Establishment of optimal barley straw biochar application conditions for rice cultivation in a paddy field

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 1793-1803
Author(s):  
S. W. Kang ◽  
J. H. Park ◽  
S. H. Kim ◽  
D. C. Seo ◽  
Y. S. Ok ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Paddy Field ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Barley Straw Biochar

scholarly journals Effects of Forage Rice Cultivation on Carbon and Greenhouse Gas Balances in a Rice Paddy Field

Atmosphere ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fumiaki Takakai ◽  
Masahiro Kobayashi ◽  
Takashi Sato ◽  
Kentaro Yasuda ◽  
Yoshihiro Kaneta
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Paddy Field ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Co2 Flux ◽  
Rice Paddy ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Forage Rice ◽  
Ch4 And N2o

The effects of conversion from staple rice to forage rice on carbon and greenhouse gas (GHG) balances in a paddy field were evaluated. A staple rice plot without the application of livestock manure compost (LMC, S − M plot) and forage rice plots with and without the application of LMC, derived mainly from cattle (2 kg−FW m−2, F + M and F − M plots, respectively), were established. CH4 and N2O fluxes and CO2 flux from a bare soil plot for organic matter decomposition (OMD) were measured. The carbon budget was calculated by subtracting the OMD, CH4 emission, and harvested grain and straw (forage rice only) from the net primary production and LMC. The net GHG balance was calculated by integrating them as CO2 equivalents. There were no significant differences in GHG flux among the plots. Compared to the carbon loss in the S − M plot, the loss increased by harvesting straw and was mitigated by LMC application. The net GHG emission in the F + M plot was significantly lower than that in other plots (1.78 and 2.63−2.77 kg CO2-eq m−2 year−1, respectively). There is a possibility that GHG emissions could be suppressed by forage rice cultivation with the application of LMC.

scholarly journals Development of Soybean Planter with No Tillage and Barley Straw Mulch in the Converted Paddy Field.

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-63
Author(s):  
Koichiro OKAZAKI ◽  
Masahiro MIYAZAKI ◽  
Yuji NAGASAKI ◽  
Shuji KOZAI
Keyword(s):  
Paddy Field ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Straw Mulch

scholarly journals Risk Factors of Leptospirosis in Rice Cultivators as Compared to non Rice Cultivators in Punjab, Pakistan

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 536-539
Author(s):  
Muhammad Athar Khan ◽  
Muhammad Zahid Latif ◽  
Syed Amir Gilani ◽  
Ifrah Bukhari
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Paddy Field ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Rice Paddy ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Ethical Review ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Rice Paddy Field ◽  
Paddy Water ◽  
Union Council

Leptospirosis is a global zoonotic infectious disease having alarming public health concerns. Generally this is an occupation related disease and the victims belong to animal slaughtering, owners of pet shops, farm workers, handlers of meat, sewerage and agriculture workers. Leptospirosis affect multiple organs in human body and may lead to myocarditis, renal failure, respiratory distress and hypotension. This disease is an emerging infectious problem in many developing countries like Pakistan. A total of 250 subjects were selected from five different rice growing districts of Punjab, Pakistan after the approval of institutional ethical review board (IERB), 250 subjects were selected for this comparative cross sectional study. Multiple stage probability technique was used for sampling. In the first stage one union council was selected from each district randomly. In the second stage, 25 subjects involved in rice cultivation from the last 10 years wereselected from each union council. Similarly 25 subjects who never worked in the rice paddy field were also randomly selected from each union council as controls. The serum sample of each subject was tested against each of the five antigens against the serovars. A total of 250 subjects were included in the study. Out of these, 125 subjects were exposed to the rice paddy water where as 125 were not exposed to rice paddy water. The cumulative seropositivity among the exposed is (83.2%) as compared to (42%) among the non exposed to rice paddy field water. The calculated cumulative odds ratio is 6.7 which represent a strong association of the risk for the development of disease among the exposed than the non exposed subjects. Leptospirosis is a public health zoonotic disease which is widely present in tropical and sub tropical areas. This study concludes that there is a strong association of rice cultivation with Leptospirosis. It is recommended that rice cultivators should protect their body parts with gloves or boots as prevention is the most appropriate way to control any disease.

scholarly journals Biochar Alteration of the Sorption of Substrates and Products in Soil Enzyme Assays

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Swaine ◽  
Rachel Obrike ◽  
Joanna M. Clark ◽  
Liz J. Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Solid Phase ◽  
Soil Enzyme ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Enzyme Assays ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Chemical Soil ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Substrate Concentrations ◽  
Barley Straw Biochar ◽  
Assay Conditions

Pine wood and barley straw biochar amendments to Kettering and Cameroon sandy silt loam soils (15, 30, or 150 mg biochar g−1soil) caused significant reductions (up to 80%,P<0.05) in concentrations of substrate and extractable product in soil dehydrogenase and phosphomonoesterase enzyme assays. Likely this was caused by increased solid-phase sorption of the chemicals in the presence of the biochars under assay conditions. The relationship between assay chemical sorption and biochar concentration depended on the chemical, soil type, biochar type, and their interactions; hence, no uniform correction factor could be derived. This biochar impact on assay constituents will limit the identification of genuine biochar effects on soil enzymes. It is recommended that the assumption of saturating substrate concentrations be checked and that product standards be matrix-matched when conducting enzyme assays with biochar-amended soil.

scholarly journals Waxy Rice Cultivation by Direct Sowing in a Well-Drained Paddy Field in Hokkaido.

2003 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-18
Author(s):  
Tomoyuki YUKAWA ◽  
Yasuo OHSHITA ◽  
Hirotoshi AWAZAKI ◽  
Jiro WATANABE
Keyword(s):  
Paddy Field ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Waxy Rice ◽  
Direct Sowing

Influence of tillage practice on major pathways of CH4 emission in rice paddy field

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiyori Namie ◽  
kasane Shimada ◽  
Shuang shuang Zhao ◽  
Munehide Ishiguro ◽  
Ryusuke Hatanano
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Paddy Field ◽  
Rice Paddy ◽  
Gas Diffusion ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Rice Paddy Field ◽  
Intermittent Irrigation ◽  
Irrigation Drainage

&lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;Generally, during the paddy rice cultivation period, CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; produced in the soil is reported to be released to the atmosphere through three pathways: diffusion (&lt;1%), bubbles (&lt;10%), and via rice (&gt; 90%). However, there are few studies have measured gas diffusion coefficient for soil below surface of the water, and there is no study has provided an accurate understanding of CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; dynamics in paddy fields. Furthermore, there are few studies that understanding the CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; dynamics in fertilizer-free and pesticide-free paddy fields, which is mainly controlled by inter-tillage practices. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify the effects of tillage and the number of inter-tillage and the presence or absence of fertilizer and pesticide on the CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; dynamics in rice paddy soil. This study compared three types of CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; flux, which were total CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; flux from rice paddy field measured by transparent chamber with plants, and soil derived CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; flux measured by dark chamber without plants, and gas diffusion flux calculated as a product of the gas diffusion coefficient and measured soil gas concentration gradient at the depths of 0-5 and 5-10cm. And they were compared with in the five rice cultivation periods (flooding, mid-drying, intermittent irrigation, drainage, and fallowing) and in the four treatment plots (conventional farming (CF), and fertilizer- and pesticide-free farming with zero-inter-tillage(T0), two-inter-tillage(T2), and five-inter-tillage (T5)). The CF was conducted according to the regional recommendation for tillage, fertilization and pest and weed control. The results showed that the peak of total CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; flux was observed in the mid-drying and intermittent irrigation periods in all treatments, and that the CH&lt;sub&gt;4 &lt;/sub&gt;flux via rice plant accounted for 60-90% of the total CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; flux. The CF showed significantly highest CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; emission during the periods, and the increase of the number of inter-tillage tended to increase the CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; emission. In the drainage period, the CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; flux by bubbles in the CF and T5 accounted for more than 80% of the total CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; flux. In the fallowing period, the diffusion CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; flux at the depth of 5-10cm increased in all treatments, but the low total CH&lt;sub&gt;4 &lt;/sub&gt;emission and increased CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; emission. This study revealed that incorporation of organic matter into soil in conventional rice farming tended to increase CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; emission. The main pathway of CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; emission from rice paddy field was via rice, and it was influenced by tillage significantly. The decomposition of organic matter from rice straw and weeds incorporated into soil was the source of the bubble of CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;. Furthermore, it seemed that the most of diffusively transferred CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; was easily oxidized to CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Response of Nutrient Dynamics with Topography during the Rice Cultivation in Paddy Field

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 310-317
Author(s):  
Min Kyeong Kim ◽  
Soon Kun Choi ◽  
Myung Hyun Kim ◽  
Seong Chang Hong ◽  
Na Young Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Paddy Field ◽  
Nutrient Dynamics ◽  
Rice Cultivation

scholarly journals Effects of biochar and barley straw application on the rice productivity and greenhouse gas emissions of paddy field

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Se-Won Kang ◽  
Jin-Ju Yun ◽  
Jae-Hyuk Park ◽  
Yong Hwa Cheong ◽  
Jong-Hwan Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Paddy Field ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Rice Productivity

AbstractTo improve the agricultural environment, utilization of biochar and organic materials from paddy fields gaining importance. This is because the long-term use of inorganic fertilizers aggravates the soil environment, and also because rice paddy is a major source of CH4 and N2O emissions during rice cultivation which involves continuous flooding. Recently, the application of organic materials and biochar to the soil has received increasing attention due to their potential benefits related to soil quality, crop growth, and greenhouse gas emission. This study examines the influence of biochar and straw treatments on rice growth, soil physicochemical properties, and global warming potential in the paddy field. Five treatments were applied for the study: control (Cn), inorganic fertilizer (IF), barley straw biochar (BC), barley straw (BS), and BC + BS. Soil quality after rice harvesting improved in the BC treated group. The yield components of rice were also improved in the BC + BS, compared to other treatments. These effects resulted in increased rice yield and uptake of nutrient contents in the BC + BS treatment. Total fluxes of CH4 and N2O relative to global warming significantly decreased by 37.3% and 65.2% in the BC + BS group than in the IF treatment, respectively. Consequentially, a cropping system with BC and BS is an effective strategy to improve rice productivity and soil quality and also reduce GHG emissions from paddy fields, thereby alleviating global warming.

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