scholarly journals Airborne fungi in Longyearbyen area (Svalbard, Norway) — case study

2021 ◽  
Vol 193 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wojciech Pusz ◽  
Jacek Urbaniak
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Airborne Fungi ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Saprotrophic Fungi ◽  
Svalbard Archipelago ◽  
Arctic Environment ◽  
Dead Organic Matter ◽  
Polar Ecosystems

AbstractStudies on the presence of atmospheric fungi in both Arctic and Antarctic polar areas are rare, and many of them were carried out briefly. Currently, when climate change is a fact, polar areas may be subject to various changes and fluctuations, negatively affecting sensitive polar ecosystems. The paper presents the results of tests on presence of fungi in the air over 30 years after the last investigations at the Svalbard Archipelago. A total of fifteen taxa of fungi were isolated in area of Longyearbyen, the majority of which were saprotrophic fungi of the genus Cladosporium that are associated with dead organic matter. Therefore, the presence of this taxon may be a good bioindicator of changes occurring in the Arctic environment, indirectly indicating the melting of glaciers and exposing increasingly larger areas inhabited by microorganisms, including fungi, which increase in number in the air. Additionally, the number of tourists visiting Longyearbyen is increasing, which may significantly affect the number and type of fungi in the air.

8. Arctic futures

2021 ◽  
pp. 137-142
Author(s):  
Klaus Dodds ◽  
Jamie Woodward
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Small Community ◽  
Arctic Amplification ◽  
Arctic Council ◽  
Svalbard Archipelago ◽  
Governance Model

‘Arctic futures’ discusses the future of the Arctic that starts in the Norwegian territory of Svalbard wherein the Global Seed Vault functions as an Arctic sanctuary for the genetic diversity of crops. The Svalbard archipelago is a hotspot of Arctic amplification as rapid warming has been keenly felt by the small community. However, the environmental changes, no matter how stark and widespread, will not dampen interest in economic development and strategic posturing. Arctic states and northern peoples remain eager to improve their social and economic conditions as well as adapt to ongoing climate change. The Arctic is a haven of international peace and cooperation as the Arctic Council is cited as a governance model that others could emulate.

scholarly journals Long-Term Performance Assessment of Low-Cost Atmospheric Sensors in the Arctic Environment

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 1919 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Carotenuto ◽  
Lorenzo Brilli ◽  
Beniamino Gioli ◽  
Giovanni Gualtieri ◽  
Carolina Vagnoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Meteorological Parameters ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Atmospheric Composition ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Svalbard Archipelago ◽  
Arctic Environment

The Arctic is an important natural laboratory that is extremely sensitive to climatic changes and its monitoring is, therefore, of great importance. Due to the environmental extremes it is often hard to deploy sensors and observations are limited to a few sparse observation points limiting the spatial and temporal coverage of the Arctic measurement. Given these constraints the possibility of deploying a rugged network of low-cost sensors remains an interesting and convenient option. The present work validates for the first time a low-cost sensor array (AIRQino) for monitoring basic meteorological parameters and atmospheric composition in the Arctic (air temperature, relative humidity, particulate matter, and CO2). AIRQino was deployed for one year in the Svalbard archipelago and its outputs compared with reference sensors. Results show good agreement with the reference meteorological parameters (air temperature (T) and relative humidity (RH)) with correlation coefficients above 0.8 and small absolute errors (≈1 °C for temperature and ≈6% for RH). Particulate matter (PM) low-cost sensors show a good linearity (r2 ≈ 0.8) and small absolute errors for both PM2.5 and PM10 (≈1 µg m−3 for PM2.5 and ≈3 µg m−3 for PM10), while overall accuracy is impacted both by the unknown composition of the local aerosol, and by high humidity conditions likely generating hygroscopic effects. CO2 exhibits a satisfying agreement with r2 around 0.70 and an absolute error of ≈23 mg m−3. Overall these results, coupled with an excellent data coverage and scarce need of maintenance make the AIRQino or similar devices integrations an interesting tool for future extended sensor networks also in the Arctic environment.

scholarly journals Readiness for climate change adaptation in the Arctic: a case study from Nunavut, Canada

2017 ◽  
Vol 145 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 85-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
James D Ford ◽  
◽  
Jolène Labbé ◽  
Melanie Flynn ◽  
Malcolm Araos
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation ◽  
The Arctic

Snow - a photobiochemical exchange platform for volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds with the atmosphere

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 62 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Ariya ◽  
F. Domine ◽  
G. Kos ◽  
M. Amyot ◽  
V. Côté ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Exchange Processes ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Volatile Organic

Environmental context Recent research has been directed towards the exchange of microorganisms and chemical compounds between snow and air. We investigate how microorganisms and chemical species in snow from the Arctic and temperate regions are transferred to the atmosphere and altered by the sun's energy. Results suggest that snow photo-biochemical reactions, in addition to physical‐chemical reactions, should be considered in describing organic matter in air–snow exchanges, and in investigations of climate change. AbstractField and laboratory studies of organic compounds in snow (12 species; concentrations ≤17 µg L–1) were conducted and microorganisms in snow and aerosols at urban and Arctic sites were investigated (snow: total bacteria count ≤40000 colony forming units per millilitre (CFU mL–1), fungi ≤400 CFU mL–1; air: bacteria ≤2.2 × 107 CFU m–3, fungi ≤84 CFU m–3). Bio-organic material is transferred between snow and air and influence on snow-air exchange processes is demonstrated. Volatile organic compounds in snow are released into the air upon melting. In vitro photochemistry indicated an increase of ≤60 µg L–1 for 1,3- and 1,4-dimethylbenzenes. Bacillus cereus was identified and observed in snow and air with ice-nucleating being P. syringae absent. As a result snow photobiochemical reactions should be considered in describing organic matter air–snow exchanges, and the investigation of climate change.

Obligate larval inhibition of Ostertagia gruehneri in Rangifer tarandus? Causes and consequences in an Arctic system

Parasitology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 139 (10) ◽  
pp. 1339-1345 ◽  
Author(s):  
BRYANNE M. HOAR ◽  
ALEXANDER G. EBERHARDT ◽  
SUSAN J. KUTZ
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Post Infection ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Summer Solstice ◽  
Arctic Canada ◽  
Arctic Environment ◽  
Experimental Infections ◽  
Common Strategy

SUMMARYLarval inhibition is a common strategy of Trichostrongylidae nematodes that may increase survival of larvae during unfavourable periods and concentrate egg production when conditions are favourable for development and transmission. We investigated the propensity for larval inhibition in a population of Ostertagia gruehneri, the most common gastrointestinal Trichostrongylidae nematode of Rangifer tarandus. Initial experimental infections of 4 reindeer with O. gruehneri sourced from the Bathurst caribou herd in Arctic Canada suggested that the propensity for larval inhibition was 100%. In the summer of 2009 we infected 12 additional reindeer with the F1 and F2 generations of O. gruehneri sourced from the previously infected reindeer to further investigate the propensity of larval inhibition. The reindeer were divided into 2 groups and half were infected before the summer solstice (17 June) and half were infected after the solstice (16 July). Reindeer did not shed eggs until March 2010, i.e. 8 and 9 months post-infection. These results suggest obligate larval inhibition for at least 1 population of O. gruehneri, a phenomenon that has not been conclusively shown for any other trichostrongylid species. Obligate inhibition is likely to be an adaptation to both the Arctic environment and to a migratory host and may influence the ability of O. gruehneri to adapt to climate change.

Dispersal and climate change: a case study of the Arctic tern Sterna paradisaea

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2005-2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. MØLLER ◽  
E. FLENSTED-JENSEN ◽  
W. MARDAL
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Sterna Paradisaea
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