scholarly journals The benevolent health worm: comparing Western human rights-based ethics and Confucian duty-based moral philosophy

2008 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alana Maurushat
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Moral Philosophy

scholarly journals Verdighet og selvbestemmelse – En aktørbasert forestilling om menneskeverdet

2019 ◽  
pp. 191-213
Author(s):  
Sven Arntzen
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Moral Philosophy ◽  
Assisted Suicide ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Rational Agent ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Absolute

Dignity, according to one conception, is the absolute, inherent and inalienable value of every person. There is general agreement that this idea of dignity has a source in Immanuel Kant’s moral philosophy. I argue that Kant formulates what I characterize as an agency or agent based conception of dignity. Persons are bearers of dignity in their capacity as moral subjects and subjects of action. Central here is the idea that a rational agent is the subject of “any end whatsoever” and so must be considered the free cause of actions. Accordingly, to be treated merely as a thing, or “as a means”, is to be treated in a manner incompatible with having and acting for the sake of any end of one’s choosing. Also relevant in this connection is Alan Gewirth’s agency based theories of dignity and of human rights. I then consider this conception of dignity in addressing three ethical issues: to let die or keep alive, assisted suicide, and so-called dwarf-tossing. Finally, I consider challenges to the idea of dignity in general and the agency based conception of dignity in particular.

Moral Philosophy of Global Peace

1998 ◽  
pp. 86-92
Author(s):  
Chhaya Rai
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Racial Discrimination ◽  
Moral Philosophy ◽  
Economic Inequality ◽  
Human Values ◽  
Social Injustice ◽  
Global Ethics ◽  
Religious Intolerance ◽  
Summum Bonum ◽  
Global Peace

Global Peace is the summum bonum, so we must know its negative as well as positive meanings. Simultaneously peace must be understood in all its interrelated but theoretically differentiated dimensions as personal, social, national, international and global. Today, humankind is suffering from multidimensional crises such as terrorism, population-explosion, denial of human rights, economic inequality, racial discrimination, ideological extremism, religious intolerance, social injustice, ecological imbalance, consumerism, oppression of weak, etc. These peace-related issues compel us to lay down the fundamental principles of a radical global ethics that expects us to realize our roles and duties regarding global peace. It includes the role and ideals of educationalists, the duties of scientists, philosophers, and thinkers, the inculcation of human values such as nonviolence, love, etc.

Climate Change as a Business and Human Rights Issue: A Proposal for a Moral Typology

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Kristian Høyer TOFT
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Moral Philosophy ◽  
Critical Discussion ◽  
Legal Principles ◽  
Business And Human Rights ◽  
Moral Duties ◽  
Rights Issue ◽  
Forward Looking

AbstractTo explore the emerging and contested issue of business and human rights in the area of climate change, this article provides a critical discussion from the viewpoint of moral philosophy. A novel typology of businesses’ human rights duties (‘duty’ is considered synonymous with ‘responsibility’ here) is proposed. It claims that duties are both forward- and backward-looking. Cases of human rights litigation seeking remedy for climate-related harms are backward-looking, and duties should be determined on the basis of proportion of historical emissions, culpable knowledge and counter-acts to abate climate harms. Businesses’ forward-looking duties, however, depend on their power, privilege, interest and collective abilities. The typology is then assessed against the background of recent legal principles and instruments. It is concluded that moral duties of business reach beyond mere respect for human rights and national jurisdictions in the context of climate change.

scholarly journals Epistemic and ethical responsibility during the pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 117-125
Author(s):  
Andrea Klimková
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Moral Philosophy ◽  
Ethical Responsibility ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Moral Principles ◽  
Policy Responses ◽  
Actual Content ◽  
Political Decisions

Abstract Intellectual (specialised) knowledge is omnipresent in human lives and decisions. We are constantly trying to make good and correct decisions. However, responsible decision-making is characterised by rather difficult epistemic conditions. It applies all the more during the pandemic when decisions require not only specialised knowledge in a number of disciplines, scientific consensus, and participants from different fields, but also responsibility and respect for moral principles in order to ensure that the human rights of all groups are observed. Pandemic measures are created by politicians, healthcare policy-makers, and epidemiologists. However, what is the role of ethics as a moral philosophy and experts in ethics? Experts in ethics and philosophy are carefully scrutinising political decisions. Levy and Savulescu (2020) have claimed that Ethicists and philosophers are not epistemically arrogant if they question policy responses. They played an important role in the creation of a reliable consensus. This study analyses epistemic and moral responsibility, their similarities, analogies, and differences. Are they interconnected? What is their relationship and how can they be filled with actual content during the pandemic?

scholarly journals Spare the Rod, Spoil the Society? The Moral Complexity of Caning in Singapore

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Hannah Sorenson
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Corporal Punishment ◽  
Moral Philosophy ◽  
Ethical Framework ◽  
International Human Rights ◽  
Ethical Frameworks ◽  
International Human ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Control

You have the opportunity to decide whether or not a person gets caned, the only caveat is that they have committed a crime against you. What will you do? This essay explores the moral complexity of caning in Singapore through an exploration of corporal punishment, criminal justice, moral philosophy, and the Asian values debate; a dilemma that ultimately places concerns of society and the individual at odds. In doing so, the essay argues that the morality of caning changes on the basis of the ethical framework and modification of situation variables. Even so, the moral complexity of caning is not superficially evident. In order to thoroughly engage with all elements of this complexity, this essay begins by attempting to decipher the place of punishment within international human rights frameworks. From there, the essay explores the morality of punishment and its employ in colonial endeavors. This leads to a discussion of modernization, humanitarian ideologies, and control. By creating a framework for analyzing criminal justice in Singapore—including an outline of the intersections of criminal justice, development, and prosperity —this essay seeks to explore the balance between corporal punishment as a tool of prosperity and corporal punishment as a source of pain and degradation. When placed in consequentialist and virtue-based ethical frameworks caning in Singapore looks very different, forcing the moral actor to weigh societal concerns with concerns for individual pain, suffering, and liberties. Keywords: Caning, Morality, Society, Punishment.

Part I Theoretical Foundations, Ch.2 Moral Philosophy

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Van Duffel Siegfried
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Moral Philosophy ◽  
Religious Tradition ◽  
Natural Rights ◽  
The Political ◽  
International Human Rights Law ◽  
Human Rights Law ◽  
International Human Rights ◽  
Theoretical Foundations ◽  
Rights Theories

This article examines long-standing debates in moral philosophy that are relevant to international human rights law. It discusses the political conception of human rights and the four challenges to moral philosophy which include the notion that no particular religious tradition or particular comprehensive doctrine (or morality) grounded human rights and the belief that natural rights theories end up misrepresenting and narrowing the scope of human rights. This article also highlights the importance of the work of moral philosophers to the understanding of contemporary human rights and explains that the traditions of natural rights theories still influence contemporary human rights language in profound ways.

Responsibility Ethics, Shared Understandings, and Moral Communities

Hypatia ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Card
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Moral Philosophy ◽  
John Rawls ◽  
Social Reform ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Moral Communities ◽  
Henry Sidgwick ◽  
Responsibility Ethics ◽  
Situated Practice ◽  
Shared Understandings

Margaret Walker's Moral Understandings offers an “expressive-collaborative,” culturally situated, practice—based picture of morality, critical of a “theoretical-juridical” picture in most prefeminist moral philosophy since Henry Sidgwick. This essay compares her approach to ethics with that of John Rawls, another exemplar of the “theoretical-juridical” model, and asks how Walker's approach would apply to several ethical issues, including interaction with (other) animals, social reform and revolution, and basic human rights.

Toward an American Coalition for Human Rights

Worldview ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 21 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 19-20
Author(s):  
Bayard Rustin
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Moral Philosophy ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Human Welfare ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
Economic Well Being

Should we form an American coalition for human rights? If so's what would be its purpose, its structure, and its functions?I would like to suggest a moral philosophy as a basis for such a coalition.I believe we must oppose suppression of human rights anywhere, whatever the ideology of the oppressor. We must, in my view, oppose dictatorships of both the Right and the Left— unequivocally and without qualification.In addition I would like to propose that such a coalition stress the importance of social and economic well-being for all peoples. We must, in my view, look to the development of human well-being that embodies the full range of human rights and aspirations. This means stretching the definition of human rights beyond civil and political to include all matters that affect human welfare.

Jeremy Bentham (1748–1832)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Schofield
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Moral Philosophy ◽  
Natural Rights ◽  
Jeremy Bentham ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Classical Utilitarianism ◽  
University College

This chapter discusses the thought and works of Jeremy Bentham (1748–1832). Since the late 1960s Bentham scholarship has been driven by the appearance of volumes in the new authoritative edition of The Collected Works of Jeremy Bentham, prepared by the Bentham Project under the supervision of University College London’s Bentham Committee. The thirty-third volume in the edition, entitled Preparatory Principles, was published in December 2016. Bentham was the pre-eminent representative of the Enlightenment. He was the founder of the doctrine of classical utilitarianism, which remains one of the main strands in liberal moral philosophy; he set the parameters for the modern discipline of jurisprudence by distinguishing law as it is from law as it ought to be; his commentary on the French Declaration of Rights of 1789 constitutes a devastating attack on the philosophy of natural rights, and hence on that of human rights.

scholarly journals Kontrak Sosial menurut Immanuel Kant: Kontekstualisasinya dengan Penegakan HAM di Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 192
Author(s):  
Althien John Pesurnay
Keyword(s):  
Political Philosophy ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Immanuel Kant ◽  
Social Contract ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Moral Philosophy ◽  
Human Rights Violations ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Will ◽  
Rights Issues

This article addresses the sensitive topic of human rights issues in Indonesia through a Kantian analysis. Cases of human rights violations are a common occurrence in Indonesia. Presently, human rights violations in the country are assessed from historical and legal perspectives. However, there is little commitment or willingness on the part of the Indonesian government to protect and defend the principles of human rights. This article is attempts to utilize arguments from political philosophy that can contextualize the protection and implementation of human rights in Indonesia, through an analysis of  the concept of social contract in Immanuel Kant’s political philosophy. According to Kant, freedom and equality are natural rights. This article demonstrates that Kant's social contract theory is linear with his formal moral philosophy. In his explanation, ‘contract’ is unified will. Therefore, the Indonesian state with its power is responsible to implement the will of the public to ensure order and rule of law and to protect the rights and freedom of each individual.

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