scholarly journals Moral Understanding, Testimony, and Moral Exemplarity

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 373-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Croce
Keyword(s):  
Moral Reasoning ◽  
Virtue Ethics ◽  
Moral Epistemology ◽  
Moral Value ◽  
Moral Understanding ◽  
Moral Theories

AbstractWhile possessing moral understanding is agreed to be a core epistemic and moral value, it remains a matter of dispute whether it can be acquired via testimony and whether it involves an ability to engage in moral reasoning. This paper addresses both issues with the aim of contributing to the current debates on moral understanding in moral epistemology and virtue ethics. It is argued that moral epistemologists should stop appealing to the argument from the transmissibility of moral understanding to make a case for their favorite view of moral understanding. It is also argued that proponents of exemplarist moral theories cannot remain neutral on whether the ability to engage in moral reasoning is a necessary component of moral understanding.

scholarly journals PERAN GENDER DAN PENALARAN MORAL DALAM PENGAMBILAN KEPUTUSAN ETIS DI BIDANG MANAJEMEN DAN IMPLIKASINYA: STUDI KASUS PADA ORGANISASI NIRLABA

2005 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Djuwari . ◽  
Tatik Suryani
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Moral Reasoning ◽  
Ethical Decision ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Moral Integrity ◽  
Moral Value ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Unethical Decision Making

How to make ethical decision making is very important in many aspect managerial process, because its implication can impact many other activities. Research found that many unethical behavior in business process is caused by unethical decision making. The recent research indicates that gender has important role in decision making process. The research is aimed to examine the effects of gender in decision making process in management. Beside it, the research also wants to examine the influence of moral reasoning to ethical decision making. Research involved 105 respondent from many non profit organizations located in East Java. By using t-test, the result reveals that there is significant difference between women and man in decision making. Women more ethical in decision making than men, in some aspect. Women more commit to autonomy, equality, win-win principle and moral integrity. By using simple regression analysis, the result indicates that moral reasoning influences significantly to ethical decision making. This research support the previously research that is conducted by Glover (2002) which the culture setting similarly with this research. The result can't be separated by the Indonesia cultural that expect women more ethical, obedience and respect to moral value.

The Morality of Reporting Safety Concerns in Aviation

2018 ◽  
pp. 3194-3204
Author(s):  
Kawtar Tani
Keyword(s):  
Moral Development ◽  
Moral Reasoning ◽  
Previous Investigation ◽  
Cognitive Moral Development ◽  
Safety Concerns ◽  
Development Framework ◽  
Moral Theories ◽  
Ethical Situation

Previous investigation into the morality of actions suggested that individuals' level of cognitive moral development, strongly influences their decisions regarding what is right or wrong, and focuses upon the rights, duties and obligations involved in a particular ethical situation. Using the cognitive moral development framework, this research sought to explore the moral reasoning behind aviation employees' intentions to report wrongdoing in the aviation context. Findings indicated that a significant association between participants' intentions to intervene in a wrongdoing situation, and their level of moral reasoning exists. Specifically, the modal level of participants' moral reasoning was consistent with the Conventional level of moral theories, and was higher for participants who stated that they would intervene, than for participants who stated they would not intervene in a wrongdoing situation.

scholarly journals How do moral theories stand to each other?

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-299
Author(s):  
Svantje Guinebert
Keyword(s):  
Virtue Ethics ◽  
Moral Theory ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Deontological Ethics ◽  
Basic Orientation ◽  
Moral Theories ◽  
In Virtue Of

AbstractMoral theories, such as the variations on virtue ethics, deontological ethics, contractualism, and consequentialism, are expected – inter alia – to explain the basic orientation of morality, give us principles and directives, justify those, and thereby (if all goes well) guide our actions. I examine some functions and characteristics of the extant moral theories from a moral metatheoretical point of view, in order to clarify the generally assumed rivalry between them. By thinking of moral theories in analogy to languages it is argued that different moral theories are neither simply competing nor simply complementary; their respective orientations justify using them, in virtue of the problems they help to solve. But even if considerations about the functionality of a theory and the context in which it is created play an important role, they can neither be sufficient to determine these theories’ relations to one other nor for choosing between them. The challenge is to set criteria for the quality of a moral theory on a moral metatheoretical level and, in particular, to make room for future views on morality.

The Collapse of Virtue Ethics

Utilitas ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brad Hooker
Keyword(s):  
Virtue Ethics ◽  
Rule Consequentialism ◽  
Moral Theories

Virtue ethics is normally taken to be an alternative to consequentialist and Kantian moral theories. I shall discuss what I think is the most interesting version of virtue ethics – Rosalind Hursthouse's. I shall then argue that her version is inadequate in ways that suggest revision in the direction of a kind of rule-consequentialism.

Liberal Neutrality

Dialogue ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 711-719
Author(s):  
Lawrence Haworth
Keyword(s):  
Moral Reasoning ◽  
Political Theory ◽  
Moral Decision ◽  
Single Source ◽  
Moral Decision Making ◽  
Moral Value ◽  
Liberal Neutrality ◽  
Social Lives ◽  
Moral Person ◽  
Personal Ideal

In Patterns of Moral Complexity, Charles Larmore describes three related ways in which moral and political theory are more complex than is often allowed. He objects to three parallel simplifications: that moral decision making largely consists in the application of rules to particular situations; that the ideals by which we are guided in our personal (private, social) lives should also do service as political ideals, a simplification which he calls “expressivism”; and that there is but a single source of moral value (that we must be either consequentialists, or deontologists, or endorse the “principle of partiality”). Against these simplifications he argues in a sort of Aristotelian way for (1) the centrality of judgment in moral reasoning; (2) for the liberal principle that the state should not strive to express our highest personal ideal; and (3) for the, I suppose eclectic, view that partiality, deontological reasons, and consequentialist reasons all have a place in moral reasoning and that therefore the moral person may well be caught in conflicts that present him or her with tragic choices. These are the three “patterns of moral complexity” that the title of the book refers to.

The Love–Hate Relationship between Feminism and Consequentialism

2020 ◽  
pp. 615-633
Author(s):  
Samantha Brennan
Keyword(s):  
Moral Reasoning ◽  
Equal Treatment ◽  
Moral Theories

The early utilitarians were strong champions for the equal treatment of women, yet contemporary feminists are some of consequentialism’s biggest critics. Arguing from a more generous account of what counts as consequentialist moral reasoning, this chapter identifies feminist criticisms of consequentialism and sees whether, and to what extent, feminism and consequentialism can be reconciled. It argues that a feminist version of consequentialism is possible and, regardless, that all feminist moral theories contain significant consequentialist elements which it would be a mistake to ignore. Finally, it suggests that all feminist approaches to ethics ought to accord some role to consequences and results, and therefore ought to contribute to debates and discussions within consequentialist ethics.

Comment on Karen Jones and François Schroeter

2012 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Hills
Keyword(s):  
Moral Epistemology ◽  
Virtuous Person ◽  
Moral Understanding

AbstractIn this comment I defend my account of moral understanding and its role in morally worthy action and claim that a fully virtuous person would have moral understanding. This means that deference to moral experts is not always appropriate. But there is still room for a social moral epistemology, whereby moral experts pass on moral understanding.

Moral Bioenhancement and the Utilitarian Catastrophe

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
NICHOLAS AGAR
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Moral Reasoning ◽  
Moral Judgment ◽  
Practical Interest ◽  
Weapons Of Mass Destruction ◽  
Mass Destruction ◽  
Moral Value ◽  
Moral Bioenhancement

Abstract:This article challenges recent calls for moral bioenhancement—the use of biomedical means, including pharmacological and genetic methods, to increase the moral value of our actions or characters. It responds to those who take a practical interest in moral bioenhancement. I argue that moral bioenhancement is unlikely to be a good response to the extinction threats of climate change and weapons of mass destruction. Rather than alleviating those problems, it is likely to aggravate them. We should expect biomedical means to generate piecemeal enhancements of human morality. These predictably strengthen some contributors to moral judgment while leaving others comparatively unaffected. This unbalanced enhancement differs from the manner of improvement that typically results from sustained reflection. It is likely to make its subjects worse rather than better at moral reasoning.

Repression and Moral Reasoning: An Outline of a New Approach in Ethical Understanding

SATS ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannes Nykänen
Keyword(s):  
Moral Reasoning ◽  
Moral Philosophy ◽  
Moral Dilemmas ◽  
Moral Principle ◽  
Moral Problem ◽  
Related Phenomenon ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Moral Understanding ◽  
Moral Principles ◽  
Essential Aspect

AbstractThe aim of the paper is to show that moral reasoning is not really reasoning in the sense usually assumed in moral philosophy. Instead, moral reasoning is one aspect of repressing conscience. The formal dimensions of moral reasoning function as a repressive depersonalisation of our sense of being an I who stands in a relationship to a you. For instance, “moral principle” invokes a formal and hence impersonal understanding of a moral problem. The thinking person loses her sense of being a particular person related to another particular person and focuses instead on the moral principles with their inherent, systematic implications. However, and as I will show in connection to so-called moral dilemmas, the thinking person does not actually act in the rational manner that is presupposed by reasoning. Instead, moral reasoning will reveal itself as a discourse for repressing conscience. Part of the aim of the paper is to show that, contrary to what is generally assumed, repression is a morally related phenomenon that arises as a result of a person’s difficulties with acknowledging the character of a moral difficulty; an acknowledgement that is an essential aspect of moral understanding.

scholarly journals Why helping the victims of disasters makes me a better person: Towards an anthropological theory of humanitarian action

Human Affairs ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleni M Kalokairinou
Keyword(s):  
Virtue Ethics ◽  
Moral Theory ◽  
Developmental Process ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Virtuous Person ◽  
Humanitarian Action ◽  
Anthropological Theory ◽  
Moral Theories ◽  
The Right ◽  
Difficult Situations

AbstractIn this paper I examine which is the most appropriate moral theory for dealing with disaster bioethics contexts. It is pointed out that, contrary to what is usually believed, moral theories of right action cannot actually guide us in such difficult situations. Instead, it is claimed that a virtue ethics theory of an Aristotelian version, which gives emphasis not only on the virtuous person but also on the relevant developmental process of becoming virtuous, can provide us with the right theoretical framework for coping with the problems which the victims of such disastrous situations face.

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