scholarly journals Long-term fate of fertilizer sulfate- and elemental S in co-granulated fertilizers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fien Degryse ◽  
Roslyn Baird ◽  
Ivan Andelkovic ◽  
Michael J. McLaughlin
Keyword(s):  
Slow Release ◽  
First Year ◽  
Warm Climate ◽  
Monoammonium Phosphate ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizers ◽  
Organic S ◽  
Slow Release Fertilizer ◽  
S Uptake ◽  
S Cycling

AbstractIn previous studies, we assessed sulfur (S) uptake by crops from elemental S (ES) and sulfate-S (SO4-S) in S-fortified monoammonium phosphate fertilizers over two years. The recovery by the crop ranged from 16 to 28% for ES and from 9 to 86% for SO4-S. Here, we used a model which takes into account organic S cycling, SO4-S leaching and ES oxidation to explain the observed recoveries. Higher recoveries of ES than SO4-S in two of the four sites could be explained by partial leaching of SO4-S and relatively fast oxidation of ES, due to a warm climate and high S-oxidizing soils. The same model was used for longer-term (5-year) predictions, and a sensitivity analysis was carried out. The size of the labile soil S pool and total S uptake strongly affected the recovery of both SO4-S and ES. Predicted recoveries after 5 years were over threefold higher for a small than for a large labile organic S pool and for a high-uptake than for a low-uptake scenario. Leaching mainly affected SO4-S, with predicted recoveries halved under a high-leaching scenario. Slow oxidation resulted in recoveries in the first year being fourfold lower for ES than for SO4-S or even lower in case of a long lag-time. However, it is predicted that total recoveries of ES will eventually reach those of SO4-S or exceed them if there is SO4-S leaching. Our model demonstrates that long-term trials are needed to evaluate the true effectiveness of a slow-release fertilizer source such as ES.

scholarly journals Sulfur Uptake from Fertilizer Fortified with Sulfate and Elemental S in Three Contrasting Climatic Zones

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1035
Author(s):  
Fien Degryse ◽  
Roslyn Baird ◽  
Rodrigo C. da Silva ◽  
Christopher B. Holzapfel ◽  
Claudinei Kappes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Fertilizer Efficiency ◽  
First Year ◽  
Warm Climate ◽  
Monoammonium Phosphate ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizers ◽  
Climatic Zones ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Cumulative Recovery

Field trials with labeled fertilizers can be used to provide information on fertilizer efficiency, residual value, and nutrient fate. We assessed the uptake from elemental S (ES) and sulfate S (SO4-S) in S-fortified monoammonium phosphate fertilizers by various crops at three sites in Argentina, Brazil, and Canada. The S sources were labeled with 34S, and the 34S abundance in the plant tissue was analyzed at an early stage and at maturity over two consecutive years. At the sites in Argentina and Canada, the recovery of ES in the crop was smaller than that of SO4-S in the first year, while the opposite was true in the second year. At the Brazilian site, the recovery of ES was similar to that of SO4-S in the first year, but higher in the second year. In the Argentina and Canada sites, the cumulative recovery of SO4-S was >65% and that of ES was 20−25%. In the Brazilian site, the cumulative recovery of SO4-S was 9% and that of ES 16%. The higher recovery of ES than of SO4-S in the Brazilian site was attributed to leaching of added SO4-S and relatively fast oxidation of ES due to the warm climate. These results suggest that ES may be more suitable than SO4-S as a fertilizer S source in warm humid climates, while inclusion of SO4-S in the fertilizer is recommended in colder climates as slow oxidation limits the initial availability of ES.

scholarly journals Effect of different fertilization on the growth and nutrition of azalea (Rhododendron L.)

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 123-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zenia Michałojć ◽  
Michał Koter
Keyword(s):  
Slow Release ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Magnesium Content ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
First Year ◽  
Fertilizer Rate ◽  
Slow Release Fertilizer ◽  
Growth And Nutrition ◽  
Growing Medium ◽  
Second Year

A study on azalea (<em>Rhododendron </em>L.), 'Kilian' and 'Persil', was conducted in 2009–2010. Plants were grown in pots in the open air, in a peat substrate with a pH of 4.8. The effect of the following fertilization methods was studied: I – traditional fertilization (single fertilizers were applied in 2 rates); II – a slow-release fertilizer (Hortiform pH); III – combined fertilization (¼ of the rate of nutrients was applied in the form of single fertilizers and ¾ in the form of Hortiform pH). The slow-release fertilizer Hortiform pH and combined fertilization were applied once in each study year when filling the pots with growing medium. Fertilizers were applied at the basic rate (D1) and at a twice higher rate (D2). In the first year of cultivation, the study showed no significant effect of fertilization method on shoot length in both azalea cultivars, whereas in the second year the longest shoots were found after application of the slow-release fertilizer Hortiform pH. In both years of the study, significantly longer shoots were found in the cultivar 'Persil' after application of the lower fertilizer rate (D1) than after application of the higher fertilizer rate (D2). On the other hand, the study showed that the fertilizer rate had no effect on shoot length in 'Kilian'. After application of the higher fertilizer rate, a higher content of nitrogen and potassium as well as a lower content of phosphorus, calcium, and magnesium were determined in the leaves of both cultivars. The study found the following percentages to be the optimal nutrient content in azalea leaves: 1.88 – 2.20% N; 1.0 – 1.7% K; and 0.60% – 1.20% Ca, while the phosphorus content of 0.09 – 0.25% and the magnesium content of 0.14 – 0.25% were shown to be the lower limit for optimal plant nutrition. After the end of the growing season, a low content of all nutrients in the medium was found in both study years, irrespective of the applied fertilizer rate and fertilization method.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF SLOW RELEASE FERTILIZER ON THE INITIAL DEVELOPMENT AND COFFEE PRODUCTION

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 538
Author(s):  
Kleso Silva Franco Junior ◽  
Julian Silva Carvalho ◽  
Bernardino Cangussu Guimarães ◽  
Camila Karen Reis Barbosa ◽  
Giselle Prado Brigante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Block Design ◽  
First Year ◽  
Coffee Production ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Slow Release Fertilizer ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Second Year

The objective in this work was to evaluate the efficiency of slow release fertilizer in seedling production, initial development and first coffee production. The research was carried out at Sitio Santa Felicidade, Campestre - MG, Brazil, in a randomized block design with two treatments and ten replicates, totaling 20 experimental plots. Coffee seedlings were produced using Ciclus Substrate (20% N, 22% P2O5 and 5% K2O) and conventional fertilizers 4 kg simple super phosphate (18% P2O5) and 0.25 kg Potassium Chloride (58% K2O). The variables evaluated were size, dry and fresh matter of the shoot and root system, and the seedlings were transplanted to the field and those from Ciclus Substrate received in the first year Ciclus NS (30% N) and in the second year. NK (19-00-19) and conventionally produced with conventional fertilizers (20-00-20 and 25-00-25 respectively), the variables evaluated were: shoot growth, length and number of plagiotropic branch internodes Slow release fertilizer ciclus Substrate has been found to be a viable technology for the production of arabica coffee seedlings, coffee planting NS provides good plant development and coffee producing NK provides good plant growth and higher productivity.

CARDIOLOGICAL PROBLEMS IN THE LONG-TERM PERIOD IN CHILDREN AFTER AORTIC COARCTATION SURGERY TREATMENT IN THE FIRST YEAR OF LIFE

2018 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 24-28
Author(s):  
M.R. Tumanyan ◽  
◽  
A.A. Svobodov ◽  
E.G. Levchenko ◽  
A.G. Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Coarctation ◽  
First Year ◽  
First Year Of Life

Muenke syndrome: long-term outcome of a syndrome-specific treatment protocol

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 415-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bianca K. den Ottelander ◽  
Robbin de Goederen ◽  
Marie-Lise C. van Veelen ◽  
Stephanie D. C. van de Beeten ◽  
Maarten H. Lequin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
First Year ◽  
Ventricular Size ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Skull Growth ◽  
Muenke Syndrome ◽  
First Year Of Life

OBJECTIVEThe authors evaluated the long-term outcome of their treatment protocol for Muenke syndrome, which includes a single craniofacial procedure.METHODSThis was a prospective observational cohort study of Muenke syndrome patients who underwent surgery for craniosynostosis within the first year of life. Symptoms and determinants of intracranial hypertension were evaluated by longitudinal monitoring of the presence of papilledema (fundoscopy), obstructive sleep apnea (OSA; with polysomnography), cerebellar tonsillar herniation (MRI studies), ventricular size (MRI and CT studies), and skull growth (occipital frontal head circumference [OFC]). Other evaluated factors included hearing, speech, and ophthalmological outcomes.RESULTSThe study included 38 patients; 36 patients underwent fronto-supraorbital advancement. The median age at last follow-up was 13.2 years (range 1.3–24.4 years). Three patients had papilledema, which was related to ophthalmological disorders in 2 patients. Three patients had mild OSA. Three patients had a Chiari I malformation, and tonsillar descent < 5 mm was present in 6 patients. Tonsillar position was unrelated to papilledema, ventricular size, or restricted skull growth. Ten patients had ventriculomegaly, and the OFC growth curve deflected in 3 patients. Twenty-two patients had hearing loss. Refraction anomalies were diagnosed in 14/15 patients measured at ≥ 8 years of age.CONCLUSIONSPatients with Muenke syndrome treated with a single fronto-supraorbital advancement in their first year of life rarely develop signs of intracranial hypertension, in accordance with the very low prevalence of its causative factors (OSA, hydrocephalus, and restricted skull growth). This illustrates that there is no need for a routine second craniofacial procedure. Patient follow-up should focus on visual assessment and speech and hearing outcomes.

Engineering for good: A case of community driven engineering innovation

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chinweike Eseonu ◽  
Martin A Cortes
Keyword(s):  
Engineering Students ◽  
Technology Innovation ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
First Year ◽  
Engineering Curriculum ◽  
Engineering Design Process ◽  
The World ◽  
The University ◽  
Social Consideration

There is a culture of disengagement from social consideration in engineering disciplines. This means that first year engineering students, who arrive planning to change the world through engineering, lose this passion as they progress through the engineering curriculum. The community driven technology innovation and investment program described in this paper is an attempt to reverse this trend by fusing community engagement with the normal engineering design process. This approach differs from existing project or trip based approaches – outreach – because the focus is on local communities with which the university team forms a long-term partnership through weekly in-person meetings and community driven problem statements – engagement.

Evaluation of Nano Structured Slow Release Fertilizer on the Soil Fertility, Yield and Nutritional Profile of Vigna radiata

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajendran Mala ◽  
Ruby Selvaraj ◽  
Vidhya Sundaram ◽  
Raja Rajan ◽  
Uma Gurusamy
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Vigna Radiata ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Nutritional Profile ◽  
Slow Release Fertilizer

The ontogeny of long-term memory over the first year-and-a-half of life

1998 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin Hartshorn ◽  
Carolyn Rovee-Collier ◽  
Peter Gerhardstein ◽  
Ramesh S. Bhatt ◽  
Teresa L. Wondoloski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Long Term Memory ◽  
First Year ◽  
Term Memory

Long-Term Follow-Up of Early Cochlear Implant Device Activation

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Stefanie Bruschke ◽  
Uwe Baumann ◽  
Timo Stöver
Keyword(s):  
Speech Recognition ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Cochlear Implant ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Control Group ◽  
First Year ◽  
Safe Procedure ◽  
Sound Processor

Background: The cochlear implant (CI) is a standard procedure for the treatment of patients with severe to profound hearing loss. In the past, a standard healing period of 3–6 weeks occurred after CI surgery before the sound processor was initially activated. Advancements of surgical techniques and instruments allow an earlier initial activation of the processor within 14 days after surgery. Objective: Evaluation of the early CI device activation after CI surgery within 14 days, comparison to the first activation after 4–6 weeks, and assessment of the feasibility and safety of the early fitting over a 12 month observation period were the objectives of this study. Method: In a prospective study, 127 patients scheduled for CI surgery were divided into early fitting group (EF, n = 67) and control group (CG, n = 60). Individual questionnaires were used to evaluate medical and technical outcomes of the EF. Medical side effects, speech recognition, and follow-up effort were compared with the CG within the first year after CI surgery. Results: The early fitting was feasible in 97% of the EF patients. In the EF, the processor was activated 25 days earlier than in the CG. No major complications were observed in either group. At the follow-up appointments, side effects such as pain and balance problems occurred with comparable frequency in both groups. At initial fitting, the EF showed a significantly higher incidence of medical minor complications (p < 0.05). When developing speech recognition within the first year of CI use, no difference was observed. Furthermore, the follow-up effort within the first year after CI surgery was comparable in both groups. Conclusions: Early fitting of the sound processor is a feasible and safe procedure with comparable follow-up effort. Although more early minor complications were observed in the EF, there were no long-term wound healing problems caused by the early fitting. Regular inspection of the magnet strength is recommended as part of the CI follow-up since postoperative wound swelling must be expected. The early fitting procedure enabled a clear reduction in the waiting time between CI surgery and initial sound processor activation.

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