Perceptual selection and the unconscious selection of ‘volunteer’ seedlings in clonally propagated crops: an example with African cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) using ethnobotany and population genetics

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 665-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Delêtre ◽  
Trevor R. Hodkinson ◽  
Doyle McKey
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetics ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
The Unconscious ◽  
Unconscious Selection ◽  
Perceptual Selection ◽  
Selection Of

scholarly journals Comprehensive genotyping of a Brazilian cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) germplasm bank: insights into diversification and domestication

2021 ◽  
Vol 134 (5) ◽  
pp. 1343-1362
Author(s):  
Alex C. Ogbonna ◽  
Luciano Rogerio Braatz de Andrade ◽  
Lukas A. Mueller ◽  
Eder Jorge de Oliveira ◽  
Guillaume J. Bauchet
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetics ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Germplasm Bank ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Population Structure Analysis ◽  
Modern Breeding

Abstract Key message Brazilian cassava diversity was characterized through population genetics and clustering approaches, highlighting contrasted genetic groups and spatial genetic differentiation. Abstract Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a major staple root crop of the tropics, originating from the Amazonian region. In this study, 3354 cassava landraces and modern breeding lines from the Embrapa Cassava Germplasm Bank (CGB) were characterized. All individuals were subjected to genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS), identifying 27,045 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Identity-by-state and population structure analyses revealed a unique set of 1536 individuals and 10 distinct genetic groups with heterogeneous linkage disequilibrium (LD). On this basis, a density of 1300–4700 SNP markers were selected for large-effect quantitative trait loci (QTL) detection. Identified genetic groups were further characterized for population genetics parameters including minor allele frequency (MAF), observed heterozygosity $$({H}_{o})$$ ( H o ) , effective population size estimate $$\widehat{{(N}_{e}}$$ ( N e ^ ) and polymorphism information content (PIC). Selection footprints and introgressions of M. glaziovii were detected. Spatial population structure analysis revealed five ancestral populations related to distinct Brazilian ecoregions. Estimation of historical relationships among identified populations suggests an early population split from Amazonian to Atlantic forest and Caatinga ecoregions and active gene flows. This study provides a thorough genetic characterization of ex situ germplasm resources from cassava’s center of origin, South America, with results shedding light on Brazilian cassava characteristics and its biogeographical landscape. These findings support and facilitate the use of genetic resources in modern breeding programs including implementation of association mapping and genomic selection strategies.

scholarly journals Selection of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) genotypes based on agro-morphological traits in Angola

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 447-460
Author(s):  
Domingos Joao Afonso Sandra ◽  
Alberto da Silva Ledo Carlos ◽  
Franco Cunha Moreira Ricardo ◽  
da Silva Santos Vanderlei ◽  
Peixoto Borges Viviane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Selection Of

scholarly journals Comprehensive genotyping of Brazilian Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Germplasm Bank: insights into diversification and domestication

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex C. Ogbonna ◽  
Luciano Rogerio Braatz de Andrade ◽  
Eder Jorge de Oliveira ◽  
Lukas A. Mueller ◽  
Guillaume J. Bauchet
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetics ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Germplasm Bank ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Population Structure Analysis ◽  
Modern Breeding

AbstractCassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a major staple root crop of the tropics, originating from the Amazonas region. In this study, 3,354 cassava landraces and modern breeding lines from the Embrapa Cassava Germplasm Bank (CGB) were characterized. All individuals were subjected to genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS), identifying 27,045 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs). Identity-by-state and population structure analyses revealed a unique set of 1,536 individuals and 10 distinct genetic groups with heterogeneous linkage disequilibrium (LD). On this basis, 1,300 to 4,700 SNP markers were selected for large quantitative trait loci (QTL) detection. Identified genetic groups were further characterized for population genetics parameters including minor allele frequency (MAF), observed heterozygosity (Ho), effective population size estimate and polymorphism information content (PIC). Selection footprints and introgressions of M. glaziovii were detected. Spatial population structure analysis revealed five ancestral populations related to distinct Brazilian ecoregions. Estimation of historical relationships among identified populations suggest earliest population split from Amazonas to Atlantic forest and Caatinga eco-regions and active gene flows. This study provides a thorough genetic characterization of ex situ germplasm resources from cassava center of origin, South America, with results shedding light on Brazilian cassava characteristics and its biogeographical landscape. These Findings support and facilitate the use of genetic resources in modern breeding programs including implementation of association mapping and genomic selection strategies.Key messageBrazilian cassava diversity was characterized through population genetics and clustering approaches, highlighting contrasted genetic groups, and spatial genetic differentiation.

scholarly journals Determination of Socio-economic Influence of Tillage and Termite on Incidence, Severity and Yield of Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) in Selected Owerri Agricultural Zones, Southeast Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
K. O. Ogbedeh ◽  
T. T. Epidi ◽  
S. A. Dialoke ◽  
B. O. Bosah ◽  
C. A. Emenyonu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
High Water ◽  
Field Investigation ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Southeastern Nigeria ◽  
Questionnaire Administration ◽  
Cassava Production ◽  
Selection Of

The field investigation was conducted in 2015 in four selected Agricultural zones of Owerri, Southeastern Nigeria namely Ezinnihite Mbaise (Zone 1), Owerri North (Zone 2), Mbaitoli (Zone 3) and Owerri West (Zone 4). A random selection of thirty cassava farmers from each of the study areas was made. The sample size was made up of a total of one hundred and twenty (120) respondents. Data were collected through structural questionnaire administration to the respondents on the four selected zones and were analyzed using Descriptive Statistics such as the use of Percentages, Frequencies and Means. Result indicates that majority of the respondents sampled in this study practiced mounding for their cassava production. Also greater proportion of them (respondents) claimed that apart from other known endemic pests like grasshopper, mealybug, green mites etc., termite poses greater threat to their cassava farm. However, highest cassava yield occurred in areas where mounds and/or ridges were practiced. In view of the prevailing high water table of the sampled areas, farmers are advised to continue with the practice of mounding and/or ridging for their cassava production.

Pro-vitamin A carotenoids stability and bioaccessibility from elite selection of biofortified cassava roots (Manihot esculenta, Crantz) processed to traditional flours and porridges

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 4822-4835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid J. Aragón ◽  
Hernán Ceballos ◽  
Dominique Dufour ◽  
Mario G. Ferruzzi
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Thermal Processing ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Processing Effects ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Elite Selection ◽  
Selection Of

The effects of fermentation and thermal processing on the stability and bioaccessibility of pVAC from elite selections of biofortified cassava roots were assessed to determine the potential for genotype x processing effects.

CONCENTRADO PROTEICO OBTIDO DAS FOLHAS DE MANDIOCA (Manihot esculenta Crantz) DE TRÊS VARIEDADES COMERCIAIS.

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Izabel Aparecida Soares ◽  
Mauro Sérgio Téo ◽  
Carlise DEBASTIANI ◽  
Suzymeire BARONI ◽  
Vanessa Silva RETUCI
Keyword(s):  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Hydrocyanic Acid ◽  
Protein Concentrate ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
White Variety ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

O trabalho teve por objetivo verificar diferenças entre rendimento do concentrado proteico e proteína bruta da folha da mandioca (Manihot esculenta Crantz), obtidos a partir de três variedades comerciais: branca, cascuda e vermelha. As manivas foram plantadas seguindo o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado com três repetições. Nas comparações entre as variedades, considerou coletas escalonadas pós-plantio, realizadas aos 12, 14 e 16 meses. O concentrado proteico foi obtido a partir da farinha das folhas inteiras e submetido ao método de termo - coagulação ácido e a proteína bruta pelo método padrão AOAC. Os dados foram submetidos a análise de variância e comparados pelo teste de Tukey - 5% de probabilidade. Os resultados não indicaram diferença significativa entre as médias obtidas para rendimento de concentrado proteico. Para a variável porcentagem de proteína bruta a variedade Branca foi a que apresentou maior valor, com média de 46,25%, seguida pela Cascuda e Vermelha, 44,52% e 37,30%, sucessivamente. Conclui-se que outros estudos devem avaliar condições que possam influenciar no teor de proteína foliar, como clima e solo, e, avaliar os níveis de ácido cianídrico de cada variedade, indicando qual das três é a melhor para a extração do concentrado proteico das folhas. Palavras chaves: Manihot esculenta Crantz, variedades comerciais, concentrado proteico, proteína bruta. ABSTRACT: The study aimed to assess the differences between income protein concentrate, crude protein of cassava leaf (Manihot esculenta Crantz), obtained from three commercial varieties: white, red and cascuda. The cuttings were planted following the completely randomized design with three replications. Comparisons between the varieties considered after planting staggered collections, held on 12, 14 and 16 months. The protein concentrate was obtained from flour of whole sheets and subjected to the term method - acid coagulation and crude protein by AOAC standard method. The data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey test - 5% probability. The results indicated no significant difference between the mean values obtained for protein concentrate income. For the variable percentage of crude protein White variety showed the highest, with an average of 46.25%, followed by cascuda and Red, 44.52% and 37.30%, successively. We conclude that further studies should evaluate conditions that may affect the leaf protein content, such as climate and soil, and evaluate the hydrocyanic acid levels of each variety, indicating which of the three is the best for the extraction of protein concentrate from leaves Key words: Manihot esculenta Crantz, commercial varieties, protein concentrate, crude protein.

MODELAGEM DA CINÉTICA DE SECAGEM EM FÉCULAS DE MANDIOCA (MANIHOT ESCULENTA CRANTZ)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barros Sâmela Leal ◽  
Santos Newton Carlos ◽  
Araújo Thaís Jaciane ◽  
Melo Mylena Olga Pessoa ◽  
Nascimento Amanda Priscila Silva
Keyword(s):  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz
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