Relationship of the Frequency of the Symmetric Stretching Vibration of the Bond of Group II–IV Metal Ions with Water Molecules and Thermodynamic Functions of Aqua Ion Formation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. P. Mikhailov
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ions ◽  
Thermodynamic Functions ◽  
Water Molecules ◽  
Ion Formation ◽  
Stretching Vibration ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Relationship Of

Substituent effects on the thermodynamic functions of ionization of metasubstituted anilinium ions

1968 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 939 ◽  
Author(s):  
PD Bolton ◽  
FM Hall
Keyword(s):  
Linear Function ◽  
Thermodynamic Functions ◽  
Substituent Effects ◽  
Negative Slope ◽  
Hammett Equation ◽  
Reaction Parameter ◽  
Reaction Series ◽  
Acidity Constants ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Relationship Of

Thermodynamic acidity constants of the meta-methoxyanilinium, meta- chloroanilinium, meta-bromoanilinium, and meta-iodoanilinium ions have been measured spectrophotometrically over the temperature range 5-50� and those of the meta-nitroanilinium ion over the temperature range 5-60�. The thermodynamic functions of ionization, ΔG25, ΔH25, ΔS25, and ΔCp,25, have also been calculated for each ion. For a series of seven meta-substituted anilinium ions the acidity constants show close obedience to the Hammett equation over the temperature range 10-50� with the reaction parameter p being a precise linear function of 1/T. The same reaction series also shows a well-defined isoequilibrium relationship of negative slope.

scholarly journals Thermal, atmospheric and ionospheric anomalies around the time of the Colima M7.8 earthquake of 21 January 2003

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 835-849 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Pulinets ◽  
D. Ouzounov ◽  
L. Ciraolo ◽  
R. Singh ◽  
G. Cervone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latent Heat ◽  
Strong Earthquake ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Water Molecules ◽  
Electron Content ◽  
Atmospheric Parameters ◽  
Main Attention ◽  
Total Electron ◽  
Surface Latent Heat Flux ◽  
Relationship Of

Abstract. The paper examines the possible relationship of anomalous variations of different atmospheric and ionospheric parameters observed around the time of a strong earthquake (Mw 7.8) which occurred in Mexico (state of Colima) on 21 January 2003. These variations are interpreted within the framework of the developed model of the Lithosphere-Atmosphere-Ionosphere coupling. The main attention is focused on the processes in the near ground layer of the atmosphere involving the ionization of air by radon, the water molecules' attachment to the formed ions, and the corresponding changes in the latent heat. Model considerations are supported by experimental measurements showing the local diminution of air humidity one week prior to the earthquake, accompanied by the anomalous thermal infrared (TIR) signals and surface latent heat flux (SLHF) and anomalous variations of the total electron content (TEC) registered over the epicenter of the impending earthquake three days prior to the main earthquake event. Statistical processing of the data of the GPS receivers network, together with various other atmospheric parameters demonstrate the possibility of an early warning of an impending strong earthquake.

Structural Systematics of 2/4-Nitrophenoxide Complexes of Closed-Shell Metal Ions. VI 4-Nitrophenoxides of Group 2

1998 ◽  
Vol 51 (8) ◽  
pp. 775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack M. Harrowfield ◽  
Raj Pal Sharma ◽  
Brian W. Skelton ◽  
Paloth Venugopalam ◽  
Allan H. White
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ions ◽  
Closed Shell ◽  
Water Molecules ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Phenolic Oxygen ◽  
C 23 ◽  
Structure Determinations ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Coordinated Water ◽  
Oxygen Atoms

Room-temperature single-crystal X-ray structure determinations are recorded for 4-nitrophenolate (4-np-) salts of Group 2 metal ions, variously hydrated, M(4-np)2.xH2O, M = Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba. Mg(4-np)2.8H2 O is monoclinic, P21/c, a 12·402(3), b 6·673(7), c 11·833(6) Å, β 93·70(3)°, Z = 2; conventional R on |F| was 0·041 for No 1995 independent ‘observed’ (I > 3σ(I)) reflections. Ca(4-np)2.4H2O is monoclinic, P21/c, a 13·109(8), b 3·644(1), c 21·181(8) Å, β 125·55(3)°, Z= 2, R 0·050 for No 1371. Sr(4-np)2.8H2O is monoclinic, P21/n, a 7·934(1), b 10·658(1), c 23·602(2) Å, β 91·36(1)°, Z = 4, R 0·038 for No 2050. Ba(4-np)2.8H2O is monoclinic P21/c, a 15·990(8), b 6·337(3), c 25·634(8) Å, β 126·1(3)°, Z = 4, R 0·021 for No 3115. The magnesium salt is ionic with [Mg(OH2)6]2+ cations and interleaved anion stacks up b. The calcium salt is a one-dimensional polymer with ... Ca(µ-O)2Ca(µ-O)2Ca ... spine, the bridges being phenolic oxygen atoms.trans-Coordinated water molecules make up six-coordination about the calcium, the anion planes stacking at the b spacing. The strontium adduct is also a one-dimensional polymer with a similar spine, but with water molecule oxygen atoms bridging, the nine-coordinate strontium environment being made up by a chelating nitro group and three unidentate water molecules. Coordinated anions stacked up a are interleaved by free anions. The barium salt is simply [Ba(4-np)(OH2)8]+ (4-np-), the ligand anion (semi)chelated through the nitro pair of oxygen atoms, again with interleaving anion/ligand stacking.

Structural Systematics of 2/4-Nitrophenoxide Complexes of Closed-Shell Metal Ions. V 2-Nitrophenoxides of Group 2

1998 ◽  
Vol 51 (8) ◽  
pp. 761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack M. Harrowfield ◽  
Raj Pal Sharma ◽  
Brian W. Skelton ◽  
Allan H. White
Keyword(s):  
Water Molecule ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Closed Shell ◽  
Magnesium Salt ◽  
Water Molecules ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Group 2

Room-temperature single-crystal X-ray studies are recorded for 2-nitrophenoxide salts of Group 2 metals, variously hydrated M(2-np)2.xH2O, M = Mg, Ca, Sr; the structure of the barium analogue has been previously recorded. Mg(2-np)2.2H2O is monoclinic, P21/a, a 7·377(1), b 7·518(1), c 12·877(3) Å, β 106·58(2)°, Z = 2; conventional R on |F| 0·13 for No 508 independent ‘observed’ (I > 3σ(I)) reflections. Ca(2-np)2.H2O is monoclinic, C2, a 25·92(1), b 7·176(3), c 3·660(4) Å, β 93·66(5)°, Z = 2, R 0·061 for No 541. M(2-np)2.4H2O, M = Ca, Sr, are isomorphous, monoclinic, C2/c, a ≈ 31·3, b ≈ 8·1, c ≈ 12·8 Å, β 103°, Z = 8; R was 0·056, 0·055 forNo 1988, 1744 respectively. The magnesium salt is a discrete molecular array disposed about a crystallographic inversion centre with chelating phenoxide ligands: trans-[Mg(2-np)2(OH2)2]. The calcium monohydrate salt is a novel one-dimensional polymer with a ... Ca(µ-O)2Ca(µ-O)2Ca ... spine, the ligand pairs chelating the calcium with phenoxide-O additionally bridging. The seven-coordinate calcium atoms lie on the crystallographic 2 axis with the water molecule, also on that axis, making up a seven-coordinate environment. The tetrahydrate is also a one-dimensional polymer with a similar spine, the bridging oxygen atoms derivative of water molecules. A chelating ligand and two further water molecules make up an eight-coordinate metal environment, with the free anions interleaving stacks of coordinated anions up c.

scholarly journals Relationship of Flower Color Parameters and Metal Ions of Petal Tissue in Fully Opened Flowers of Gerbera

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Razieh Akbari ◽  
Abdollah Hatamzadeh ◽  
Reyhaneh Sariri ◽  
Davoud Bakhshi
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ions ◽  
Flower Color ◽  
Color Parameters ◽  
Relationship Of

Binding of metal ions and water molecules to nucleic acid bases: the influence of water molecule coordination to a metal ion on water–nucleic acid base hydrogen bonds

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-309
Author(s):  
Jelena M. Andrić ◽  
Ivana M. Stanković ◽  
Snežana D. Zarić
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Hydrogen Bonds ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Quantum Chemical Calculations ◽  
Quantum Chemical ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Water Molecules ◽  
Nucleic Acid Bases ◽  
Coordinated Water

The interactions of nucleic acid bases with non-coordinated and coordinated water molecules were studied by analyzing data in the Protein Data Bank (PDB) and by quantum chemical calculations. The analysis of the data in the crystal structures from the PDB indicates that hydrogen bonds involving oxygen or nitrogen atoms of nucleic acid bases and water molecules are shorter when water is bonded to a metal ion. These results are in agreement with the quantum chemical calculations on geometries and interaction energies of hydrogen bonds; the calculations on model systems show that hydrogen bonds of nucleic acid bases with water bonded to a metal ion are stronger than hydrogen bonds with non-coordinated water. These calculated values are similar to the strength of hydrogen bonds between nucleic acid bases. The results presented in this paper may be relevant to understand the role of water molecules and metal ions in the process of replication and stabilization of nucleic acids and also to understand the possible toxicity of metal ion interactions with nucleic acids.

Transition Metal Squarates, II On the Structure of Cubic (MC4O4·2H2O)3CH3COOH·H2O(M=Zn2+,Ni2+)[1]

1986 ◽  
Vol 41 (11) ◽  
pp. 1329-1332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armin Weiss ◽  
Eugen Riegler ◽  
Christian Robl
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bonding ◽  
Transition Metal ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Water Molecules ◽  
Framework Structure ◽  
Space Group ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Monodentate Ligands ◽  
Oxygen Atoms

Abstract The isotypic compounds (MC4O4·2 H2O)3·CH3COOH·H2O(M=Zn2+,Ni2+) crystallize in the cubic space group Pn3n. The 3-dimensional framework structure contains cavities, which may be filled with CH3COOH · H2O . The metal ions are coordinated almost octahedrally by two water molecules and four oxygen atoms of four C4O42- dianions. Thus the squarate dianions act as fourfold monodentate ligands. Strong hydrogen bonding between H2O and C4O42- has to be assumed.

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