Perceived Parental Emotional Warmth and Prosocial Behaviors among Emerging Adults: Personal Belief in a Just World and Gratitude as Mediators

We reported a questionnaire dataset accumulated from the revision of a Chinese version of Free Will and Determinism Scale Plus (FAD+). In this dataset, we collected data from 1232 participants. The questionnaires used in data collection included the FAD+ and 13 other widely-used questionnaires or tests (for example, the Big Five In-ventory, the Multidimensional Locus of Control, Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale, the General and Personal Belief in a Just World Scale, the Chinese Disgust Sensitivity Scale, the Moral Identity Questionnaire, the Moral Self-Image Scale). The sample size for these questionnaires are different, ranging from 33 to 1100. Our preliminary analysis revealed that scores of these scales are reliable (Cronbach's alpha: .52 ~ .85, McDonald’s omega: .63 ~ .90). These data can be used for both research and educa-tional purposes, e.g., examining cultural differences and measurement invariance on belief in free will, locus of control, belief in just world. All data, together with their codebooks and manipulation code, are available at osf.io/t2nsw/

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Are victims also judged more positively if they say their lives are just?

Psicologia ◽

10.17575/rpsicol.v29i2.1064 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 71-80 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hélder Vinagreiro Alves ◽

Mariana Mello Breyner ◽

Sílvia Fontinha Nunes ◽

Bruno Diogo Pereira ◽

Luís Filipe Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Desirability ◽

Market Value ◽

Social Value ◽

Social Utility ◽

Just World ◽

Innocent Victim ◽

Personal Belief ◽

Affective Value ◽

Low X ◽

Study Participants

Non-victims who express high versus low personal belief in a just world (PBJW) are judged as having more social value, both social utility (i.e., market value) and social desirability (i.e., affective value). Our goal was to test whether this pattern differed when the targets were presented as innocent or non-innocent victims of enduring suffering. A hundred and eighty-six participants of both sexes took part in our 2 (degree of PBJW expressed: high/low) X 3 (Target identity: innocent victim/ non-innocent victim/ non-victim) between-subjects experimental study. Participants rated the targets on four measures: positive/negative social utility/desirability. Targets were judged more positively and less negatively if they expressed high versus low PBJW, regardless of their being non-victims or (non-)innocent victims. This pattern is taken as further evidence that the expression of high PBJW is a judgment norm, that is, a socially valued discourse irrespective of it being true or untrue.

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Cognitive and Affective Empathy, Personal Belief in a Just World, and Bullying Among Offenders

Journal of Interpersonal Violence ◽

10.1177/0886260515593300 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 32 (17) ◽

pp. 2591-2604 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Belén López-Pérez ◽

Yaniv Hanoch ◽

Kayleigh Holt ◽

Michaela Gummerum

Keyword(s):

Positive Attitude ◽

Intervention Programs ◽

Affective Empathy ◽

Just World ◽

Is Research ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

Personal Belief ◽

Positive Attitudes ◽

The Relationship ◽

Male Prisoners

Bullying extracts a heavy toll on offenders and prison staff alike. Studying what factors may affect bullying is extremely important as this may help to minimize bullying in prison. Although there is research on the relationship between lack of empathy and positive attitude toward bullying, previous research has overlooked that age may influence this relationship. In fact, previous research has shown that there are changes in empathy across the life span. Therefore, we examined whether having a positive attitude toward bullying in offenders was predicted by age, mediated by cognitive/affective empathy. Another important factor in the prediction of positive attitudes toward bullying may be the belief in a just world, as having a weak belief is related to more aggressive outbursts. Given that there is scarce research in the topic, we examined the relationship between having a positive attitude toward bullying and personal belief in a just world. To that aim, 123 sentenced adult male prisoners, selected from a Category C prison in the United Kingdom completed different questionnaires to assess their levels of cognitive and affective empathy, positive attitude toward bullying, and personal belief in a just world. As expected, age predicted a positive attitude toward bullying, mediated by affective empathy. However, we did not find a positive relationship between a positive attitude toward bullying and a personal belief in a just world. The results are discussed in terms of their application in possible intervention programs.

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Belief in a Just World and Moral Personality as Mediating Roles Between Parenting Emotional Warmth and Internet Altruistic Behavior

Frontiers in Psychology ◽

10.3389/fpsyg.2021.670373 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Ye Zhang ◽

Liang Chen ◽

Yumeng Xia

Keyword(s):

College Students ◽

Personality Traits ◽

Mediating Effect ◽

Altruistic Behavior ◽

Just World ◽

Personal Belief ◽

Moral Personality ◽

Total Influence

This study explores the influence of parental emotional warmth (PEW) on college students’ Internet altruistic behavior (IAB), and the mediating roles of personal belief in a just world (PBJW) and positive moral personality traits (PMPT). A total of 893 college students were assessed using questionnaires. Results: (1) PEW, PBJW, PMPT, and IAB are positively correlated with each other; (2) PEW can directly predict the IAB of college students; and (3) PEW can indirectly predict IAB through the mediating effect of PMPT and PBJW-PMPT. PBJW and PMPT account for 22.79% of the total influence of PEW on IAB.

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Validation of the General and Personal Belief in a Just World scales in Iran and Their Relations to Perceived Threat of Kin Favoritism

10.31219/osf.io/34q62 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mehdi Mikani ◽

Parisa Rafiee ◽

Matthias Donat

Keyword(s):

Convergent Validity ◽

Dark Triad ◽

Self Report ◽

Perceived Threat ◽

Just World ◽

General Belief ◽

Structure Reliability ◽

Personal Belief ◽

Robust Measures ◽

Negative Predictor

People possess a pre-conscious need to believe in the existence of justice in the world. This belief in a just world (BJW) is usually measured with self-report scales. Dalbert et al. (1987) and Dalbert (1999) have developed the general belief in a just world (GBJW) and personal belief in a just world (PBJW) scales as psychometrically robust measures of just-world beliefs. We conducted three studies to demonstrate the validity of the Persian versions of belief in a just world scales and the importance of distinguishing between GBJW and PBJW. First, we confirmed the factor structure. reliability, convergent validity (self-esteem, life satisfaction, and religiosity), and divergent validity (big five personalityfactors and dark triad traits) of GBJW and PBJW using Iranian participants (N1 = 454). Second, the associations of GBJW and PBJW with perceived threat of unjust behavior directed to self or others were assessed using two scenario-based studies (N2 = 81, N3 = 71) in the context of kin favoritism. While GBJW negatively predicted perceived threat of kin favoritism directed to others, PBJW was a negative predictor of perceived threat of kin favoritism directed to self. Consistent with theoretical assumptions, perceived likelihood of punishment mediated these associations. In addition to providing further evidence for the differentiation between GBJW and PBJW, the findings of Study 2 and 3 also support the idea of an optimistic bias towards self by showing that people perceived less threat of kin favoritism when others, rather than themselves, were potential victims of injustice.

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