Cognitive and Affective Empathy, Personal Belief in a Just World, and Bullying Among Offenders

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (17) ◽  
pp. 2591-2604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Belén López-Pérez ◽  
Yaniv Hanoch ◽  
Kayleigh Holt ◽  
Michaela Gummerum
Keyword(s):  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Intervention Programs ◽  
Affective Empathy ◽  
Just World ◽  
Is Research ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Personal Belief ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Male Prisoners

Bullying extracts a heavy toll on offenders and prison staff alike. Studying what factors may affect bullying is extremely important as this may help to minimize bullying in prison. Although there is research on the relationship between lack of empathy and positive attitude toward bullying, previous research has overlooked that age may influence this relationship. In fact, previous research has shown that there are changes in empathy across the life span. Therefore, we examined whether having a positive attitude toward bullying in offenders was predicted by age, mediated by cognitive/affective empathy. Another important factor in the prediction of positive attitudes toward bullying may be the belief in a just world, as having a weak belief is related to more aggressive outbursts. Given that there is scarce research in the topic, we examined the relationship between having a positive attitude toward bullying and personal belief in a just world. To that aim, 123 sentenced adult male prisoners, selected from a Category C prison in the United Kingdom completed different questionnaires to assess their levels of cognitive and affective empathy, positive attitude toward bullying, and personal belief in a just world. As expected, age predicted a positive attitude toward bullying, mediated by affective empathy. However, we did not find a positive relationship between a positive attitude toward bullying and a personal belief in a just world. The results are discussed in terms of their application in possible intervention programs.

scholarly journals The Influence of Sex Appeal on Consumers Attitude toward the Ads Moderated by Product Factors

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 250-258
Author(s):  
Aji Cahya Nusantara ◽  
Budhi Haryanto
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Attitudes Toward Advertising ◽  
Product Factor ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Auto Regression

This study wants to examine the relationship between sex appeal and attitude towards the ads, and more than, this study also wants to examine the role of product factors in moderating the relationship of this two variables. Experimental design is done to control the relation among the variables observed in this study. The participants consist of 100 males’ undergraduate students of Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta-Indonesia, who are divided into 4 groups. Generalized Auto Regression Conditional Hetero-regressive (GARCH) is statistical method chosen to analysis the data. The results showed that sex appeal is an effective stimulus affects the individual positive attitude toward an advertisement. As well as product factor is another stimulus, which effectively influence positive attitudes toward advertising. But in this study also found that the product factor is not moderate the relationship between sex appeal and positive attitude toward advertising. In addition to this study also discusses the implications of both theoretical and practical, as well as the limitations of the study.

How does the type of product moderate consumers’ buying intentions towards traditional foods? (Study of consumer behavior in Indonesia)

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 525-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Budhi Haryanto ◽  
Djoko Purwanto ◽  
Amina Sukma Dewi ◽  
Edi Cahyono
Keyword(s):  
Product Quality ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Structural Equations ◽  
Product Type ◽  
Snack Food ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Traditional Foods ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose This paper aims to explain the relationship between product quality, price and convenience with a positive attitude and intention to buy traditional food. In addition, it also aims to explain the role of the product type in moderating the relationship between these variables. Design/methodology/approach Samples were taken non-randomly, consisting of 500 snack food buyers and 500 restaurant food buyers. Some of the places chosen for sampling include Paragon Mall, Solo Grand Mall, Matahari Mall, Hartono Mall or other places in Surakarta-Indonesia, where people spend time relaxing. Furthermore, multiple structural equations model (multi group SEM) is a statistical method used to explain the relationship between the conceptual variables. Findings Some of the findings are as follows: before the product as a moderator, price and quality are the variables that influence the positive attitude and the intention to buy, while the convenience is the variable found not affecting both the positive attitude and the intention to buy. After the product type as a moderator, for snacks, the test results indicate that the price, product quality and convenience are the variables that affect the positive attitude but do not affect the intention to buy. For restaurant food, test results indicate that only prices and qualities affect positive attitudes, whereas convenience is found not to affect positive attitudes. Furthermore, only price and quality affect the intention to buy, while convenience is found not to affect the intention to buy. Originality/value This paper underlines that the type of product is a moderating variable in the buying behavior process of traditional foods. Regarding its role as a moderator variable, the relationships between variables that are conceptualized can be explained in detail, along with their significance.

scholarly journals Students’ Personal Belief in a Just World, Well-Being, and Academic Cheating: A Cross-National Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 428-453
Author(s):  
Susan Münscher ◽  
Matthias Donat ◽  
Gözde Kiral Ucar
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
University Students ◽  
School Context ◽  
National Study ◽  
Just World ◽  
Academic Cheating ◽  
Personal Belief ◽  
Cross National Study ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cross National

Abstract A cross-national study with university students from Germany (n = 1135) and Turkey (n = 634) tested whether personal belief in a just world (PBJW) predicts students’ life satisfaction and academic cheating. Based on the just-world theory and empirical findings in the school context, we expected university students with a stronger personal BJW to be more satisfied with their lives and cheat less than those with a weaker BJW. Further, we investigated the mediating role of justice experiences with lecturers and fellow students in these relations. Differences in PBJW directly and indirectly predicted undergraduates’ life satisfaction. Students’ justice experiences with peers mediated the relationship between PBJW and life satisfaction. Differences in PBJW indirectly predicted undergraduates’ academic cheating. Students’ justice experiences with lecturers mediated the relationship between PBJW and academic cheating. The results did not differ between German and Turkish students and persisted when we controlled for gender, start of studies, socially desirable responding, general BJW, and self-efficacy. We discussed the importance of personal BJW’s adaptive functions and their relevance for international university research and practice.

The Relationship Between Attitudinal and Behavioral Measures of Sex Preference

1979 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 274-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norma Calway-Fagen ◽  
Barbara Strudler Wallston ◽  
Harris Gabel
Keyword(s):  
Women's Movement ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Behavioral Measure ◽  
Behavioral Measures ◽  
Male Preference ◽  
Sex Preference ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Questionnaire Measure ◽  
The Relationship

This study examined the relationship between an attitudal and a behavioral measure of sex preference for offspring. In addition to looking at the relationship between these measures, their relationship to other variables was also investigated. Pregnant women and their spouses (N = 56) responded to a questionnaire measure of sex preference, a behavioral measure of sex preference, Bem's Sex Role Inventory, and the Attitudes Towards Women Scale. The behavioral and questionnaire measures of sex preference were significantly related, indicating that in the area of preferred sex of firstborn children, attitudinal measures appear to be highly related to behavioral measures. Contrary to prediction, androgynous and nonandrogynous persons did not differ significantly on preferred sex of child. However, persons with a more positive attitude toward women's movement ideology showed significantly less male preference than persons with less positive attitudes toward women's movement ideology.

scholarly journals Studying the Relationship between Workplace Incivility and Employees’ Job Positive Attitude in Rafsanjan Tejarat Banks

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 216
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ziaddini ◽  
Hamid Mohammadi
Keyword(s):  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Workplace Incivility ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
Spearman Correlation ◽  
Statistical Software ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Meaningful Relationship ◽  
Statistical Sample ◽  
The Relationship

Workplace Incivility is one of negative and deviational behaviors involved in present organizations and can affect on employees’ attitudes. This research aims to study the relationship between Workplace Incivility and employees’ job positive attitude in Rafsanjan Tejarat banks. Statistical society of the research includes employed employees of Rafsanjan Tejarat banks containing 152 people and regarding limitation of statistical society, statistical sample is selected equal to statistical society. Measuring instruments are two questionnaires. Questionnaire of discourtesy behavior that was designed and organized by Hasani (2013) is 0.92. Also to measure job positive attitudes, standard questionnaire of Saeedi (2012) is used for which validity is 0.98. Using Cronbach alpha method reliabilities for every questionnaire are 0.87 and 0.94 respectively. To test hypotheses Kendal and Spearman correlation coefficients are used. All statistical analyses are done by SPSS statistical software. Regarding the results it is determined that there is no meaningful relationship between Workplace Incivility and its components ( excluding others, gossiping, roughness and hostility) with employees’ job positive attitudes in Rafsanjan Tejarat banks.

scholarly journals Personal Belief in a Just World and Self – Compassion as Predictors of Body Appreciation in Individuals with Amputation Using and not Using Prosthesis

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farhat-ul-Ain , ◽  
Iram Fatima
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Body Appreciation ◽  
Just World ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Personal Resource ◽  
Self Compassion ◽  
Personal Belief ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Compassion Scale

Objectives:  To investigate the relationship of personal belief in just world self – compassion with body appreciation in individuals with amputation who use prosthesis and in those who do not use prosthesis.Methods:  A sample of 78 individuals using prosthesis and not using prosthesis (n = 39 each) was selected. Cross – sectional research design was used. Urdu translated version of Personal Belief in Just World Scale (PBJW), Self – Compassion Scale and Body Appreciation Scale were used. Moderated regression analysis was used to assess if personal belief in just world and self – compassion predict body appreciation similarly or differently in the two groups using SPSS 20.Results:  Among individuals with amputation using prosthesis were 30 (76.9%) men and 9(23.1%) women while among 39 individuals not using prosthesis were 30 (76.9%) men and 9 (23.1%) women. Age of individuals with amputation using and not using prosthesis was, M = 37.10, SD = 14.30 and M = 39.13, SD = 14.14 respectively. Duration of amputation of those using and not using prosthesis in years was M = 6.10, SD = 7.74 and M = 8.35, SD = 11.82 respectively. Duration of use of prosthesis in years was M = 3.29, SD = 3.86. Personal belief in just world positively predicted body appreciation in both groups. Self – compassion predicted body appreciation only in individuals with amputation using prosthesis. Individuals using prosthesis had better body appreciation than those not using prosthesis.Conclusion:  Use of prosthesis helps in body appreciation of individuals with amputation. Over and above the use of prosthesis, personal belief in a just world is a personal resource that plays its role in maintaining body appreciation. However, Self – compassion aids in body appreciation among individuals with amputation using prosthesis.

Counselor Attitude Toward Disabled Persons and Client Program Completion: A Pilot Study

1976 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Conrad C. Krauft ◽  
Stanford E. Rubin ◽  
Daniel W. Cook ◽  
Jerold D. Bozarth
Keyword(s):  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Disabled Persons ◽  
Program Completion ◽  
Rehabilitation Outcome ◽  
Counselor Attitudes ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
The Disabled ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Client Program

Discussions of attitudes toward the disabled have suggested that counselor attitude toward disability may affect client rehabilitation outcome. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of counselor attitudes toward the disabled and client rehabilitation success. Counselors who held more positive attitudes toward the disabled experienced greater success than less positive counselors when working with clients perceived to have those disabilities most different from the able-bodied. Characteristics which differentiated the more and less positive attitude counselors are given. Discussion and implications of the findings are presented.

scholarly journals Aggression and Belief in a Just World Among Adolescents from Belarus and Ukraine: A Comparative Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 150-179
Author(s):  
P.M. Larionov ◽  
E.K. Ageenkova ◽  
V.S. Smeyan
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Just World ◽  
General Belief ◽  
Personal Belief ◽  
The World ◽  
Aggression Questionnaire ◽  
Culture Of Violence ◽  
The Relationship

In connection with the spread of a culture of violence in modern society the problem of aggressive behavior of adolescents takes on new impetus. For a comprehensive consideration of this problem, one should take into account not only the intrapersonal and interpersonal aspects of the personality relations system, but also its relations with the world, which can be expressed in the two forms of the belief in a just world — general belief in a just world and personal belief in a just world. 70 Belarusian and 109 Ukrainian adolescents completed two questionnaires: the Buss–Perry Aggression Questionnaire and the Just World Scale by C. Dalbert. It was found that Belarusian adolescents are characterized by lower aggression compared to Ukrainian ones. The relationship between aggression and the two forms of belief in a just world (general and personal belief in a just world) is negative among Belarusians and Ukrainian adolescents. Belarusian and Ukrainian adolescents on average believe that the world is “rather fair”. This indicates a similar view of the world among adolescents in both cultures.

scholarly journals Group 6: The Relationship of Labour and Employment Research and Policy

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jim Lennon ◽  
Jacques Poot ◽  
Dennis Rose ◽  
Shipley Susan ◽  
Ross Tanner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Market Research ◽  
Full Employment ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Is Research ◽  
Long Period ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Data Limitations ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Research And Policy

This group noted that labour market research has not been given high priority in New Zealand. We have no institutions analogous to those in Australia and the United Kingdom whose prime research objective is research into labour markets and employment. New Zealand's neglect probably stems from the long period of full employment. Research is also inhibited by data limitations including, most notably, the absence of a labour force survey. There is a need to develop longitudinal survey material.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document