scholarly journals R&D Investments in Markets with Network Effects

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Knauff ◽  
Adam Karbowski
Keyword(s):  
Network Effects ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Innovation Policy ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Product Compatibility

AbstractWe consider process R&D investments of firms in markets with network effects and incomplete product compatibility. Our results indicate that network effects increase the firms’ individual investments in R&D. The presence of network effects weakens the positive impact of R&D cooperation on firms’ R&D investments. Further, we show that R&D competition can bring socially optimal level of investment, and this is not possible in markets without network effects. Finally, our results suggest that innovation policy oriented at promoting R&D cooperation between enterprises can be counterproductive in markets with network effects and incomplete product compatibility.

scholarly journals Toolkit for Strategic Analysis of the Agricultural Sector Development in a Market Environment

2020 ◽  
pp. 107-113
Author(s):  
Nataliia Sirenko ◽  
◽  
Kateryna Mikulyak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Balanced Scorecard ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Innovation Policy ◽  
Fund Raising ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Strategic Analysis ◽  
Market Environment ◽  
State Support

The rapid deployment of global globalization processes, the intensification of competition, the active advancement of Ukraine on the path of European integration have a decisive influence on the economic and social development of the agricultural sector. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the toolkit for strategic analysis of the of Ukraine's agricultural sector development in a market environment. Strategic analysis tools with the use of balanced scorecard, PEST analysis and economic and mathematical modeling have been defined. The tools included in the system of balanced indices (investment return, fund return, fund-raising and productivity in agriculture) were analyzed and the state of development of the agricultural sector was assessed. Opportunities and threats to the development of the agrarian sector are identified by means of PEST analysis (political, economic, social and technological factors) with the use of expert assessments and the model of influence of factors (volume of capital investments, amount of expenditures of general and special fund and indirect state support) on the key indicator of development is the volume of agrarian gross domestic product. It was established that the volume of agrarian gross domestic product is most influenced by the amount of indirect state support (due to the special VAT regime of activity in the field of agriculture, forestry and fisheries, as well as fisheries and at the expense of a fixed agricultural tax (of the fourth group single tax)). The strategic guidelines for the development of the agricultural sector in the market environment are regulations that successfully combine the key principles of financial and innovation policy for material support and modernization of agricultural production. Adoption of such documents will have a positive impact on agricultural GDP growth as a strategic development goal of agricultural sector.

scholarly journals Sense of Ownership Realization in Social Practices: Prospects for Research and Practical Application

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Social Practices ◽  
Research Development ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Sense Of Ownership ◽  
The Impact

The article considers the directions of further research development on the implementation of a sense of ownership in various spheres of life and social practices of an individual. It is shown that in addition to the positive impact, the feeling of ownership has its negative side. This raises the question of formation optimal level and manifestation of ownership, what negative and positive consequences an excessive manifestation of ownership can have, what a violation or immaturity of ownership can lead to. It is determined that most research on the psychological nature of property focuses on its individual manifestation. However, it requires a detailed study, including the empirical, how the collective sense of ownership differs from individual and collective and whether it contributes to the effectiveness of collective action. The issue of the impact of new forms of consumption on the living sense of ownership and the attentiveness of intangible property, especially in the conditions of virtual reality, is raised separately. Prospects for further scientific research and possible areas of practical application of the developed author's concept of an ownership sense realization in social practices are outlined. Based on a critical analysis of existing empirical research and reflective consideration, the following areas of further research are proposed: manifestation of material things ownership, territory, money, social relations, own body, virtual environment, civic sphere, as well as opportunities to use the data in both individual and group psychotherapeutic work, counseling and coaching. The necessity of introducing a scientifically substantiated concept into the daily practice of psychologists-practitioners is substantiated.

scholarly journals Research of the synergetic Effects of the Impact of Innovative and Related Macroeconomic Factors on Economic Growth

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 98-109
Author(s):  
B. D. Matrizaev
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Financial Development ◽  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Innovation Policy ◽  
Coordinated Development ◽  
Macroeconomic Factors ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Stable Growth ◽  
The Impact

This article examines the main mechanisms and tools for implementing innovation policy in countries with fastgrowing economies such as China and India. The study aims to explore the causal relationship between innovation, key macroeconomicvariables and economic growth.The author applies the entropy method and adapts the Graymodel to build a system of indices for assessing the coordination of the interaction of technological innovation, financial development and economic growth. The results show that the degree of integration of the financial system into innovation processes has a significant positive impact on the success of innovation, which is measured by patent activity. Our research proves that innovation indirectly affects economic growth through quality of life, infrastructure efficiency, employment, and rade openness. The findings of the research reveal that both economic growth and innovation tend to depend on a number of conjugate variables in the long run: capital, labor, etc. The author concludes that a comprehensive analysis of technological innovation, financial development and economic growth shows that the three-factor relationship has great potential for coordinated development, as a result of which, according to the calculated forecasts, economic growth in fast-growing economies will significantly accelerate its pace in the next five years. The subject of further research may be an analysis of whether the degree of conjugation of connectivity and coordination between the three systems will maintain stable growth at high values and whether they will be able to reach the stage of transformation.

scholarly journals Coordinating Demand and Supply for Crowd Logistics Platforms with Network Effect

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Wenjie Wang ◽  
Lei Xie
Keyword(s):  
Network Effects ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Network Effect ◽  
Pricing Strategy ◽  
Pricing Strategies ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Direct Network ◽  
Crowd Logistics

The crowd logistics platforms connect stochastic demand with uncertain delivery supply which is provided by independent service providers. Considering direct-network effects and cross-network effects between the demand and supply side, a dynamic surge pricing model for crowd logistics platforms is built. The pricing strategy is derived to coordinate the supply with demand to equilibrium. Furthermore, the pricing strategy minimizing cumulative delivery orders is analyzed. The numerical simulation results show that the dynamic surge pricing strategies can stimulate the uncertain delivery supply for maximizing platforms’ revenue. And, direct-network effects pose a positive impact on the dynamic surge pricing strategy. In contrast, the cross-network effects have a negative impact on the pricing strategy. However, direct-network effects and cross-network effects negatively influence platforms’ revenue.

scholarly journals Approaches to evaluating the effectiveness of investments in higher education

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 512-529
Author(s):  
Aleksander P. Tsypin ◽  
◽  
Anna A. Firsova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Innovation Policy ◽  
Social Progress ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Higher Education System ◽  
Per Capita

Introduction. The role of the importance of higher education in the formation of human capital as a strategic resource of social progress and sustainable development of the country determines the relevance of studies that allow assessing the interdetermination of education and economic growth. The purpose of the article is to identify approaches to assessing the effectiveness of investments in higher education and modeling their impact on the economic growth of post-Soviet countries. Materials and methods. The methodological basis of the study is testing the author's hypothesis and econometric modeling of the influence of macroeconomic indicators characterizing the state of the higher education system on the resulting indicator of gross domestic product per capita as an indicator of economic growth according to data from 15 post-Soviet countries. Methods of economic analysis, statistical and econometric methods were used. For empirical analysis, we used statistical data from the Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation, the World Bank, and the United Nations. Results. The research hypothesis about the positive impact of spending on higher education on the economic growth of the post-Soviet countries has been confirmed. The greatest response to GDP per capita is observed from the indicators "Spending on research and development" and "Admission of high school graduates to higher education". Prediction of the obtained models shows the possibility of a significant increase in GDP per capita with an increase in spending on higher education with a corresponding congruent development of the institutional environment of the post-Soviet countries. Taking into account the identified factors makes it possible to determine priorities for a balanced education and innovation policy in the post-Soviet countries. Conclusions. Empirically substantiated the need to increase investment in the higher education sector to accelerate economic growth and level economic inequality, which must be taken into account when implementing policies in the context of structural reforms in higher education in post-Soviet countries and determining the amount of investment in higher education.

Optimal Deployment of Charging Piles for Electric Vehicles Under the Indirect Network Effects

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (01) ◽  
pp. 1950007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shihui Tian ◽  
Guowei Hua ◽  
T. C. E. Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Network Effects ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Location Theory ◽  
Feedback Mechanism ◽  
General Situation ◽  
Adoption Decision ◽  
Indirect Network Effects ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Influence Process

It has been found that there is a close relationship between the popularization of electric vehicles and the deployment of the charging facilities, which provides either positive or negative feedback. Given the existence of the double feedback mechanism, namely the indirect network effects, we aim to quantify it by means of empirical research and mathematical modeling. We start with the decision equations, which consist of the consumer’s adoption decision equation and the charging-pile operator’s entrance decision equation. We quantify the influence process by analyzing the equilibrium state and critical equilibrium point. Compared with the general situation in which the scale of the charging piles is decided by the number of electric vehicles, we find that the decision that takes the indirect network effects into consideration has a great positive impact on the popularization of electric vehicles. Our findings shed light on the formulation of incentive policy and the charging-pile operator’s decision-making. We also apply location theory to address the issue of charging-pile points layout in practice.

Intensity And Effectiveness Of Media Usage Of Othello Props As A Learning Mediation For Mastery Of Operation Concept Build Space In Class V

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-168
Author(s):  
Dismawati Dismawati
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Teaching Mathematics ◽  
Visual Aids ◽  
Learning Condition ◽  
Media Usage ◽  
Instructional Objectives ◽  
Learning Conditions ◽  
Mathematical Problems ◽  
Broad Subject

For subjects whose instructional objectives are more skill-enhancing (psychomotor) such as mathematics subjects, visual aids are indispensable in the learning process. Any abstract concept in mathematics newly understood by a child needs immediate strengthening in order to settle, adhere and long lasting to be embedded in his own mindset and pattern of action (Ruseffendi 2003: 226). For this purpose it is necessary to learn through doing and understanding, not just memorize or remember facts that would be easily forgotten and difficult uniuk owned. As the phrase often expressed by the experts, that: I heard then I forget, I see then I know, I do then I understand.             That's why in the teaching of mathematics in elementary school (SD) is still required the use of props. As teachers we need to know the various props that can be used in teaching mathematics subjects, especially in teaching mathematics in elementary.             Mathematics subjects on the implementation should be pursued with conducive learning conditions in the sense of an active learning, creative, effective and even innovative. To create a conducive learning condition, there should be an effort to maximize the utilization of existing facilities and infrastructure, even if deemed necessary a teacher can make their own props needed. Mathematics lesson material can not only be conveyed through information or just rely on the formulas, but must be pursued a verification in an effort to avoid verbalism. Othello displays in mathematics lessons conducted at SDN 04 KOTO RANAH Subdistrict IV Nagari Bayang Utara Pesisir Selatan District Lesson Year 2015/2016 can be summarized as follows: In general, student achievement in SDN 04 Koto Ranah District IV Nagari Bayang Utara Pesisir Selatan Regency Year The 2015/2016 lesson prior to the action of beluni reached the optimal level in solving mathematical problems in the broad subject. With props stimulates the liveliness and creativity of learners, it is proven learners Sdn 04 Koto Ranah District IV Nagari Bayang Utara Pesisir Selatan District Lesson Year 2015/2016 during the learning not only silent, but students actively and creatively seek and find a problem the teacher presented. The use of Othello props can have a positive impact on improving students / learner abilities according to the potential of each learner. This is evident in the change in evaluation results that increase from each learner from the first action to the third action.

Challenges in Oral Antiplatelet Therapy

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Pat Wong ◽  
Umair Shafique ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Antiplatelet Therapy ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Antiplatelet Agents ◽  
Coronary Intervention ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Platelet Inhibition ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Platelet Response ◽  
Coronary Syndromes ◽  
Thrombotic Complications

The positive impact of oral antiplatelet therapy on the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular events is well-documented, especially in terms of reducing the risk of thrombotic complications in patients with acute coronary syndromes and those undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. The oral antiplatelet agents aspirin and clopidogrel have become the mainstay of therapy. However, a major challenge still exists in the need to determine the optimal level of platelet inhibition that is required to obtain a balance between the prevention of ischaemic events and minimisation of the risk of bleeding in various clinical settings. In addition, clopidogrel is associated with inter-individual variability of platelet response and delayed onset and offset of action, which can influence the safety and/or efficacy of the treatment. These pharmacological limitations have led to the development of new oral antiplatelets, such as prasugrel, which has recently been approved, and ticagrelor, which is in late-stage clinical development. These newer agents are associated with improved rates of onset and/or offset of action, and offer more consistent antiplatelet effects.

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