scholarly journals Coordinating Demand and Supply for Crowd Logistics Platforms with Network Effect

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Wenjie Wang ◽  
Lei Xie
Keyword(s):  
Network Effects ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Network Effect ◽  
Pricing Strategy ◽  
Pricing Strategies ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Direct Network ◽  
Crowd Logistics

The crowd logistics platforms connect stochastic demand with uncertain delivery supply which is provided by independent service providers. Considering direct-network effects and cross-network effects between the demand and supply side, a dynamic surge pricing model for crowd logistics platforms is built. The pricing strategy is derived to coordinate the supply with demand to equilibrium. Furthermore, the pricing strategy minimizing cumulative delivery orders is analyzed. The numerical simulation results show that the dynamic surge pricing strategies can stimulate the uncertain delivery supply for maximizing platforms’ revenue. And, direct-network effects pose a positive impact on the dynamic surge pricing strategy. In contrast, the cross-network effects have a negative impact on the pricing strategy. However, direct-network effects and cross-network effects negatively influence platforms’ revenue.

Managerial Economics – Family Medicine Care

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ecler Jaqua ◽  
Terry Jaqua ◽  
Van Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Family Medicine ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Pricing Strategy ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Business Opportunity ◽  
Is Research ◽  
The Us ◽  
Managerial Economics

Supply and demand are amongst the essential requirements before starting up a business. Understanding the quantity of a commodity wished to be sold by producers based on different prices and the item needed by consumers wish purchasing is essential in coming up with ideas. Based on the understanding of this and background research on costs in healthcare, specifically family medicine, it is found that healthcare is amongst the essential requirements, and thus the critical focus of the business idea in a physician’s practice focusing on family medicine care in the US. Starting up the business is based on healthcare demands in the market and further the pricing strategy utilized by most family medicine clinics. Through a connection to the business based on visits in hospitals and the quality offered by these service providers, it is noted that the demand is high and is the most expensive sector in the world, but care is ineffective (The Peterson Center on Healthcare, n.d.) thus leading to searching for effective alternatives by consumers. This creates a potential for offering the most effective services to cater to the demands, and as noted by the Peterson Center on Healthcare (n.d.), the US healthcare system is the most expensive, and costs are projected to grow dramatically in the coming years thus creating the most significant business opportunity to entrepreneurs. By adjusting the resources and trying to cater to the demand in various locations, the key idea is to cater to the need and profit from the sector. The concern of gaining information in the market is research on different healthcare websites and the prices offered and the quality of their services. This will aid in adjusting the prices effectively and thus retaining the demand and supply chain.

A study on online platforms’ price discrimination behavior and the same-side network effects

Kybernetes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Can-Zhong Yao ◽  
Yi-Na Mo
Keyword(s):  
Price Discrimination ◽  
Network Effects ◽  
Competition Model ◽  
Network Effect ◽  
Pricing Strategy ◽  
Pricing Model ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Efficient Allocations

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to whether competition between platforms can be effective, thus leading to efficient allocations. Design/methodology/approach Based on the classic linear Hoteling model, this paper builds a two-period competition model for two competing platforms using two variants, namely, a discrimination pricing model and a unified pricing model. Findings In the case of the discrimination pricing model, the competition is moderate, and the two platforms split the market evenly in the first stage, while both platforms tended to offer preferential treatment to new users and set higher prices for regular customers in the second stage. Compared to the unified pricing model, in the first stage, the platform can provide a higher price that depends on the cross-network effect when it implements discrimination, and thus, obtains higher profits. However, in the second stage, fierce competition leads to the release of benefits, new and regular customers obtain lower prices and the platforms lose higher profits. In the long-run, discriminatory pricing is not the best option due to lower total profits. The two platforms will implement cooperative pricing or one platform becomes dominant. Originality/value Instead of focusing on the cross-network effects, this paper emphasizes the role of the same-side network effect on price discrimination regarding the platforms’ competition. The same-side network effects are investigated in relation to a discrimination pricing strategy and compared to a unified pricing strategy. Another innovative aspect is the study of these network effects in a dynamic setting based on a two-period competition model for two platforms.

scholarly journals Borders of Network Effects and Early Internationalization as a Latecomer Strategy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sungyong Chang ◽  
Sanghyun Park
Keyword(s):  
Network Effects ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Order Effect ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Global Strategy ◽  
Network Effect ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Early Internationalization ◽  
Indirect Network Effects ◽  
Direct Network

Scholars have examined the persistent heterogeneity of firm performance from the entry-order effect perspective. In the international business literature, this perspective has been highlighted in research on early internationalization (i.e., the born global strategy). While prior work has focused on the heterogeneity of firm characteristics and capabilities, we present a demand-side view of early internationalization by focusing on network effects. Prior theoretical work on network effects has predicted that when network effects are prominent, survival is challenging for latecomers because of the installed bases of first movers in the global market. However, we see many cases, such as the mobile instant messenger (MIM) market, where no single winner dominates the global market and where many latecomers have survived by implementing early internationalization. We build upon Brian Arthur’s model of demand-side dynamics. The findings suggest that latecomers may overcome their disadvantages by pursuing early internationalization, especially when the direct network effects (i.e., social network effects) are stronger than the indirect network effects (i.e., installed base effects). The underlying rationale is that country borders often demarcate the reach of the direct network effect, limiting the power of installed bases.

Pricing Strategies of Unbundling and Mixed-Bundling in a Two-Sided Market Under Stochastic Demand

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (03) ◽  
pp. 2050016
Author(s):  
Xiaogang Lin ◽  
Yong-Wu Zhou ◽  
Qiang Lin
Keyword(s):  
Stochastic Demand ◽  
Sharp Contrast ◽  
The Other ◽  
Network Effect ◽  
Pricing Strategy ◽  
Pricing Strategies ◽  
Royalty Rate ◽  
Mixed Bundling ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Two Sided Markets

We investigate the pricing strategies of unbundling and mixed-bundling for a firm that produces both a product and a compatible integrated content, respectively. The firm can be viewed as a two-sided transaction platform between sellers and customers, and decides whether to sell the product and the integrated content separately or jointly. Sellers develop independent content and are charged a per-unit royalty rate for each transaction on the platform, and customers are required to pay the prices for the product and the contents. With the consideration of stochastic demand, we study the impacts of cross-side network effect on the pricing strategies of unbundling and mixed-bundling, respectively. Moreover, we compare the impact of unbundling and mixed-bundling on the pricing strategy of the platform. Compared with no cross-side network effect, we show that the firm (with unbundling and mixed-bundling) need not subsidize customers and sellers in the presence of the effect under certain conditions, indicating that it can extract the most surplus from both sides to maximize the profit. This stands in sharp contrast to the finding of the literature on two-sided markets that the platform should subsidize one side of the market in order to make profit from the other side. Moreover, our result suggests that mixed-bundling can help the firm make more profit with fewer products by subsidizing one side of the market compared with the unbundling.

You deserve the bad (or good) service: the role of moral deservingness in observers’ reactions to service failure (or excellence)

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio Palmeira ◽  
Minjung Koo ◽  
Hyun-Ah Sung
Keyword(s):  
Causal Reasoning ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Service Failure ◽  
Good Service ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Service Excellence ◽  
Positive Feelings ◽  
A Company

Purpose This paper aims to examine how observers evaluate a company that provides service failure (or excellence) to an immoral versus a moral customer. This study introduces the concept of deservingness to the service literature and suggests that observers appreciate when a company delivers “justice” – either bad service to an immoral customer or good service to a moral customer – and thus evaluate the company more favorably. Design/methodology/approach This paper presents three online studies using scenarios (ns = 205, 199 and 181) and one lab study (n = 89) using a confederate to manipulate customer morality. Findings Across four studies, this study finds that a service failure has a less negative impact on observers’ company evaluations when observers consider the target customer immoral, and thus deserving of the bad outcome. Conversely, the positive impact of observing service excellence is enhanced when observers consider the target customer to be moral, and thus deserving of a good outcome. This effect occurs because the perception of deservingness leads observers to experience more positive feelings about the service outcome and these positive feelings transfer over to observers’ evaluations of the service provider. Research limitations/implications The mechanism shares some similarities with the concept of immanent justice reasoning, whereby individuals draw a causal link between someone’s prior immoral behavior and an unrelated negative outcome. However, the studies go one step further by showing that such causal reasoning, at least on a moral level, can impact the judgments of the other party (in this case, the company involved in the service outcome). Practical implications Service providers need to be particularly attentive when serving customers who are viewed in a positive light, as an observed failure that affects a moral customer can be particularly damaging to company evaluations. Conversely, companies should make efforts to publicize when exceptional service is given to nice, admirable customers, as this is particularly effective at improving evaluations. Originality/value Researchers have examined how allocations of responsibility affect observers' evaluation of service encounters. This paper adds deservingness as an alternate mechanism and examines service excellence as well.

scholarly journals Crowdsourcing for Sustainable Urban Logistics: Exploring the Factors Influencing Crowd Workers’ Participative Behavior

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 3091
Author(s):  
Lijuan Huang ◽  
Guojie Xie ◽  
John Blenkinsopp ◽  
Raoyi Huang ◽  
Hou Bin
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Monetary Incentives ◽  
Work Enjoyment ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Policies And Measures ◽  
Significant Negative Impact ◽  
Crowd Logistics ◽  
Last Mile Delivery ◽  
High Degree

With crowd logistics becoming a crucial part of the last-mile delivery challenge in many cities, continued participation of crowd workers has become an essential issue affecting the growth of the crowd logistics platform. Understanding how people are motivated to continue their participation in crowd logistics can provide some clarity as to what policies and measures should be undertaken by the industry to support its further growth. Using the Push–Pull–Mooring (PPM) theory, we developed a research model to explain the factors influencing crowd workers’ participative behavior. Survey data from 455 crowd workers were analyzed using SmartPLS3.0 software. The results show monetary rewards and trust have a significant positive impact on the willingness of crowd workers to continue participating in crowd logistics, while work enjoyment from previous work and entry barriers for work have a significant negative impact. Trust plays an intermediary role between monetary incentives and crowd workers’ willingness to continue participating. Based on the findings of this study, we recommend that crowd logistics platforms should offer reasonable monetary incentives and keep these under constant review, build a high degree of trust and cooperation with their crowd workers, and initiate activities geared towards promoting satisfaction at work.

scholarly journals Does Regional Financial Resource Contribute to Economic Growth? From the Perspective of Spatial Correlation Network

SAGE Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 215824402199938
Author(s):  
Feng Wang ◽  
Wei Chai ◽  
Xiaotian Shi ◽  
Mingru Dong ◽  
Bin Yan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Spatial Correlation ◽  
Network Effects ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Network Effect ◽  
Correlation Network ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Network Characteristics ◽  
Level Of Economic Development ◽  
Resources Distribution

Using the method of social network analysis, this article explores the characteristics of financial resources distribution at the provincial level in China from 2000 to 2017, and analyzes the influencing factors and network effects of the spatial correlation network characteristics on distribution of financial resources, the results are as follows: The overall network characteristics of the financial resources distribution among provinces and cities in China are of low density, of high dependence and poor stability. The level of economic development, marketization, and integration are related to the spatial correlation network of the distribution of financial resources, and the level of integration and marketization have a significant positive impact on it. Due to the imbalance of economic development among regions in China, the overall network characteristics have a negative network effect on the speed of economic development. Individual network characteristics have a positive network effect on the speed of economic development. Improving network density, network correlation, and reducing network level can narrow the gap in economic development between provinces.

scholarly journals NETWORK RESEARCH ON INTERNATINALIZATION OF FIRMS FROM THE EMERGING ECONOMIES: LITERATURE REVIEW AND PROPOSITIONS

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruta Kazlauskaite ◽  
Sarunas Abramavicius ◽  
Tadas Sarapovas ◽  
Modestas Gelbuda ◽  
Dominyka Venciūtė
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Network Effects ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Foreign Market ◽  
Internationalization Process ◽  
Network Research

Although interest in internationalization of firms from the emerging economies is growing, research employing network theories has been limited. The article provides a systematic literature review on the internationalization of firms originating from the emerging economies, from a network perspective. The major finding is that, contrary to expectations, social networks do not play such an important role as in the case of developed market firms. To fill this gap and to advance a more nuanced view of the network effects, the paper generates hypothesis highlighting the positive impact of networks on the initiation of internationalization process, and negative impact of social networks on speed, foreign market diversity and internationalization performance.

scholarly journals Impact factors of intention to use paid online newspapers in Vietnam

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 34-44
Author(s):  
Duyet The Mai ◽  
Trung Quoc Pham
Keyword(s):  
Service Providers ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
Intention To Use ◽  
Newspaper Industry ◽  
Online Newspapers ◽  
Attitude Factor ◽  
The Impact

The explosive growth of the Internet in recent years has led to the development of online newspapers. To survive in the context of printed newspaper sales declining, the global newspaper industry is starting to collect fee from online newspapers’ readers. In Vietnam, the ability to attract readers of online newspapers is still low. In fact, paid online newspapers in Vietnam are still at the trial stage. Therefore, studies to find out the impact factors of intention to use paid online newspapers are very necessary in Vietnam. The proposed research model is built from TPB and other previous researches. Quantitative data were collected through a questionnaire survey with 359 valid participants. By adopting SEM, results showed that the measurement model fitted data well and all hypotheses were acceptable. The study showed that the attitude factor had the largest impact on readers’ intention to pay. For these factors influencing the attitude factor, the perceived benefit factor had the most significantly positive impact and the free mentality factor had the most significantly negative impact. Through this results, some implications to increase the readers’ intention to use paid online newspaper are proposed for service providers and government agencies concerned.

Land managers’ and service providers’ perspectives on the magnitude, impact and management of non-domestic grazing pressure in the southern rangelands of Australia

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 461 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Atkinson ◽  
R. B. Hacker ◽  
G. J. Melville ◽  
J. Reseigh
Keyword(s):  
Service Providers ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Grazing Pressure ◽  
Pressure Management ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Business Profitability ◽  
The Impact

In the southern rangelands of Australia, the capability of land managers to manage total grazing pressure, with support from their service providers, influences resource condition, livestock production and pastoral business profitability. This study investigated the perspectives of people who face the challenge of managing total grazing pressure. Self-administered surveys were used to collect the perspectives of 220 land managers and 46 service providers to total grazing pressure management and the impacts of grazing animals. Land managers and service providers agreed that, on average, 40 to 50% of the total demand for forage is due to non-domestic animals, that a reduction in this component is required, and that current levels are at least double the desirable level. The majority of respondents (>54%) assessed both livestock and non-domestic animals to have a negative impact on soils and pastures. However, livestock were more frequently assessed to have a positive impact on soils and pastures than non-domestic animals. The respondents commonly suggested that the impact livestock have on soils and pastures depends on management. Non-domestic animals were assessed by the majority of respondents to have a negative impact on livestock production and business profitability, apart from unmanaged goats where opinions were divided. Both land managers and service providers used the ‘large negative’ category to describe the impact on livestock production and business profitability more frequently for kangaroos than for any other herbivore. There were significant differences in the respondents’ perspectives among the States. Respondents in New South Wales and Queensland estimated a higher proportion of demand for forage from non-domestic animals than respondents from other States. The respondents in New South Wales also more frequently assessed unmanaged goats to have a positive impact on business profitability compared with the other States. Total grazing pressure management was rated as a high priority issue by 66% of respondents. ‘Improved kangaroo management’ and ‘fencing’ were the two main factors identified with potential to make a substantial difference to total grazing pressure management in the next ten years.

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