scholarly journals Pipeline for ontology-based modeling and automated deployment of digital twins for planning and control of manufacturing systems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amon Göppert ◽  
Lea Grahn ◽  
Jonas Rachner ◽  
Dennis Grunert ◽  
Simon Hort ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Exchange ◽  
Manufacturing Systems ◽  
Digital Model ◽  
Use Case ◽  
Digital Twin ◽  
Planning And Control ◽  
Digital Twins ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Fully Connected ◽  
And Control

AbstractThe demand for individualized products drives modern manufacturing systems towards greater adaptability and flexibility. This increases the focus on data-driven digital twins enabling swift adaptations. Within the framework of cyber-physical systems, the digital twin is a digital model that is fully connected to the physical and digital assets. A digital model must follow a standardization for interoperable data exchange. Established ontologies and meta-models offer a basis in the definition of a schema, which is the first phase of creating a digital twin. The next phase is the standardized and structured modeling with static use-case specific data. The final phase is the deployment of digital twins into operation with a full connection of the digital model with the remaining cyber-physical system. In this deployment phase communication standards and protocols provide a standardized data exchange. A survey on the state-of-the-art of these three digital twin phases reveals the lack of a consistent workflow from ontology-driven definition to standardized modeling. Therefore, one goal of this paper is the design of an end-to-end digital twin pipeline to lower the threshold of creating and deploying digital twins. As the task of establishing a communication connection is highly repetitive, an automation concept by providing structured protocol data is the second goal. The planning and control of a line-less assembly system with manual stations and a mobile robot as resources and an industrial dog as the product serve as exemplary digital twin applications. Along this use-case the digital twin pipeline is transparently explained.

scholarly journals A Five-Step Approach to Planning Data-Driven Digital Twins for Discrete Manufacturing Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 3639
Author(s):  
Matevz Resman ◽  
Jernej Protner ◽  
Marko Simic ◽  
Niko Herakovic
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Systems ◽  
Manufacturing System ◽  
Multiple Scales ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Heterogeneous Data ◽  
Digital Model ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Digital Models ◽  
Digital Twin ◽  
Digital Twins

A digital twin of a manufacturing system is a digital copy of the physical manufacturing system that consists of various digital models at multiple scales and levels. Digital twins that communicate with their physical counterparts throughout their lifecycle are the basis for data-driven factories. The problem with developing digital models that form the digital twin is that they operate with large amounts of heterogeneous data. Since the models represent simplifications of the physical world, managing the heterogeneous data and linking the data with the digital twin represent a challenge. The paper proposes a five-step approach to planning data-driven digital twins of manufacturing systems and their processes. The approach guides the user from breaking down the system and the underlying building blocks of the processes into four groups. The development of a digital model includes predefined necessary parameters that allow a digital model connecting with a real manufacturing system. The connection enables the control of the real manufacturing system and allows the creation of the digital twin. Presentation and visualization of a system functioning based on the digital twin for different participants is presented in the last step. The suitability of the approach for the industrial environment is illustrated using the case study of planning the digital twin for material logistics of the manufacturing system.

scholarly journals WHAT IS A DIGITAL TWIN? – DEFINITIONS AND INSIGHTS FROM AN INDUSTRIAL CASE STUDY IN TECHNICAL PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 757-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Trauer ◽  
S. Schweigert-Recksiek ◽  
C. Engel ◽  
K. Spreitzer ◽  
M. Zimmermann
Keyword(s):  
Product Development ◽  
Physical System ◽  
Data Exchange ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Industrial Case Study ◽  
Technical Product ◽  
Digital Twin ◽  
Digital Twins ◽  
Definition Of

AbstractOver the last two decades, a concept called Digital Twin has evolved rapidly. Yet, there is no unified definition of the term. Based on a literature study and an industrial case study, an overarching definition of Digital twins is presented. Three characteristics were identified – representation of a physical system, bidirectional data exchange, and the connection along the entire lifecycle. Further, three sub-concepts are presented, namely: Engineering Twin, Production Twin, and Operation Twin. The presented paper thus formulates a consistent and detailed definition of Digital Twins.

Die synchrone Produktion*/Synchronous manufacturing - An approach for semi-autonomous production planning and control and human-based decision support

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (04) ◽  
pp. 204-208
Author(s):  
D. Kreimeier ◽  
E. Müller ◽  
F. Morlock ◽  
D. Jentsch ◽  
H. Unger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Production Planning ◽  
Data Exchange ◽  
Production Control ◽  
Production Planning And Control ◽  
Planning And Control ◽  
Manufacturing Execution Systems ◽  
And Control ◽  
Manufacturing Execution

Kurzfristige sowie ungeplante Änderungen – wie Auftragsschwankungen, Maschinenausfälle oder Krankheitstage der Mitarbeiter – beeinflussen die Produktionsplanung und -steuerung (PPS) von Industriefirmen. Trends wie Globalisierung und erhöhter Marktdruck verstärken diese Probleme. Zur Komplexitätsbewältigung bei der Entscheidungsfindung zur Fertigungssteuerung kommen in der Produktion Werkzeuge der „Digitalen Fabrik“, beispielsweise Simulationsprogramme, oder IT (Informationstechnologie)-Lösungen, wie Manufacturing Execution Systems (MES), zum Einsatz. Eine Verknüpfung dieser Bereiche würde einen echtzeitfähigen Datenaustausch erlauben, der wiederum eine echtzeitfähige Entscheidungsunterstützung bietet. Der Fachbeitrag stellt hierfür einen Lösungsansatz vor.   Sudden and unsystematic changes, such as fluctuations in order flow, machine failures, or employee sick days affect the Production Planning and Control (PPC) activities of industrial companies. Trends like globalization and increased market pressure intensify these problems. To master the complexity of decision-making in production control, tools of the digital factory (e.g. simulation systems) or IT systems (e.g. Manufacturing Execution Systems (MES)) are applied in manufacturing. Combining these areas would enable real-time capable data exchange which, in turn, provides real-time capable decision support. This article presents an approach for solving this problem.

scholarly journals ACCOUNTING IN TAXATION OF ENTERPRISES

2021 ◽  
pp. 115-128
Author(s):  
Olena PODOLIANCHUK
Keyword(s):  
Accounting Information ◽  
Tax Base ◽  
Planning And Control ◽  
Indirect Taxes ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Tax Reporting ◽  
And Control

The article analyzes the revenues of the consolidated budget of Ukraine and determines that budget revenues are growing, mainly due to taxes and fees. The normative definition of the terms «tax» and «collection» is revealed and the main characteristic features are outlined. A critical assessment of the essence of the characterized definitions was made and the inconsistency of the terminological apparatus was determined. It was found that the definitions take into account the principle of mandatory payment of tax or fee paid by a particular payer to a specific account of the allocation budget. The main criteria for distinguishing between direct and indirect taxes are highlighted: method of translation: direct – one participant in the calculation and payment, indirect – several participants; object of taxation: direct – from income, profit, property and resources, indirect – from the value of consumption or use of goods; subject of payment: direct is paid by the taxpayer – the manufacturer or seller, the owner of the goods, indirect – by the subject of the tax burden (the buyer who incurs costs). Taking into account the research of scientists and their own opinion, it is proposed to substantiate at the legislative level the terminology of definitions of direct and indirect taxes, as well as to outline a clear classification list. It is proved that accounting influences management decisions, as the received accounting information certifies the data on the activity of the enterprise and gives the chance to carry out further planning and control. It is determined that the purpose of accounting in taxation is to form a reliable and legally justified size of the tax base and determine the amounts of tax liabilities from taxes and fees for generalization in tax reporting for individual taxes. The accounting process of calculations for taxes and fees of business entities is outlined. It is proposed to separate the objects of taxation in the accounting policy of enterprises.

scholarly journals Working Class in Soviet and Russian Sociological Discourse

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 86-92
Author(s):  
V. Gavriliuk ◽  
T. Gavriliuk
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
Organizational Structures ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Capitalist System ◽  
Planning And Control ◽  
The Times ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
And Control

The Object of the Study. The correlation of class and stratification approaches in Soviet and post-Soviet sociology.The Subject of the Study. New working class in Russian sociological discourse.The Purpose of the Study. The objectives are to substantiate the necessity of actualizing of the class approach in the study of modern Russian society social structure; identifying the signs of a new working class.The Main Provisions of the Article. In accordance with Marxist ideology, in Soviet sociology a working class was regarded as a protagonist of social change and a center of attraction for the forces of social change. The contemporary integration of workers into the capitalist system, the transition to the economy of the sixth order, the defeat of socialism, the global transition to a postindustrial society require to comprehend the «working question» from a new prospective. The authors actualize the problem of revealing the content and structure of the «new working class», traditional and actual methods of its theoretical conceptualization. The features of class and stratification approaches to the allocation of the working class in the structure of society have been studied. It has been shown that the excessive specification of criteria, non-critical declarative positioning of the middle class into the basis of the Russian society structure, led to a high degree of uncertainty in the model of the social structure of the Russian society of the early XXI century. The author's definition of the concept of a new working class has been given. Defining “the new working class of modern Russia”, we mean a group of employees in all spheres of material production and services whose content and nature of work are routinized and segmented; not participating in management and not having the property rights to the enterprise in which they work. Most of the times, these are workers without higher education. Power and control in the organization do not belong to them, their degree of freedom and authority in organizational structures are limited, they do not influence on the planning and control of labor

scholarly journals Ergonomics as a Social Component of Sustainable Lot-sizing: A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Sezen Korkulu ◽  
Krisztián Bóna
Keyword(s):  
Lot Sizing ◽  
Social Sustainability ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Planning And Control ◽  
Social Component ◽  
The Social ◽  
Work Related Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
And Control

Lot-sizing has an increased attention in recent years. In the area of production planning and control, this trend has given rise to the development of lot-sizing models that considers sustainability issues besides the optimization of total operational cost. The study is based on tertiary study that is ensured to analyze the total work have been published. The research was conducted by the definition of appropriate keywords for understanding sustainability issues and ergonomics as a social component in lot-sizing. The paper at hand attempts to understand the development of sustainability issues in lot-sizing and ergonomics as a social component in lot-sizing. We observe that studies focusing on all three dimensions of sustainability are comparatively scarce. However, only a few of the studies have been covered the social sustainability aspect. It is observed that studies addressing ergonomics issues are scarce, and more focus is required on the social sustainability impacts along the supply chain and lot-sizing. Most of ergonomic assessment covered relaxation allowance and energy expenditure rate, OWAS, NIOSH and another consideration about ergonomic lot-sizing is the motion types investigated by authors which were picking, storing as a lifting and carrying motions and did not covered pushing, pulling, bending and other hand motions which have positive relationship with work related musculoskeletal disorders. Finally, we propose future directions to extend research on the ergonomics in lot-sizing.

Development and Assessment of a Nearly Autonomous Management and Control System During a Single Loss of Flow Accident

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linyu Lin ◽  
Paridhi Athe ◽  
Pascal Rouxelin ◽  
Nam Dinh ◽  
Jeffrey Lane
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Base ◽  
Confusion Matrix ◽  
Data Generation ◽  
Digital Twin ◽  
Control Functions ◽  
Digital Twins ◽  
Twin Models ◽  
Autonomous Management ◽  
And Performance ◽  
And Control

Abstract In this work, a Nearly Autonomous Management and Control (NAMAC) system is designed to diagnose the reactor state and provide recommendations to the operator for maintaining the safety and performance of the reactor. A three layer-hierarchical workflow is suggested to guide the design and development of the NAMAC system. The three layers in this workflow corresponds to knowledge base, digital twin developmental layer (for different NAMAC functions), and NAMAC operational layer. Digital twin in NAMAC is described as knowledge acquisition system to support different autonomous control functions. Therefore, based on the knowledge base, a set of digital twin models is trained to determine the plant state, predict behavior of physical components or systems, and rank available control options. The trained digital twin models are assembled according to NAMAC operational workflow to support decision-making process in selecting the optimal control actions during an accident scenario. To demonstrate the capability of the NAMAC system, a case study is designed, where a baseline NAMAC is implemented for operating a simulator of the Experimental Breeder Reactor II (EBR-II) during a single loss of flow accident. Training database for development of digital twin models is obtained by sampling the control parameters in the GOTHIC data generation engine. After the training and testing, the digital twins are assembled into a NAMAC system according to the operational workflow. This NAMAC system is coupled with the GOTHIC plant simulator, and a confusion matrix is generated to illustrate the accuracy and robustness of implemented NAMAC system. It is found that within the training databases, NAMAC can make reasonable recommendations with zero confusion rate. However, when the scenario is beyond the training cases, the confusion rate increases, especially when the scenarios are more severe. Therefore, a discrepancy checker is added to detect unexpected reactor states and alert operators for safety-minded actions.

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