TiO2 thin films were prepared on glass substrates by sol-gel method. The effect of withdraw speed on the thickness and optical properties of TiO2 thin films was investigated. The films were transparent in the visible wavelength. The thickness of the TiO2 films was increased from 90 nm for the withdraw speed of 1000 μm/s to 160 nm for the withdraw speed of 2000 μm/s. While, The refractive index of the TiO2 thin film decreased from 2.38 to 2.07. It may be due to the porosity of the film was increased. The optical band-gap of the films was around 3.45 eV.
Cation substitution induced blue-shift of optical band gap in nanocrystalline
$$\hbox {Zn}_{(1-x)} \hbox {Ca}_{x}\hbox {O}$$
Zn
(
1
-
x
)
Ca
x
O
thin films deposited by sol–gel dip coating technique
