Effect of Long-Term Forest Fertilization on Scots Pine Xylem Quality and Wood Borer Performance

2007 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juha Heijari ◽  
Anne-Marja Nerg ◽  
Pirjo Kainulainen ◽  
Uwe Noldt ◽  
Teuvo Levula ◽  
...  
2002 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 1694-1701 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Turtola ◽  
A.-M. Manninen ◽  
J. K. Holopainen ◽  
T. Levula ◽  
H. Raitio ◽  
...  

Trees ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 729-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juha Heijari ◽  
Anne-Marja Nerg ◽  
Seija Kaakinen ◽  
Elina Vapaavuori ◽  
Hannu Raitio ◽  
...  

Trees ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juha Heijari ◽  
Anne-Marja Nerg ◽  
Seija Kaakinen ◽  
Elina Vapaavuori ◽  
Hannu Raitio ◽  
...  

The Holocene ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 095968362199465
Author(s):  
Dael Sassoon ◽  
William J Fletcher ◽  
Alastair Hotchkiss ◽  
Fern Owen ◽  
Liting Feng

Around 4000 cal yr BP, Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris) suffered a widespread demise across the British Isles. This paper presents new information about P. sylvestris populations found in the Welsh Marches (western central Britain), for which the long-term history and origins are poorly known. Two new pollen records were produced from the Lin Can Moss ombrotrophic bog (LM18) and the Breidden Hill pond (BH18). The LM18 peat core is supported by loss-on-ignition, humification analysis and radiocarbon dating. Lead concentrations were used to provide an estimated timeframe for the recent BH18 record. In contrast to many other Holocene pollen records from the British Isles, analysis of LM18 reveals that Scots pine grains were deposited continuously between c. 6900–300 cal yr BP, at frequencies of 0.3–5.4%. It is possible that individual Scots pine trees persisted through the wider demise on thin soils of steep drought-prone crags of hills or the fringes of lowland bogs in the Welsh Marches. At BH18, the record indicates a transition from broadleaved to mixed woodland, including conifer species introduced around AD 1850 including Picea and Pinus. The insights from BH18 suggest that the current populations may largely be the result of planting. Comparison of the LM18 findings with other regional pollen records highlights consistent patterns, including a Mid-Holocene maximum (ca. 7000 cal yr BP), long-term persistence at low pollen percentages and a Late-Holocene minimum (ca. 3000 cal yr BP). These distinctive trends encourage further studies on refugial areas for Scots pine in this region and elsewhere.


Author(s):  
А.В. Лебедев ◽  
В.В. Кузьмичев

Сосна обыкновенная является одной из основных лесообразующих пород Европы, а ее древесина находит широкое применение в лесопромышленном комплексе. При оценке углерододепонирующих функций считается, что конверсионные коэффициенты являются константными по времени. Последние исследования показывают, что происходящие климатические изменения оказывают существенное влияние на прирост древесины и ее свойства. Цель данного исследования – выявление долговременных тенденций в изменении биомассы фракций деревьев сосны обыкновенной в Европе, происходящих с 1940 г. Для проверки гипотезы о влиянии календарного года на биомассу фракций деревьев проводился регрессионный анализ с применением линейных моделей смешанных эффектов. Проведенный статистический анализ позволил выявить достоверное влияние (при p < 0,05) календарного года только на биомассу стволов в коре. Наиболее сильно изменения проявляются для деревьев в молодняках и средневозрастных насаждениях, где происходит формирование наибольшего радиального прироста. Для крупномерных стволов, согласно результатам моделирования, снижение биомассы стволов в коре не прослеживается. В ближайшие десятилетия в результате продолжающихся климатических изменений процесс снижения биомассы и плотности древесины крупномерных стволов должен усилиться. Выявленные изменения биомассы сопровождаются снижением плотности древесины, что происходит в результате увеличения в структуре годичного прироста более рыхлой и менее плотной ранней древесины. Таким образом, в условиях ускоряющихся темпов роста древесных растений объемы стволов и запасы древесины не должны напрямую пересчитываться в депонированный углерод с учетом исторических значений конверсионных коэффициентов. Это также следует учитывать при мониторинге, моделировании и использовании углерода и биомассы в лесах в условиях глобальных изменений. Scots pine is one of the main forest-forming species in Europe, and its wood is widely used in the timber industry. When evaluating carbon-depositing functions, the conversion rations are assumed to be constant over time. Recent studies show that the ongoing climatic changes have a significant impact on the growth of trees and wood properties. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify long-term trends in the change in the biomass of Scots pine tree fractions in Europe since 1940. To test the hypothesis about the influence of the calendar year on the biomass of tree fractions, regression analysis was performed using linear mixed-effect models. The performed statistically analysis made it possible to reveal a significant effect (p < 0.05) of the calendar year only on the biomass of the trunks in the bark. The changes are most pronounced for trees in young and middle-aged stands, where the formation of the greatest radial growth occurs. For large-sized trunks, according to the simulation results, the biomass of the stems in the bark is not traced. In the coming decades, as a result of ongoing climate change, the decline in biomass and wood density of largesized stems should intensify. The revealed changes in biomass are accompanied by a decrease in wood density, which occurs as a result of an increase in the structure of the annual growth of looser and less dense early wood. Thus, in the context of accelerating growth rates of woody plants, the volume of trunks and wood stock should not be directly converted into deposited carbon, considering the historical values of conversion rations. This should also be considered when monitoring, modeling and using carbon and biomass in forests in the face of global change.


2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Mäkitalo ◽  
V. Alenius ◽  
J. Heiskanen ◽  
K. Mikkola

Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.) forests dominate in Finnish Lapland. This study examined the long-term effects of soil physical properties and conditions measured in intact intermediate areas, as well as site preparation, on the survival and height growth of planted pine on eight experimental sites, 25-27 yr after reforestation. On the four originally spruce-dominated sites, pine survival was the highest on sites with a high soil air-filled porosity (AFP) near saturation (at -1 kPa), a high van Genuchten parameter, and a low soil water content (SWC) in situ, and height growth was the fastest on sites with a high soil AFP in situ and a high van Genuchten parameter n, and on sites reaching a soil AFP of ca. 0.20 m3 m-3 at a high matric potential after saturation. Survival, but not mean height, was enhanced on the spruce sites by intensive site preparation methods such as ploughing instead of lighter site preparation methods. On the four originally pine-dominated sites, site preparation affected the mean height but not survival. The use of SWC as a sole criterion for sites suitable for pine reforestation was tested and found to be uncertain. Key words: Boreal forest soils, soil water content, air-filled porosity, van Genuchten function, site preparation, reforestation, Scots pine


Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Āris Jansons ◽  
Pauls Zeltiņš ◽  
Jānis Donis ◽  
Una Neimane

In Northern Europe, climate change may facilitate the prevalence of Scots pine, yet also promote the spread of pathogens attacking this species. A common biotic risk for Scots pine in nurseries and young stands is Lophodermium needle cast, primarily caused by Lophodermium seditiosum, which negatively affects the survival and growth of saplings. Reduced tree growth has been observed several years after damage by Lophodermium needle cast. However, for decision-making in protection or resistance breeding, an estimate of financial loss is important. Thus, the study aimed to assess the long-term influence of Lophodermium needle cast on the growth and financial value of Scots pine stands. The effect of needle cast damage during the sixth growing season on growth at the age of 17 years was evaluated in a control-crossed Scots pine progeny trial, and the results indicated a significantly negative effect on the height and diameter of the trees. A significant family effect also existed on the severity of the needle cast damage. Long-term simulations indicated that severely damaged Scots pines had a reduced equivalent annual annuity (EAA) of almost 100% at the final harvest. More intensive early management to reduce stand density could partly compensate for losses caused by needle cast. A higher EAA for the most resistant group of trees regardless of the stand management scenarios suggests an economically justified potential for improved resistance. Strong negative (−0.62 to −0.70) correlations of height and survival with the proportion of severely affected trees at the family mean level implies that resistant genotypes can be selected along with improved growth in progeny trials, which are affected by needle cast.


2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivano Brunner ◽  
Claude Herzog ◽  
Lucía Galiano ◽  
Arthur Gessler

1995 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 211-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Wang ◽  
S. Kellomaki ◽  
K. Laitinen
Keyword(s):  

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