Phytochemical Study of Safflower Roots (Carthamus tinctorius) on the Induction of Parasitic Plant Germination and Weed Control

Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L. ‘Hartman’) in the rosette growth stage or early bolting stage tolerated thiameturon {3-[[[[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino] carbonyl] amino] sulfonyl]-2-thiophenecarboxylic acid} at 5, 10, and 15 g ai/ha. Safflower also tolerated chlorsulfuron {2-chloro-N-[[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino] carbonyl] benzenesulfonamide} at 18 g/ha if safflower was taller than 15 cm at time of application. The fresh weight of above-ground biomass of common sunflower (Helianthus annuus L. #3 HELAN), treated at two plant sizes with thiameturon, was reduced more than 88%. Soil activity of thiameturon also reduced the seedling vigor of common sunflower, but thiameturon in soil was not as lethal to common sunflower as were foliar applications.

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Herbicide Combinations for Postemergent Weed Control in Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius)

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/s0890037x00025069 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 97-104 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Robert E. Blackshaw ◽

Douglas A. Derksen ◽

H.-Henning Muendel

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Field Studies ◽

Carthamus Tinctorius ◽

Quality Data ◽

Wild Oat ◽

Common Lambsquarters ◽

Wild Mustard ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Green Foxtail ◽

Field Control

Greenhouse and field studies were conducted to examine the interaction of sethoxydim or fluazifop-P tank mixed with chlorsulfuron or thiameturon for selective weed control in safflower. Under greenhouse conditions, the addition of chlorsulfuron to sethoxydim or fluazifop-P slightly improved the control of green foxtail above that achieved with either herbicide alone. Control of wild oat and wild mustard was similar with the tank mixes and each herbicide alone. In the field, control of wild oat with sethoxydim or fluazifop-P was not altered by adding chlorsulfuron or thiameturon in tank mixes. Similarly, control of common lambsquarters and wild mustard with chlorsulfuron or thiameturon was not affected by adding either sethoxydim or fluazifop-P in tank mixes. Plant height, date of flowering, seed yield, and quality data indicated that safflower tolerated these herbicides applied alone or in combination. Sethoxydim or fluazifop-P tank mixed with chlorsulfuron or thiameturon provide a postemergent alternative for selective control of grass and broadleaf weeds in safflower.

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Chlorsulfuron for Weed Control in Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius)

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500083466 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 33 (6) ◽

pp. 840-842 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Randy L. Anderson

Keyword(s):

Helianthus Annuus ◽

Weed Control ◽

Carthamus Tinctorius ◽

Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽

Tribulus Terrestris ◽

Grain Yields ◽

Redroot Pigweed ◽

Sequential Treatments

Chlorsulfuron {2-chloro-N-[[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino]carbonyl]benzenesulfonamide} was nontoxic to safflower (Carthamus tinctoriusL.) when applied postemergence in 1983 and 1984 at 0.018 and 0.035 kg ai/ha. Trifluralin [2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzenamine] at 1.1 and 1.7 kg ai/ha and pronamide [3,5-dichloro(N-1,1-dimethyl-2-propynyl)benzamide] at 0.8 and 1.1 kg ai/ha were applied previously as preplant soil-incorporated treatments. In both years, safflower was relatively free of weeds where trifluralin was applied alone or in sequential treatments with chlorsulfuron. Pronamide, with or without chlorsulfuron, failed to completely control witchgrass (Panicum capillareL. ♯ PANCA) in 1 yr; thus safflower grain yields were reduced 21 to 35% when compared to weed-free safflower. Chlorsulfuron controlled redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexusL. ♯ AMARE), puncturevine (Tribulus terrestrisL. ♯ TRBTE), and common sunflower (Helianthus annuusL. ♯ HELAN).

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Residual Effects of EPTC and Trifluralin Incorporated with Different Implements

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500047597 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 415-417 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

L. R. Robison ◽

C. R. Fenster

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Avena Sativa ◽

Carthamus Tinctorius ◽

High Rate ◽

Residual Effects ◽

Control Effectiveness ◽

Plot Area

Applications of a,a,a-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine (trifluralin) at 1/2 and 1 lb/A and ethyl N,N-dipropylthiocarbamate (EPTC) at 1 1\2 and 3 lb/A were incorporated preplant with five different tillage implements to determine the influence of incorporation on weed control effectiveness in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Weed yields were lowest in plots incorporated with the tandem disc and rotary incorporator. Oats (Avena sativa L.) were overseeded 1 year later on the entire safflower plot area. Stand loss occurred on plots receiving the high rate of both herbicides and incorporated with the disc or rotary incorporator.

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HERBICIDES FOR WEED CONTROL IN SAFFLOWER (Carthamus tinctorius)

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps90-026 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 70 (1) ◽

pp. 237-245 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

R. E. BLACKSHAW ◽

H.-H. MUENDEL ◽

D. A. DERKSEN

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Seed Yield ◽

Seed Weight ◽

Oil Content ◽

Field Studies ◽

Carthamus Tinctorius ◽

Severe Injury ◽

Weed Competition ◽

Herbicide Application ◽

Crop Tolerance

Field studies were conducted in 1986, 1987 and 1988 at Lethbridge, Alberta and in 1987 and 1988 at Indian Head, Saskatchewan to determine herbicides suitable for selective control of weeds in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Safflower exhibited acceptable tolerance to trifluralin, ethalfluralin, sethoxydim, fluazifop-p-butyl, clethodim, diclofop methyl, difenzoquat, imazamethabenz, chlorsulfuron, thiameturon, metsulfuron and DPX-A7881 over all years and locations. These herbicides offer the grower the option of preplant incorporated or postemergent herbicide application or a combination of the two. A mixture of thiameturon plus DPX-L5300 caused severe injury to safflower, reducing yield, oil content, and seed weight. Desmedipham, phenmedipham, and mixtures of these herbicides injured safflower at Lethbridge but not at Indian Head. Weeds reduced safflower yield by 39–73% over the 3 yr of the study. Control of weeds in safflower is essential to obtain optimum yields.Key words: Crop tolerance, seed yield, oil content, seed weight, weed competition

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The Influence of Tillage Practices on Yields and Weed Control in Safflower

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500047275 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 326-328 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

C. R. Fenster ◽

L. R. Robison

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Carthamus Tinctorius ◽

Minimum Tillage ◽

Tillage Practices ◽

Tillage Operations ◽

Moldboard Plow

An experiment to investigate tillage practices for producing safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) and controlling weeds was conducted from 1963 to 1965. Three tillage intensities designated excessive, moderate, and minimum, depending on the number and kind of tillage operations performed prior to planting, were used. Three different tillage tools used as the primary implement in preparing the seedbed were sweep machine, oneway, and moldboard plow.Excessive, moderate, and minimum tillage plots averaged 342, 374, and 413 lb/A of safflower and 72, 73, and 63 lb/A of weeds, respectively. The sweep machine plots produced the highest safflower yields and lowest weed yields at all intensities with the oneway and moldboard plow about the same. Yields produced from the best treatments in the experiment (minimum tillage with the sweep machine and seeding with the shoe drill) averaged approximately 300 lb/A more than commercial fields and weed control was effective.

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The influence of agronomic practices on the yield and oil content of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) in the Wimmera region of Victoria

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea9750270 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 15 (73) ◽

pp. 270 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

JC Naughtin

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Oil Content ◽

Carthamus Tinctorius ◽

Row Spacing ◽

Seeding Rate ◽

Agronomic Practices ◽

Large Yield ◽

Yield Responses

Between 1970 and 1972 three experiments were conducted in the Wimmera region of Victoria to investigate the effect of time of sowing, weed control, seeding rate and row spacing on the yield and oil content of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius). June sowing produced the best yields, although on occasions May or July sowings yielded equally well. There were large yield responses to weed control and seeding rates of at least 17 kg ha-1 were necessary. Higher yields were obtained from a row spacing of 0.18 m than from one of 0.36 m. Oil content was not affected by any experimental variable and showed little variation between the three years.

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Tolerance of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius), Corn (Zea mays), and Proso Millet (Panicum miliaceum) to Clomazone

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/s0890037x00026063 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 606-611 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Randy L. Anderson

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Weed Control ◽

Great Plains ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

Carthamus Tinctorius ◽

Grain Yields ◽

Crop Tolerance ◽

Proso Millet ◽

No Till ◽

New Crop

Clomazone is used in the Central Great Plains for weed control during fallow in a winter wheat-fallow rotation. Improved precipitation storage during non-crop periods has stimulated new crop rotations such as winter wheat-corn or proso millet-fallow. The objective of this study was to determine if clomazone applied in the fall after winter wheat harvest would injure succeeding spring-planted crops. Greenhouse studies indicated crop tolerance to clomazone was in the order of safflower > corn > proso millet > barley > winter wheat. Clomazone did not affect grain yields of safflower, corn, or proso millet grown at two field sites with different soil textures (silt loam and sandy loam), nor germination of seed from treated plants of these crops. A no-till production system with clomazone increased grain yields for all crops compared to the conventional system where tillage replaced clomazone for fallow weed control.

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Weed Control Ability of Single Sown Cover Crops Compared to Species Mixtures

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy9060294 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 294 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Alexandra Schappert ◽

Matthias Schumacher ◽

Roland Gerhards

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Cover Crops ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Carthamus Tinctorius ◽

Weed Suppression ◽

Anethum Graveolens ◽

Control Efficacy ◽

Oilseed Radish ◽

Adverse Weather

To achieve efficient weed control through cover cropping, the plant species chosen needs particular consideration. Combing different cover crop (CC) species in mixtures may increase the number of provided ecosystem services, including reliable suppression of weeds. We tested the weed suppression ability of single CC species and CC mixtures in a field trial during the autumn-to-winter growing season of 2016 and 2017. Anethum graveolens L. (dill), Raphanus sativus var. oleiformis Pers. (oilseed radish), Avena strigosa Schreb. (black oat), Carthamus tinctorius L. (safflower), Vicia sativa L. (vetch) and Phacelia tanacetifolia Benth. (phacelia) were sown in monocultures, as well as in mixtures with three or six species. Treatments with favorable establishment and above-average biomass yields tended to suppress weeds by showing lower weed dry matter and weed numbers. The highest weed control efficacy within the monocultures was reached in 2017 by black oat and oilseed radish with 72% and 83%, respectively. The mixture treatments reached a generally lower soil cover, aboveground dry matter and weed control efficacy (with an average of 57% in 2017). Even though mixtures were not as effective as the best performing single sown CCs, species combinations increased resilience against adverse weather conditions, an advantage to achieving efficient weed control over a long-term period. Therefore, species composition within mixtures is more relevant than the number of species included.

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