The influence of agronomic practices on the yield and oil content of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) in the Wimmera region of Victoria

1975 ◽  
Vol 15 (73) ◽  
pp. 270 ◽  
Author(s):  
JC Naughtin
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Carthamus Tinctorius ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Agronomic Practices ◽  
Large Yield ◽  
Yield Responses

Between 1970 and 1972 three experiments were conducted in the Wimmera region of Victoria to investigate the effect of time of sowing, weed control, seeding rate and row spacing on the yield and oil content of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius). June sowing produced the best yields, although on occasions May or July sowings yielded equally well. There were large yield responses to weed control and seeding rates of at least 17 kg ha-1 were necessary. Higher yields were obtained from a row spacing of 0.18 m than from one of 0.36 m. Oil content was not affected by any experimental variable and showed little variation between the three years.

Row spacing and seeding rates to optimize safflower yield on the Canadian prairies

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.-H. Mündel ◽  
R. J. Morrison ◽  
T. Entz ◽  
R. E. Blackshaw ◽  
B. T. Roth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Content ◽  
Carthamus Tinctorius ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
Days To Maturity ◽  
Effect On Yield ◽  
Seed Yields

Nine experiments were conducted in Alberta and Manitoba between 1988 and 1991 to determine the effect of row spacing and seeding rates on safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) yield, oil content, test weight and maturity. Row spacings of 15 and 30 cm at Morden had little effect on yield, while in southern Alberta there was a tendency toward increased yields with narrow rows (23 cm) compared with wide rows (46 cm). Seeding rates of 32–40 kg ha−1 were required to obtain maximum seed yields. Oil content, test weight, and days to maturity were not consistently affected by row spacing or seeding rate. Key words:Carthamus, row spacings, seeding rates, yield, oil, test weight, maturity

Herbicide efficacy for control of annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaud.) is influenced more by wheat seeding rate than row spacing

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (7) ◽  
pp. 708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deirdre Lemerle ◽  
Peter Lockley ◽  
Eric Koetz ◽  
Simon Diffey
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Lolium Rigidum ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
The Impact

Conservation cropping systems with no-till and stubble retention improve soil condition and water conservation. However, tillage is replaced by herbicides for weed control in these systems, increasing the threat of herbicide resistance. In the medium to high rainfall zones of the southern wheatbelt of Australia and under irrigation, wider row spacing is used to enable seeding into heavy stubble loads and to avoid stubble burning. Some evidence suggests that wider rows lead to reduced crop competitive ability and crop yields, greater herbicide dependence, and increased spread of resistance. Our aim was to test the hypothesis that increasing seeding rate compensated for reduced competitive ability at wider row spacings, especially when herbicide performance was suboptimal. We examined the impact of two wheat row spacings (18 and 36 cm) and five seeding rates (resulting in a range of densities of ~80–700 plants/m2) on control of Lolium rigidum with five rates of post-emergence application of diclofop-methyl (Hoegrass®), ranging from label rate to lower rates, over two growing seasons. In the presence of L. rigidum, wheat grain yield was unaffected by row spacing but was significantly reduced at low seeding rates, especially at lower herbicide rates. Lolium rigidum was suppressed at higher crop densities but was also unaffected by row spacing. Grain yield was maximised when post-emergence herbicide was applied at 60–100% of the recommended dose at wheat densities >~300 plants/m2. Significant levels of the weed remained in the crop at anthesis in all treatments. Weed dry matter ranged from 525 g/m2 at low crop densities and with no herbicide to 150 g/m2 with the recommended rate of herbicide and high wheat densities. The implications of manipulating crop competitive ability to improve weed control are discussed, especially in conditions where herbicide performance is unreliable due to weeds developing herbicide resistance or adverse environmental conditions.

Seeding rate and row spacing effect on weed competition, yield and quality of hemp in the Parkland region of Saskatchewan

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 911-915 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Vera ◽  
S. M. Woods ◽  
J. P. Raney
Keyword(s):  
Oil Content ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Spacing Effect ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Weed Competition ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Silty Loam

Field experiments were conducted on a Black Chernozem silty loam soil at Melfort, Saskatchewan, Canada, from 2000 to 2002, to determine the effect of seeding rate and row spacing on weed competition, as well as on seed, shoot biomass production and seed q uality attributes of industrial hemp ( Cannabis sativa L. ‘Fasamo’ and ‘Finola’). Increasing seeding rate from 20 to 60 or 80 kg ha-1decreased weed density in all years (average of 33%) and reduced weed size (34%) in 2000. It also increased hemp plant density, biomass and seed yield (average of 174, 23 and 34%, respectively). Seed weight and protein were not affected by seeding rates, but seed oil content increased 1% in one year, when seeding rate increased from 20 to 60 kg ha-1. Row spacing (18 and 36 cm) had little or no definite effect on most of the parameters studied. Key words: Biomass, cultivar, hemp, protein content, oil content, organic farming, row spacing, seeding rate, weed competition

Seeding Rate Effects on Weed Control and Yield For Organic Soybean Production

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 497-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
George T. Place ◽  
Samuel Chris Reberg-Horton ◽  
Jim E. Dunphy ◽  
Adam N. Smith
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Population Studies ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Soybean Production ◽  
Seed Technology ◽  
Rate Effects

The organic grain sector is one of the fastest growing sectors of the organic market, but farmers in the mid-Atlantic cannot meet the organic grain demand, including the demand for organic soybean. Weed management is cited by farmers as the largest challenge to organic soybean production. Recent soybean population studies show that lower seeding rates for genetically modified organism soybean farmers provide maximum economic return due to high seed technology fees and inexpensive herbicides. Such economic analysis may not be appropriate for organic soybean producers due to the absence of seed technology fees, stronger weed pressures, and price premiums for organic soybean. Soybean seeding rates in North Carolina have traditionally been suggested at approximately 247,000 live seeds/ha, depending on planting conditions. Higher seeding rates may result in a more competitive soybean population and better economic returns for organic soybean producers. Experiments were conducted in 2006 and 2007 to investigate seeding rates of 185,000, 309,000, 432,000, and 556,000 live seeds/ha. All rates were planted on 76-cm row spacing in organic and conventional weed management systems. Increased soybean seeding rates reduced weed ratings at three of the five sites. Increased soybean seeding rates also resulted in higher yield at three of the four sites. Maximum economic returns for organic treatments were achieved with the highest seeding rate in all sites. Results suggest that seeding rates as high as 556,000 live seeds/ha may provide organic soybean producers with better weed control, higher yield, and increased profits.

HERBICIDES FOR WEED CONTROL IN SAFFLOWER (Carthamus tinctorius)

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 237-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. BLACKSHAW ◽  
H.-H. MUENDEL ◽  
D. A. DERKSEN
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Carthamus Tinctorius ◽  
Severe Injury ◽  
Weed Competition ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Crop Tolerance

Field studies were conducted in 1986, 1987 and 1988 at Lethbridge, Alberta and in 1987 and 1988 at Indian Head, Saskatchewan to determine herbicides suitable for selective control of weeds in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Safflower exhibited acceptable tolerance to trifluralin, ethalfluralin, sethoxydim, fluazifop-p-butyl, clethodim, diclofop methyl, difenzoquat, imazamethabenz, chlorsulfuron, thiameturon, metsulfuron and DPX-A7881 over all years and locations. These herbicides offer the grower the option of preplant incorporated or postemergent herbicide application or a combination of the two. A mixture of thiameturon plus DPX-L5300 caused severe injury to safflower, reducing yield, oil content, and seed weight. Desmedipham, phenmedipham, and mixtures of these herbicides injured safflower at Lethbridge but not at Indian Head. Weeds reduced safflower yield by 39–73% over the 3 yr of the study. Control of weeds in safflower is essential to obtain optimum yields.Key words: Crop tolerance, seed yield, oil content, seed weight, weed competition

Reduced herbicide rates provide acceptable weed control regardless of corn planting strategy in Ontario field corn

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 373-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter H Sikkema ◽  
Robert E Nurse ◽  
Tom Welacky ◽  
Allan S Hamill
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Field Corn ◽  
Crop Density ◽  
Full Rate ◽  
Untreated Check

A study was conducted at three locations in central-southwestern Ontario from 1996 to 1998 to determine if corn (Zea mays L.) productivity and weed control can be maintained when row spacing is narrowed, crop density is increased and herbicide rate is reduced. Post-emergence herbicides [(rimsulfuron + nicosulfuron) plus (dicamba + atrazine)] at four rates (full label rate (1×), 75% full rate (0.75×), 50% full rate (0.5×) and an untreated check) were tested at three corn row-spacings (38, 50, and 75 cm) and two plant densities (75 000 and 90 000 plants ha-1). Herbicide application at the 0.5× rate versus an untreated check still allowed for increased corn yield (8.3 vs. 4.9 t ha-1) and decreased weed dry weight (9.4 vs. 240.4 g m-2), weed plant density (11.0 vs. 52.6 plants m-2) and weed seed density (239 vs. 14 241 seeds m-2). Corn LAI was not affected by decreasing herbicide rate. In this study, increasing corn plant density and decreasing corn row spacing were not factors in reducing herbicide inputs in corn cropping systems in central-southwestern Ontario. Herbicide rate could be reduced by up to 50% while maintaining corn grain yield, weed density, weed dry weight, and the number of weed seeds entering into the soil seed bank. Implementation of these reduced rates will help to increase the economic and environmental sustainability of the Canadian field corn industry. Key words: Agricultural systems, crop yield, seeding rate, sustainability, weed biomass

Screening of different nitrogen rates and intra-row spacing effects on yield and yield components of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) under microclimate conditions, Iğdır Plain, Turkey

2015 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Eryiğit ◽  
R. Akiş ◽  
A. R. Kaya
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Carthamus Tinctorius ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Seed Oil Content ◽  
Spacing Effects ◽  
Yield And Yield Components ◽  
Nitrogen Rates ◽  
Microclimate Conditions

Eryiğit, T., Akiş, R. and Kaya, A. R. 2015. Screening of different nitrogen rates and intra-row spacing effects on yield and yield components of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) under microclimate conditions, Iğdır Plain, Turkey. Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 141–147. The yield of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is affected by many factors, among which nitrogen fertilization and plant density are significant. This study was conducted as a split plot in a randomized complete block design arrangement with four replications, during the successive seasons 2011 and 2012, to determine the effects of nitrogen application rate and intra-row spacing on the growth, yield and yield components of safflower under the ecological conditions of the Iğdır Plain, Turkey. The main plots were three intra-row spacing (IRS1, IRS2 and IRS3) and subplots were four nitrogen rates (N1, N2, N3 and N4). Intra-row spacing had significant effects on all parameters except plant height and seed oil content. There were significant effects of fertilizer rate on all parameters except seed oil content. The interaction of nitrogen rate and years had significant effects on seed yield. Correlations showed significant negative results between 1000-seed weight and seed oil content (−0.217). However, there was a high seed yield in 2011 compared with 2012. Among intra-rows, IRS2 and IRS3 gave greater yield compared with IRS1, while N3 gave a higher yield than other N rates (0, 100, 150, 200 kg ha−1) in both years of the study, especially 2011.

scholarly journals Field germination and preservation of safower plants (Carthamus tinctorius L.) depending on the rowspacing width and seeding rate

2021 ◽  
pp. 145-155
Author(s):  
A. Rozhkov ◽  
D. Demkov
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Limited Liability ◽  
Carthamus Tinctorius ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Limited Liability Company ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
Three Factor

Taking into account extremely important signifcance of feld germination and plant preservation for their growth and development, the level of cropping capacity and product quality, it is of interest to establish the dependencies of these indicators on the elements of cultivation technology that determine the level of competitive struggle in agrophytocenoses. The conducted research was aimed at determining the influence of various combinations of row-spacing width and seeding rate on the feld germination and the preservation of safower plants under conditions of the eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine with its typical frequent heat and drought during the spring-summer vegetation. The research was carried out during 2019–2020 on the felds of limited (liability) company “Kayari” Chuguievsky district of Kharkiv region. In a three-factor experiment, we studied two varieties of safower – Lahidny and Dobrynya, three variants of row-spacing width – 15, 30 and 45 cm, and fve variants of the seeding rate – 240 thousand pieces/ha, 270, 300, 330 and 360 thousand pieces/ha. Considerable differences in the main meteorological indicators in the years of research made it possible to more fully determine the effect of row-spacing width and the seeding rate on the feld germination and plants survival of the studying safower varieties. Seeding rates in the studying range – from 240 to 360 thousand pieces/ha did not have a signifcant effect on the change in the feld germination of safower seeds of both varieties. At the same time, there was a tendency to increase this indicator due to an increase in the seeding rate. In particular, on average for the varieties and the studying variants of row-spacing width, with an increase in the seeding rate from 240 to 360 thousand pieces/ha, the feld germination of safower seeds increased by 1.1 % – from 80.2 to 81.3 %. Preservation of safower plants of both varieties signifcantly decreased with an increase in the seeding rate from 330 to 360 thousand pieces/ha. In the range of the seeding rate from 240 to 330 thousand units/ha, only a statistically unproven tendency to reduce this indicator was noted. There was no considerable difference between the preservation indicators of safower plants on the variants with row-spacing of 15 and 30 cm. This indicates that on these variants of row-spacing width, variation of competition between plants depending on the seeding rate in the studying range does not lead to a signifcant decrease in plant preservation indicators. Key words: safower, variety, row-spacing width, seeding rate, plant preservation, feld germination.

EFFECT OF WATER, NITROGEN AND ROW SPACING ON YIELD AND OIL CONTENT OF BROWN SARSON

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 437-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. SINGH ◽  
M. YUSUF
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Brassica Campestris ◽  
Water Yield ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Effect Of Water ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
Irrigation Levels ◽  
Brown Sarson

Results showed that yield of brown sarson (Brassica campestris L. var. dichotoma Watt.) was curvilinearly related to the irrigation levels, peaking at 21.8 cm of water. Yield responses to nitrogen were greater with than without irrigation, were not influenced by row spacings at low levels of water but were greater with low than with the high density plantings (narrower spacings) at the high levels of water. Oil content was increased by irrigation, increased by nitrogen at the low levels but decreased at the high levels (48 and 60 kg/ha), and was directly related to the row spacing under restricted water supply and inversely related to row spacing under adequate water supply.

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