scholarly journals Coping with Work Stressors and Paving the Way for Flow: Challenge and Hindrance Demands, Humor, and Cynicism

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 2257-2277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lise A. van Oortmerssen ◽  
Marjolein C. J. Caniëls ◽  
Marcel F. van Assen
Keyword(s):  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Work Stressors ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Organizational Issues ◽  
Stress Relieving ◽  
Challenge Stress ◽  
Hindrance Stress ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Flow At Work

Abstract Although the concept of flow at work is increasingly receiving scholarly attention, knowledge about the interaction between challenge and hindrance stress demands in the context of flow is still lacking. Moreover, little is known about the stress-relieving capacity of coping mechanisms in connection to work-related flow. The aim of our study is to investigate whether and how challenge stress demands are related to work-related flow, and whether this relationship is moderated by a three-way interaction between challenge stress demands × hindrance stress demands × use of humor/cynicism. For this study we use survey data from 265 employees of a financial service organization in the Netherlands. Results clearly indicate a positive linear association between challenge demands and work-related flow and a negative association between hindrance demands and flow. Support is found for an interaction effect between challenge and hindrance stress demands, showing that hindrance demands weaken the positive association between challenge demands and work-related flow. Finally, cynicism is found to alter this relationship between work stress demands and work-related flow, increasing the negative effect of hindrance demands and confirming the expected three-way interaction. Results from this study have implications for the theory on work-related flow and advance the challenge-hindrance stressors framework. Insights from this study suggest that managers who wish to foster work-related flow should be alert to the use of cynicism among employees and address organizational issues that cultivate the negative attitude underlying this.

(How) Will I Socialize You? The Impact of Supervisor Initial Evaluations and Subsequent Support on the Socialization of Temporary Newcomers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Dufour ◽  
Pablo I. Escribano ◽  
Massimo Maoret
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Challenge Stress ◽  
Hindrance Stress ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Task

This study proposes and tests a new theoretical model explaining whether, and how, supervisors socialize “temporary newcomers,” defined as new organizational members who join an organization on a temporary basis, with a potential, but uncertain, opportunity of receiving a long-term job offer in the future. We suggest that under specific conditions, supervisors first evaluate temporary newcomers’ proactivity based on whether they positively stand out by proposing new feasible ideas and by promoting their achievements. On the basis of these initial evaluations, supervisors then decide whether to increase their support of newcomers’ creativity (using an investiture approach) or to intensify newcomers’ socialization by attempting to change their behavior (using a divestiture approach). When supervisors adopt an investiture approach, it positively influences temporary newcomers’ socialization adjustment outcomes, as indicated by increased newcomer job satisfaction, social integration, task performance, organizational and task socialization, challenge stress, and reduced hindrance stress. When supervisors instead adopt a divestiture approach, it has an opposite (thus negative) effect on the same socialization outcomes. We tested our theoretical model using a mix-method design, based on a three-wave longitudinal sample of 325 newcomer–supervisor dyads spanning a wide range of companies and industries, complemented with interviews of 41 supervisors.

scholarly journals The Effect of Changes in Employment on Health of Work-Related Injured Workers: A Longitudinal Perspectives

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 470
Author(s):  
Han-Kyoul Kim ◽  
Kyu-Min Kim ◽  
Jae-Hak Kim ◽  
Hyun-Sill Rhee
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Propensity Score ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Industrial Accident ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Overall Health Status

This longitudinal study attempted to identify changes in employment status and overall health status. The participants were workers who had experienced work-related injuries in the past. In this study, we used the Panel Study of Workers’ Compensation Insurance from 2013 to 2017. This study utilized propensity score matching for a quasi-experimental design study of the first year to exclude the effects of the confounding variables and exclude the effect of employment status, which is the main independent variable. After applying propensity score matching the research subjects totaled 1070. Changes in employment status were found to have a negative effect on overall health status. This raises new implications for existing industrial accident-related support policies. Thus, it is considered that the scope should be expanded from policies related to re-employment of workers after an industrial accident to improving quality of life through maintaining employment from a long-term perspective. The notable point of this study was to apply the PSM methods. By applying PSM, we clearly identified the effect of changes in employment status on health status.

The Impact of Organisational, Social Environmental and Job Content Stressors on the Work Related Strains of Probation Officers

2001 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare O'donnell ◽  
Christine Stephens
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Workplace Stress ◽  
Probation Officers ◽  
Curvilinear Relationship ◽  
Work Stressors ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Job Content ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

In recent years workplace stress has been seen as an important occupational health and safety problem and probation officers in New Zealand have been identified as suffering from increasing perceptions of stress. Accordingly, the present study was undertaken with a sample of 50 New Zealand Probation Officers in three offices to examine the relationship of individual, organisational and work stressors with work related strains. It was predicted that work stressors would be positively related to strains and that individual differences (e.g., age or gender) would have a moderating effect on the relationship between stressors and strains. The results showed that stressors caused by organisational problems, such as role boundary and overload, were related to strains, more strongly than job content problems, such as difficult clients. Secondly, age may have a curvilinear relationship to strains. Thirdly, the office, or place of work, moderates the stressor strain relationship.

After-hours work-related technology use and individuals' deviance: the role of interruption overload, psychological transition and task closure

Kybernetes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Junaid Khalid ◽  
Qingxiong Derek Weng ◽  
Adeel Luqman ◽  
Muhammad Imran Rasheed ◽  
Maryam Hina
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Technology Use ◽  
Deviant Behavior ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Research Model ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Work Related ◽  
After Hours ◽  
And Task

PurposeThe information and communication technologies have made it progressively practical for employees to remain associated with work, even when they are not in the workplace. However, prior studies have provided very little understanding of the implications for the deviant behavior aspect. The current study aims to investigate the association between after-hours work-related technology usage and interpersonal, organizational and nonwork deviance through psychological transition, interruption overload and task closure. The authors draw upon the theory of conservation of resource (COR) to examine the research model.Design/methodology/approachThe primary data for the study has been collected in two waves from the sample of 318 employees who were working in diverse organizations in the Anhui province of the People's Republic of China for empirical testing of the authors’ research model.FindingsThis study's findings have revealed the positive association of after-hour work-related technology use with individuals' deviance in its entire three forms through psychological transition and interruption overload and have negative associations with all forms of deviance through task closure.Originality/valueThe significant contribution of this study is in the literature on technology use and employee outcomes, by identifying the consequences of technology use in both work (interpersonal deviance and organizational deviance) and outside work domain (nonwork deviance) and exploring the underlying mechanisms for these relationships in detail. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first of its kind that investigates a relationship between after-hours technology use and all three kinds of deviance while exploring both the positive and negative perspectives in one study.

Ideal self and proactive physical wellness behaviors predict leader flow at work

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald G. Gardner ◽  
Renee Moorefield
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Conservation Of Resources ◽  
Ideal Self ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Physical Wellness ◽  
Flow At Work ◽  
Experience Of Flow

Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine predictors of leader flow (well-being) at work, based on conservation-of-resources theory. The authors also introduce the concept of fuel, the proactive and strategic use of physical wellness behaviors to generate the energy needed to manage personal stress, maximize performance and to thrive in life. Specifically, the authors examined the main and interactive relationships of leader self-reports of ideal self and fuel on flow at work. Design/methodology/approach Three different samples of leaders were surveyed online over a three-year period. Findings In all three samples, leaders high in self-reported fuel had strong, positive relationships between their ideal selves and flow at work. Leaders low in self-reported fuel had negative or non-significant relationships between ideal selves and flow. Practical implications Leaders can be coached to develop and use a healthy ideal self and to proactively engage in physical wellness behaviors, to enhance their workplace well-being. This coaching can be strengthened by emphasizing the connection between possessing an ideal self, and engaging in physical wellness behaviors, and resulting leader well-being. Originality/value This is the first study to examine and demonstrate that a combination of proactive leader wellness behaviors is critical to their experience of flow at work, an indicator of work-related well-being.

Appraisals matter: relationships between entrepreneurs' stress appraisals and venture-based outcomes

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew A. Bennett ◽  
Stephen E. Lanivich ◽  
M. Mahdi Moeini Gharagozloo ◽  
Yusuf Akbulut
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Business Growth ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mixed Methods Approach ◽  
Methodological Triangulation ◽  
Stress Appraisals ◽  
Challenge Stress ◽  
Hindrance Stress ◽  
Qualitative Exploration

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate how stress appraisals (i.e. cognitive evaluations) influence entrepreneurial outcomes like expected financial well-being, life satisfaction, business growth and exit intentions.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses a mixed-methods approach to provide methodological triangulation by analyzing data from two independent samples (qualitative data from 100 entrepreneurs in Study 1; quantitative regression analysis of a sample of 142 entrepreneurs in Study 2).FindingsResults from the qualitative exploration (Study 1) show that entrepreneurs appraised venture-related stressors differently as a challenge, threat or hindrance. The quantitative study (Study 2) found that challenge stress appraisals were positively related to expected financial well-being and expected life satisfaction, threat stress appraisals were negatively related to expected financial well-being and positively related to business exit intentions, and hindrance stress appraisals were positively related to expected business growth and negatively related to business exit intentions.Originality/valueMost entrepreneurship research focuses on stressors rather than appraisals of the stressor. Drawing upon the transactional theory of stress that explains how stress appraisals are an important consideration for understanding the stress process, these two studies showed that stress appraisals differ for each entrepreneur (Study 1) and that stress appraisals explain more variance in many entrepreneurial outcomes than stressors (Study 2).

scholarly journals Intelligence, consistency, and Emerson's dilemma

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimmo Sorjonen ◽  
Tomas Hemmingsson ◽  
Bo Melin
Keyword(s):  
Reading Ability ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Response Style ◽  
Measurement Instruments ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Regression Toward The Mean ◽  
Response Consistency ◽  
Large Representative

In a large representative sample of Swedish male conscripts (N = 49,246), we demonstrate a positive association between intelligence and response consistency on items measuring endorsement of a strong military defense. This association is accentuated, to some degree, by an apparent difficulty to handle reversed items among those with low intelligence. Consequently, due to regression toward the mean, reversed items in measurement instruments would tend to have a negative effect on statistical power when analyzing the association between whatever the instrument is measuring and intelligence. On the other hand, the presence of reversed items could mitigate bias in the measurement due to an acquiescent response style among those with low intelligence. Lack of motivation/carelessness and inadequate reading ability among some subjects are two possible confounders for the found association in the present study.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic Status, Institutional Power, and Body Mass Index among Chinese Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (20) ◽  
pp. 10620
Author(s):  
Weidong Li ◽  
Shuzhuo Li ◽  
Marcus W. Feldman
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Chinese Adults ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Force Dynamics ◽  
Institutional Power ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Positive Effect

Despite the vast literature on the socioeconomic status (SES) gradient of obesity among adult people, no study has investigated the relationship between institutional power and body mass index. Using national survey data from the “China Labor-force Dynamics Survey 2016” (CLDS 2016), multistage cluster-stratified probability proportional to size (PPS) sampling was employed to select cases from 29 provinces, cities, and autonomous regions in China. This study adopts an institutional approach to explore the influences of SES and institutional power on the state of being overweight or severely overweight (obese) among Chinese adults. It is shown that SES has a non-linear influence on being overweight or obese, higher education has a negative effect on being overweight or obese, income has an inverted U-shaped effect on being overweight or obese, and having a managerial or administrative job has a positive effect on being overweight but less so on obesity. These findings reveal that disparities in health outcome and risks are due to inequality in SES. The work unit is a stronger predictor of adults being overweight or obese than occupation. Working in the public sector has a positive effect on being overweight relative to working in the private sector, and only state institutions and government departments have a positive association with obesity. Our results indicate that institutional structure still has effects on individuals’ life chances in the era of China’s market transition.

A Novel Approach on Negative Association Rules

2011 ◽  
pp. 1425-1430
Author(s):  
Ioannis N. Kouris
Keyword(s):  
Association Rules ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Association Rules Mining ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Negative Association Rules ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of

Research in association rules mining has initially concentrated in solving the obvious problem of finding positive association rules; that is rules among items that exist in the stored transactions. It was only several years after that the possibility of finding also negative association rules became especially appealing and was investigated. Nevertheless researchers based their assumptions regarding negative association rules on the absence of items from transactions. This assumption though besides being dubious, since it equated the absence of an item with a conflict or negative effect on the rest items, it also brought out a series of computational problems with the amount of possible patterns that had to be examined and analyzed. In this work we give an overview of the works having engaged with the subject until now and present a novel view for the definition of negative influence among items.

Reducing Older Workers’ Sickness Absence: The Moderating Role of Perceived Fairness

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-136
Author(s):  
Bernadeta Goštautaitė ◽  
Yiduo Shao
Keyword(s):  
Sickness Absence ◽  
Social Exchange ◽  
Older Workers ◽  
Social Exchange Theory ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Perceived Fairness ◽  
Employee Survey ◽  
Public Sector Organization ◽  
Negative Effect

Abstract Although aging is often associated with higher vulnerability for illness, research has reported mixed results regarding the relationship between workers’ age and sickness absence. Drawing on social exchange theory, we propose that perceived fairness may attenuate the positive association between employee age and sickness absence. We tested our hypotheses by matching employee survey data with organizational archival data on sickness absence from a public sector organization in Lithuania (n = 458). Our findings showed that perceived fairness buffered the negative effect of age on sickness absence, which provides important implications.

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