Directional discrepancy between implicit and explicit power motives is related to well-being among managers

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Kazén ◽  
Julius Kuhl
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Implicit And Explicit

Rising above It: Status Ambivalence in Older Adults

Gerontology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 576-588
Author(s):  
Deirdre A. Robertson ◽  
David Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Protective Mechanism ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Social ◽  
Implicit And Explicit

Background: Social status is the standing of a person or group in the social hierarchy, and is perceived to change across the life span from low social status in early life, to peak in midlife, and to a decline thereafter. As threats to subjective social status are known to be detrimental to individuals’ health, it is important to better understand how older adults perceive themselves and others in terms of age-related social status. Objective: We examined status ambivalence – the potential discrepancy between how older adults’ perceive social status for themselves compared to older adults in general. Method: Study 1 used qualitative data from 37 semi-structured interviews with older adults to assess perceptions of social status. Study 2 used quantitative survey data from 114 older adults who completed explicit and implicit measures of social status. Results: Study 1 (n = 37, meanage = 71.72, SDage = 5.69; 81.1% women) provided preliminary evidence for status ambivalence such that older adults reported unequivocal low social status for other older adults but a more ambivalent perception of their own social status. Study 2 (n = 114, meanage = 64.32, SDage = 8.98, 57.9% women) compared implicit and explicit measures of social status revealing that older adults consistently perceive older adults to have low social status but again show a more ambivalent perception of their own social status. Conclusion: We discuss status ambivalence as a potential protective mechanism in the context of negative societal perceptions of age-related social status that may be important for well-being in later life.

Welfare governmentalities: pastoralism and parties’ youth wings in Mexico

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (13/14) ◽  
pp. 808-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgar Zavala Pelayo
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Religious Values ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Spanish Colonial ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Other World ◽  
Governmentality Studies ◽  
Implicit And Explicit

Purpose From a micro-macro perspective, the purpose of this paper is to analyze the welfare-related criteria reported by the heads of political parties’ youth wings in Mexico, the implicit and explicit religious beliefs that inform some of those criteria and the (Foucauldian) pastoral genealogy of both the criteria and beliefs. Design/methodology/approach The paper draws on qualitative data from semi-structured interviews with a group of 32 heads of three political parties’ youth wings in Mexico. The interpretation of the data builds on a previous genealogical analysis of Foucauldian pastoralism in colonial Mexico. Findings The respondents’ criteria on a state that should aim at procuring “material-spiritual” and “material-transcendental” types of well-being and politics as “help,” are partly informed by religious values. Such criteria and religious values have been partly constructed out of a pastoralism which was deployed during the Spanish colonial regime and included “temporal” and “spiritual” teleologies of government and the practice of charity as (self-)governmental technique. Originality/value The literature on welfare/social policies of Latin American countries like Mexico tends not to problematize issues of secularity other than the religions’ undesirable intrusions in the political field. Governmentality studies also tend to bypass Foucault’s discussion of pastoralism. An empirical study of the pastoral genealogy of contemporary political rationalities in a constitutionally secular country such as Mexico can prompt further research on the gaps above and comparative analyses of pastoral and welfare governmentalities across Latin American and other world regions.

Asking about well-being gets you half an answer: Intra-individual processes of implicit and explicit job attitudes

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 672-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Leavitt ◽  
Christina T. Fong ◽  
Anthony G. Greenwald
Keyword(s):  
Job Attitudes ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Implicit And Explicit

scholarly journals How to select a true leader?

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 235-253
Author(s):  
Nataša Trojak ◽  
Zvonimir Galić
Keyword(s):  
Management Practice ◽  
Thematic Apperception Test ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Business Organizations ◽  
Leadership Performance ◽  
Reasoning Test ◽  
Successful Leadership ◽  
Thematic Apperception ◽  
Power Motive ◽  
Implicit And Explicit

Organizations mark the life of every individual, and the success and well-being of an individual largely depends on the success of organizations they belong to. The success of an organization is significantly influenced by those who are in charge of it, leaders or managers, so it is important for organizations to choose those who will do this job well. There is a large number of studies with the subject of successful leadership, and the dominant ones are those in which the traits of a successful leader are investigated. One of the traits identified as an important element of a leader’s success is the power motive. It consists of implicit and explicit dimensions, and the implicit dimension has been shown to be an important, and yet mostly overlooked, determinant of leadership performance. Measurement of the implicit dimension requires specially crafted instruments, including the “classic” Thematic Apperception Test, as well as recently introduced instruments such as the Implicit Association Test and the Conditional Reasoning Test for Power Motive. In this paper, we argue that introduction of the tests that assess implicit power motive to human resource management practice of business organizations might significantly improve selection procedures for leadership positions.

Implicit–Explicit Motive Congruence and Moderating Factors

2019 ◽  
pp. 185-203
Author(s):  
Todd M. Thrash ◽  
Lena M. Wadsworth ◽  
Yoon Young Sim ◽  
Xiaoqing Wan ◽  
Channing E. Everidge
Keyword(s):  
Past Research ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Body Awareness ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Explicit Motives ◽  
Moderating Factors ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Implicit And Explicit

This chapter reviews the literature on congruence between implicit (unconscious) and explicit (conscious) motives. The conventional wisdom that implicit and explicit motives are statistically independent is shown to be incorrect. Meta-analyses of past studies indicate that, on average, implicit and explicit motives are weakly positively correlated rather than uncorrelated. The correlation becomes stronger when methodological shortcomings of past research, such as unreliability of measurement, are overcome. Nevertheless, the relation remains modest enough that the discrepancy between implicit and explicit motives carries important information about personality congruence. The relation between implicit and explicit motives has been found to vary systematically as a function of substantive moderator variables, such as self-determination, self-monitoring, and body awareness. Motive congruence is predicted distally by satisfaction of basic needs during childhood and proximally by stress among individuals who have difficulty regulating affect. Motive congruence predicts important outcomes, including volitional strength, flow, well-being, healthy eating, and relationship stability. The chapter closes with a discussion of future research directions, such as the distinction between congruence and integration constructs.

Implicit and explicit measures of adult attachment to mothers in a Chinese context

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 701-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Ren ◽  
Dengfeng Wang ◽  
Anbo Yang ◽  
Meng Li ◽  
Louise T. Higgins
Keyword(s):  
Adult Attachment ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Chinese Context ◽  
Face Scale ◽  
Implicit And Explicit ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Explicit Measures

In this study we explored the relationship between implicit and explicit measures of adult attachment to mothers and the validity of the Implicit Association Test (IAT; Greenwald, McGhee, & Schwartz, 1998) as a tool for measuring adult attachment in a Chinese context. Conscious and explicit adult attachment were assessed using 2 multiple self-report measures; namely, the Relationship Questionnaire (RQ; Bartholomew & Horowitz, 1991) and the Experiences in Close Relationships Scale (ECR; Brennan, Clark, & Shaver, 1998). The implicit processes of adult attachment were assessed using 2 IATs, which were developed based on the 2-dimensional attachment model (Bartholomew & Horowitz, 1991). Self-esteem, as measured by the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale (Rosenberg, 1965), and subjective well-being, as measured by the Face Scale (Andrews & Withey, 1976), were designed as potential correlates of the implicit and explicit attachment measures. Fifty-six undergraduates participated in this study, and it was concluded that both the Self-IAT and the Other-IAT (1) could be used to measure adult attachment with satisfactory reliability and validity; (2) were significantly related to the 2 dimensions of adult attachment, as measured by the RQ and the ECR; (3) correlated significantly positively with subjective well-being, but not with explicit self-esteem. We concluded that implicit and explicit attachment measures might represent different aspects of the same underlying construct.

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