Effect of Multi-Cycle Nitrocarburizing on the Microstructure and Surface Hardness of Low-Carbon Steel

2010 ◽

Vol 34-35 ◽

pp. 1338-1342

Author(s):

Zheng Guan Ni

Keyword(s):

Wear Resistance ◽

Carbon Steel ◽

Steel Surface ◽

Surface Hardness ◽

Low Carbon Steel ◽

Surface Electrode ◽

Low Carbon ◽

Wear Resistant ◽

Cladding Layer ◽

Carbon Steel Surface

through super-hard wear-resistant surface electrode surfacing D707 in Low-carbon steel. We have analysis the effect of welding process parameters and post-weld heat treatment process on low carbon steel surface hardness of cladding layer. The experimental results show that: after quenching hardness value no significant change; But after annealing the hardness value decreased and after annealing the crystal grain of the underlying tissues uniformization become tiny. micro-hardness testing is carried out in the weld cross-section, we have find out that from the base metal to the cladding layer the surface hardness values is getting higher and higher, while the indentation is getting smaller and smaller. Because hardness is a measure of wear resistance materials, thus it can indirectly show that when low-carbon steel surface electrode in the super-hard wear-resistant surfacing welding layer, it can improve the surface hardness of low carbon steel and improve wear resistance of low carbon steel surface.

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Pengaruh Media Arang Kayu Bakau Mangrove Dan Arang Kayu Asam Pada Proses Perlakuan Carburizing Terhadap Sifat Mekanik Baja Karbon ST-37

JURNAL FLYWHEEL ◽

10.36040/flywheel.v12i2.4280 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 30-37

Author(s):

Rico Arifandi ◽

Gerald Adityo Pohan

Keyword(s):

Carbon Steel ◽

Heating Temperature ◽

Surface Hardness ◽

Low Carbon Steel ◽

Martensite Phase ◽

Wood Charcoal ◽

Holding Time ◽

Low Carbon ◽

Solid Media ◽

The Impact

In the military field, tank is armored fighting vehicles that move using chain-shaped wheels. The tread of the tank chain is a component to tread and move so that it requires tougher properties on the surface and has ductile and tough properties on the inside and is more resistant to wear on the surface. The development of tank chain production materials is necessary for the independence of national defense and security as well as reducing dependence on imports. Imported tank chain hardness value 28 HRC or 286 HV. In this research, the objective of this research is to increase the surface hardness of the steel by carburizing the initial material, especially the low carbon steel ST-37. The carburizing treatment process is a method of adding carbon content in steel using solid media. The carbon media used were mangrove charcoal and tamarind wood charcoal using calcium carbonate (CaCO3) catalyst at a constant heating temperature of 900ºC, variations in holding time of 30 minutes, 60 minutes and 90 minutes, cooled rapidly with water media. Then performed an analysis of the effect of the type of wood charcoal on the mechanical properties of carbon steel ST-37. The results obtained will be applied to the tank chain tread production process. The results of the micro structure of martensite and the highest hardness value were found in the holding time of 60 minutes of mangrove charcoal media with the microstructure results of 63.8% martensite, 36.2% bainite and a hardness value of 453.1 HV. The highest toughness value is found in the holding time of 60 minutes of tamarind wood charcoal media with an impact price (HI) of 0.4345 J/mm2. The difference between the impact test results of tamarind charcoal media with mangroves is not too significant. The higher the martensite phase, the higher the hardness value. However, there is also a bainite phase which can increase the toughness of the steel which will be used as a tread chain production material.

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Effect of Plastic Deformation on Torsional Fatigue Properties of a Low Carbon Steel

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.324-325.63 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 324-325 ◽

pp. 63-68

Author(s):

Shinichi Nishida ◽

Nobusuke Hattori ◽

Cong Ling Zhou ◽

Akihiro Uchisako

Keyword(s):

Plastic Deformation ◽

Carbon Steel ◽

Surface Hardness ◽

Low Carbon Steel ◽

Fem Analysis ◽

Axial Direction ◽

Residual Stress Distribution ◽

Fatigue Properties ◽

Low Carbon ◽

Torsional Fatigue

This paper is aimed to investigate the effect of roller working on the torsional fatigue properties of a typical low carbon steel referring by the resutls of FEM analysis. Three types of specimens had been prepared with plastic deformation value of 0, 0.5 and 1.0mm, respectively. The main results obtained in this study are as follows: (1) The torsional fatigue strength of roller-worked specimen with 1.0mm plastic deformation is increased more than twice of that of non-rollerworked specimens. (2) Surface hardness of roller worked specimen is much higher than that of the non-roller worked one, and compressed and elongated structure is formed at the notch bottom of the specimen. (3) Crack length along the axial direction of roller worked specimens is longer than that of the non-roller worked specimen, and plural cracks initiated and propagated in the roller worked specimens. (4) The residual stress distribution at the specimen’s notch bottom was analysed using FEM analysis and it is verified the same tendency as the experimental results.

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Mechanical Properties of Burnished Steel AISI 1008

Al-Khwarizmi Engineering Journal ◽

10.22153/kej.2018.06.005 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 133-142

Author(s):

Zeyad D. Kadhim ◽

Mohammed Abdulraoof Abdulrazzaq ◽

Wassan Suheil Hussain

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Fatigue Strength ◽

Carbon Steel ◽

Residual Stresses ◽

Fatigue Limit ◽

Surface Hardness ◽

Low Carbon Steel ◽

Low Carbon ◽

Burnishing Process ◽

Steel Aisi

Burnishing improves fatigue strength, surface hardness and decrease surface roughness of metal because this process transforms tensile residual stresses into compressive residual stresses. Roller burnishing tool is used in the present work on low carbon steel (AISI 1008) specimens. In this work, different experiments were used to study the influence of feed parameter and speed parameter in burnishing process on fatigue strength, surface roughness and surface hardness of low carbon steel (AISI 1008) specimens. The first parameter used is feed values which were (0.6, 0.8, and 1) mm at constant speed (370) rpm, while the second parameter used is speed at values (540, 800 and 1200) rpm and at constant feed (1) mm. The results of the fatigue test showed that improvement in fatigue limit, where the highest fatigue limit was obtained at (1mm feed, 1200rpm speed) in burnishing process which was (169 Mpa). The hardness results, showed increasing feed and speed values lead to increasing the hardness. The burnishing process reduces surface roughness by producing accurate and better surface finish. The best surface fineness of metal at (1mm feed and 1200 rpm speed) was 0.11 μm.

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A study of the pack carburizing quenching treatment with cane molasses cooling medium effect on the wear resistance of low carbon steel

Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies ◽

10.15587/1729-4061.2021.228627 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (12 (110)) ◽

pp. 32-37

Author(s):

Sujita Darmo ◽

Sinarep Sinarep ◽

Rudy Soenoko

Keyword(s):

Wear Resistance ◽

Carbon Steel ◽

Carbon Content ◽

Surface Hardness ◽

Low Carbon Steel ◽

Low Carbon ◽

Cane Molasses ◽

Hardness Number ◽

Cooling Medium ◽

Cooling Media

In the present study, various quenching media were added as cooling media for the quenching after pack carburizing treatment. The aim of this research is to get a suitable cooling medium for pack carburizing quenching treatment to increase the wear resistance of low carbon steel. Many cylindrical specimens for the adhesion wear tests were prepared from the used SS400 steel according to ASTM G99-04 specifications. Two heat treatment processes, namely pack carburizing and quenching were done. Firstly, the specimens are pack-carburized at a temperature of 875 °C, soaking time of 2 hours and quenched. The carburizing agent consists of Pinctada maxima shell powder (PMSP) and corn cob charcoal with a weight ratio of 30:70 %. Different cooling media (water, 10 % NaCl solution, 10 % cane molasses) in the pack carburizing quenching treatment are subjected to different kinds of tests. The hardness test was performed using Vickers micro hardness tester, the wear resistance was used in adhesive wear test, the carbon content was determined and microstructure examination was made using a scanning electron microscope (SEM-EDX). The result showed that all cooling media contributed to an increase in mechanical properties (surface hardness number, wear resistance), carbon content and microstructure change. The use of cooling media in the pack carburizing quenching process generally increases the surface hardness number of the specimen. The highest surface hardness number was 595 kg/mm2, respectively using 10 % cane molasses. The work shows that cane molasses can be used as a cooling medium for pack carburizing quenching of SS400 steel and contributed to the improvement of wear resistance

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Surface Characteristics of Low Carbon Steel JIS G3101 SS400 after Sandblasting Process by Steel Grit G25

Journal of Engineering Research ◽

10.36909/jer.10091 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Muslimin Muslimin ◽

◽

Azam Milah Muhamad ◽

Farid Triawan ◽

Asep Bayu Dani Nandiyanto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Steel ◽

Surface Characterization ◽

Visual Inspection ◽

Surface Hardness ◽

Low Carbon Steel ◽

Surface Characteristics ◽

Hardened Layer ◽

Hardness Profile ◽

Low Carbon ◽

Paint Thickness

This research aims to study the surface characteristics of low carbon steel JIS G3101 SS400 processed by sandblasting using steel grit G25. The sandblasting process is conducted at a fixed nozzle pressure of 5 bar and pressure angle of 90o, and varying nozzle-to-surface distances at 15, 25, and 30 cm, and blasting durations of 25, 45, and 120 s. Surface characterization is firstly carried out by conducting observation on the surface’s morphology by SEM and chemical composition by EDS. Subsequently, visual inspection and measurement on surface roughness and hardness profile identification by Rockwell and micro-Vickers hardness tests are conducted. A paint thickness test using ASTM D7091 was undertaken to observe the surface characteristics related to the coating process. Based on the result, SEM found valleys, granules, micro-cracks, and grits embedded on the surface. The visual inspection shows the roughness is within the range of Sa2 - Sa3 of ISO 8501 with values are Ra 18.1 and Ra 21.4 µm. The hardened layer exhibits a maximum hardness value of 332 HV and a depth of more than 50 µm by sandblasting parameters of 15 cm distance and 120 s duration. Both roughness and hardness profiles are confirmed, increasing with closer nozzle-to-surface distance and longer blast duration. It is concluded that sandblasting using steel grit G25 is effective in improving the mechanical strength and surface hardness of low carbon steel SS400. These mechanical properties are essential in the paint coating of machinery applications such as pump, tank, ship, and pipeline.

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Influence of Combined Processes between Gas Soft Nitriding and Carburizing to Hardness of Low Carbon Steel

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.415-417.1186 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 415-417 ◽

pp. 1186-1189

Author(s):

Somsak Siwadamrongpong ◽

Sorada Khaengkarn ◽

Krid Tachee

Keyword(s):

Carbon Steel ◽

Low Cost ◽

Surface Hardness ◽

Low Carbon Steel ◽

Small Variation ◽

Case Depth ◽

Combined Processes ◽

Low Carbon ◽

Good Surface ◽

Gas Carburizing

Low carbon steel is widely used in industries due to its low cost and easy to recycle. However, the low carbon steel is also known that easily attacked by environment and low strength compared with other kinds of steel. Therefore, several surface coating and treatment techniques are employed to improve its properties. This study was aimed to investigate influence of combined processes between gas soft nitriding and gas carburizing on the hardness of low carbon steel. The specimen was normalized by normalizing and shot blasting. Then the specimen was treated by gas carburizing, gas carbonitriding and combined processes between gas soft nitriding and gas carburizing. It was found that the combined processes yielded the good surface hardness and total case depth compared to other conditions. The most advantage of the combined processes could be considered to be very small variation of hardness.

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