The time-dependent cellular response mechanism upon exposure to zinc oxide nanoparticles

Background Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are widely used in household and cosmetic products which imply an increased releasing of these particles into the environment, especially aquatic ecosystems, resulting in the need of assessing the potential toxic effects of ZnO NPS on the aquatic organisms, particularly on microalgae which form the base for food chain of aquatic biota. The present study has investigated the dose- and time-dependent cellular accumulation and the corresponding cytotoxic effects of increasing concentrations of ZnO NPs from 10–200 μg/mL on microalga Haematococcus pluvialis at an interval of 24 h for 96 h. Methods The scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) was used to qualitatively detect the cellular accumulation of ZnO NPs in algal cells, while inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) was performed to quantify the cell associated-zinc in algal cells. The percentage of cell death, reduction in algal biomass, and loss in photosynthetic pigments were measured to investigate the cytotoxic effects of ZnO NPs on H. pluvialis. Extracellular and intracellular changes in algal cells resulted from the treatment of ZnO NPs were demonstrated through optical, scanning, and transmission electron microscopic studies. Results SEM-EDX spectrum evidenced the accumulation of ZnO NPs in algal biomass and ICP OES results reported a significant (p < 0.05) dose- and time-dependent accumulation of zinc in algal cells from 24 h for all the tested concentrations of ZnO NPs (10–200 μg/mL). Further, the study showed a significant (p < 0.05) dose- and time-dependent growth inhibition of H. pluvialis from 72 h at 10–200 μg/mL of ZnO NPs. The morphological examinations revealed substantial surface and intracellular damages in algal cells due to the treatment of ZnO NPs. Discussion The present study reported the significant cellular accumulation of ZnO NPs in algal cells and the corresponding cytotoxic effects of ZnO NPs on H. pluvialis through the considerable reduction in algal cell viability, biomass, and photosynthetic pigments together with surface and intracellular damages.

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Dosage- and time-dependent antibacterial effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles determined by a highly uniform SERS negating undesired spectral variation

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry ◽

10.1007/s00216-016-9478-z ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 408 (14) ◽

pp. 3853-3865 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Bifeng Zhang ◽

Li Cui ◽

Kaisong Zhang

Keyword(s):

Zinc Oxide ◽

Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Antibacterial Effect ◽

Time Dependent ◽

Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Spectral Variation ◽

Highly Uniform

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Cytotoxic effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles on cyanobacteriumSpirulina (Arthrospira) platensis

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.4682 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

pp. e4682 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Sinouvassane Djearamane ◽

Yang Mooi Lim ◽

Ling Shing Wong ◽

Poh Foong Lee

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Zinc Oxide ◽

Cell Viability ◽

Aquatic Environment ◽

Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Algal Biomass ◽

Time Dependent ◽

Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Zno Nps ◽

Cytotoxic Effects

BackgroundThe extensive usage of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) in industrial and consumer products raises the risk of releasing their residues into the aquatic environment. The presence of ZnO NPs in the aquatic environment could potentially cause cytotoxic effects on aquatic organisms. Thus, investigating the cytotoxic effects of ZnO NPs on microalgae, which form the base for the food web of aquatic biota, is essential to gain information regarding the ecotoxicological effects of metallic oxide nanoparticles in the aquatic ecosystem. Therefore, the present study has investigated in detail the assorted cytotoxic effects of ZnO NPs onS. platensisusing various concentrations of ZnO NPs (10–200 mg/L) from 6 to 96 h to explore the dose- and time-dependent cytotoxic effects.MethodsThe cytotoxic effects were all assessed through quantification of loss in cell viability, reduction in biomass and decrease in photosynthetic pigments such as chlorophyll-a, carotenoids and phycocyanin. The surface interactions of nanoparticles and the subsequent morphological alterations on algal cells were examined by optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The intracellular alterations of algal cells were studied using transmission electron microscopy. Furthermore, Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) spectrum was obtained to investigate the involvement of algal surface biomolecules in surface binding of ZnO NPs on algal cells.ResultsThe treatment of ZnO NPs onS. platensisexhibited a typical concentration- and time-dependent cytotoxicity. Results showed a significant (p < 0.05) cytotoxicity from 24 h onwards for all tested concentrations of ZnO NPs. The maximum cytotoxicity on algal cells was achieved at 96 h of exposure to ZnO NPs. In comparison with control, the algal cells that interacted with 200 mg/L of ZnO NPs for 96 h showed 87.3 ± 1% loss in cell viability, 76.1 ± 1.7% reduction in algal biomass, 92.5 ± 2.2%, 76.2 ± 2.2% and 74.1 ± 3.4% decrease in chlorophyll-a, carotenoids and phycocyanin contents respectively. Our study confirmed the cytotoxicity of ZnO NPs through the algal growth inhibition with 72 h EC10and EC50values of 1.29 and 31.56 mg/L, respectively. The microscopic examinations of the algal cells that interacted with ZnO NPs showed severe cell membrane and intracellular damage. The SEM EDX spectrum of ZnO NPs treated algal biomass evidenced the surface accumulation of zinc in the biomass. Finally, the FTIR spectrum confirmed the involvement of amino, hydroxyl and carboxylic groups of algal cell wall in the surface interaction of ZnO NPs on the algal cells.DiscussionThe results showed that the treatment of ZnO NPs onS. platensistriggered substantial cytotoxicity and caused cell death. Hence,S. platensiscould be potentially used as a bioindicator for testing toxicity of ZnO NPs in aquatic environment.

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Time dependent rise and decay of photocurrent in zinc oxide nanoparticles in ambient and vacuum medium

Materials Research Express ◽

10.1088/2053-1591/aabeca ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (5) ◽

pp. 055002 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Rajkumar C ◽

Rajneesh K Srivastava

Keyword(s):

Zinc Oxide ◽

Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Time Dependent ◽

Oxide Nanoparticles

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L-cysteine capped Zinc Oxide nanoparticles induced cellular response on adenocarcinomic human alveolar basal epithelial cells using a conventional and organ-on-a-chip approach

Colloids and Surfaces B Biointerfaces ◽

10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.112300 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 112300

Author(s):

A. Arathi ◽

X. Joseph ◽

V. Akhil ◽

PV. Mohanan

Keyword(s):

Zinc Oxide ◽

Epithelial Cells ◽

Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Cellular Response ◽

Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Organ On A Chip ◽

Basal Epithelial Cells

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Optical Characteristics of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles with Surface Modification Using Polyethylene Glycol

Journal of Inorganic Materials ◽

10.15541/jim20140080 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 29 (10) ◽

pp. 1039

Author(s):

TAN Man-Lin ◽

WANG Yan-Tao ◽

ZHANG Wei-Li ◽

FU Dong-Ju ◽

LI Dong-Shuang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Zinc Oxide ◽

Surface Modification ◽

Polyethylene Glycol ◽

Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Optical Characteristics ◽

Oxide Nanoparticles

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A comparative study of the antibacterial activity of Quercus robur (Ethanolic extract) and Zinc oxide nanoparticles on Salmonella (In vitro)

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.26452/ijrps.v9ispl1.1397 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (SPL1) ◽

Author(s):

Hams H. H. Alfattli ◽

Ghufran Zuhair Jiber ◽

Ghaidaa Gatea Abbass

Keyword(s):

Zinc Oxide ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Quercus Robur ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Significant Inhibition ◽

Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Inhibition Zones

This study which designed to evaluate the inhibitory effect of Ethanolic extract of (Quercusrobur) and Zinc oxide nanoparticles on the growth of one genus of enterobacteriacae (Salmonella). In vitro. For this purpose graduate concentrates for plant extract (50, 100, 200, 400 )mg/ml which prepared and compared with Zinc oxide nanoparticles of different concentration (2, 1, 0.5, 0.25) μg/ml,and examined. The result showed that the studied medicinal plant has antibacterial activity against this bacteria which used. The result showed that the plant has good activity in decrease the growth of this bacteria. The results of the study also showed that the nano-ZnO has very effective antibacterial action against the studied bacteria which was Salmonella,nanoparticles concentrations lead to increasing in the inhibition zones of tested bacterial growth. We also study the effect of three antibiotics Lomefloxacin (LOM), Ciprofloxacin (SIP) and Rifampin (RA) and the result showed,in a comparison within the tested bacteria,Salmonella had a significant inhibition increase in Lomefloxacin ; the ciprofloxacin showed effect on tested bacteria. However,Rifampin does not show any effect on tested bacteria.

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