Cytotoxic effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles on cyanobacteriumSpirulina (Arthrospira) platensis

BackgroundThe extensive usage of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) in industrial and consumer products raises the risk of releasing their residues into the aquatic environment. The presence of ZnO NPs in the aquatic environment could potentially cause cytotoxic effects on aquatic organisms. Thus, investigating the cytotoxic effects of ZnO NPs on microalgae, which form the base for the food web of aquatic biota, is essential to gain information regarding the ecotoxicological effects of metallic oxide nanoparticles in the aquatic ecosystem. Therefore, the present study has investigated in detail the assorted cytotoxic effects of ZnO NPs onS. platensisusing various concentrations of ZnO NPs (10–200 mg/L) from 6 to 96 h to explore the dose- and time-dependent cytotoxic effects.MethodsThe cytotoxic effects were all assessed through quantification of loss in cell viability, reduction in biomass and decrease in photosynthetic pigments such as chlorophyll-a, carotenoids and phycocyanin. The surface interactions of nanoparticles and the subsequent morphological alterations on algal cells were examined by optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The intracellular alterations of algal cells were studied using transmission electron microscopy. Furthermore, Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) spectrum was obtained to investigate the involvement of algal surface biomolecules in surface binding of ZnO NPs on algal cells.ResultsThe treatment of ZnO NPs onS. platensisexhibited a typical concentration- and time-dependent cytotoxicity. Results showed a significant (p < 0.05) cytotoxicity from 24 h onwards for all tested concentrations of ZnO NPs. The maximum cytotoxicity on algal cells was achieved at 96 h of exposure to ZnO NPs. In comparison with control, the algal cells that interacted with 200 mg/L of ZnO NPs for 96 h showed 87.3 ± 1% loss in cell viability, 76.1 ± 1.7% reduction in algal biomass, 92.5 ± 2.2%, 76.2 ± 2.2% and 74.1 ± 3.4% decrease in chlorophyll-a, carotenoids and phycocyanin contents respectively. Our study confirmed the cytotoxicity of ZnO NPs through the algal growth inhibition with 72 h EC10and EC50values of 1.29 and 31.56 mg/L, respectively. The microscopic examinations of the algal cells that interacted with ZnO NPs showed severe cell membrane and intracellular damage. The SEM EDX spectrum of ZnO NPs treated algal biomass evidenced the surface accumulation of zinc in the biomass. Finally, the FTIR spectrum confirmed the involvement of amino, hydroxyl and carboxylic groups of algal cell wall in the surface interaction of ZnO NPs on the algal cells.DiscussionThe results showed that the treatment of ZnO NPs onS. platensistriggered substantial cytotoxicity and caused cell death. Hence,S. platensiscould be potentially used as a bioindicator for testing toxicity of ZnO NPs in aquatic environment.

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Cellular accumulation and cytotoxic effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles in microalga Haematococcus pluvialis

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.7582 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. e7582 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Sinouvassane Djearamane ◽

Yang Mooi Lim ◽

Ling Shing Wong ◽

Poh Foong Lee

Keyword(s):

Zinc Oxide ◽

Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Algal Biomass ◽

Haematococcus Pluvialis ◽

Time Dependent ◽

Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Icp Oes ◽

Zno Nps ◽

Cytotoxic Effects ◽

Cellular Accumulation

Background Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are widely used in household and cosmetic products which imply an increased releasing of these particles into the environment, especially aquatic ecosystems, resulting in the need of assessing the potential toxic effects of ZnO NPS on the aquatic organisms, particularly on microalgae which form the base for food chain of aquatic biota. The present study has investigated the dose- and time-dependent cellular accumulation and the corresponding cytotoxic effects of increasing concentrations of ZnO NPs from 10–200 μg/mL on microalga Haematococcus pluvialis at an interval of 24 h for 96 h. Methods The scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) was used to qualitatively detect the cellular accumulation of ZnO NPs in algal cells, while inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) was performed to quantify the cell associated-zinc in algal cells. The percentage of cell death, reduction in algal biomass, and loss in photosynthetic pigments were measured to investigate the cytotoxic effects of ZnO NPs on H. pluvialis. Extracellular and intracellular changes in algal cells resulted from the treatment of ZnO NPs were demonstrated through optical, scanning, and transmission electron microscopic studies. Results SEM-EDX spectrum evidenced the accumulation of ZnO NPs in algal biomass and ICP OES results reported a significant (p < 0.05) dose- and time-dependent accumulation of zinc in algal cells from 24 h for all the tested concentrations of ZnO NPs (10–200 μg/mL). Further, the study showed a significant (p < 0.05) dose- and time-dependent growth inhibition of H. pluvialis from 72 h at 10–200 μg/mL of ZnO NPs. The morphological examinations revealed substantial surface and intracellular damages in algal cells due to the treatment of ZnO NPs. Discussion The present study reported the significant cellular accumulation of ZnO NPs in algal cells and the corresponding cytotoxic effects of ZnO NPs on H. pluvialis through the considerable reduction in algal cell viability, biomass, and photosynthetic pigments together with surface and intracellular damages.

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Biosynthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles from Acacia nilotica (L.) Extract to Overcome Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella Pneumoniae

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26071919 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (7) ◽

pp. 1919

Author(s):

Elsayim Rasha ◽

AlOthman Monerah ◽

Alkhulaifi Manal ◽

Ali Rehab ◽

Doud Mohammed ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Zinc Oxide ◽

Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽

Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Acacia Nilotica ◽

Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Zno Nps ◽

X Ray ◽

Carbapenem Resistant

Recently, concerns have been raised globally about antimicrobial resistance, the prevalence of which has increased significantly. Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (KPC) is considered one of the most common resistant bacteria, which has spread to ICUs in Saudi Arabia. This study was established to investigate the antibacterial activity of biosynthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) against KPC in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we used the aqueous extract of Acacia nilotica (L.) fruits to mediate the synthesis of ZnO-NPs. The nanoparticles produced were characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy, zetasizer and zeta potential analyses, X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The antimicrobial activity of ZnO-NPs against KPC was determined via the well diffusion method, and determining minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), the results showed low MIC and MBC when compared with the MIC and MBC of Imipenem and Meropenem antibiotics. The results of in vitro analysis were supported by the results upon applying ZnO-NP ointment to promote wound closure of rats, which showed better wound healing than the results with imipenem ointment. The biosynthesized ZnO-NPs showed good potential for use against bacteria due to their small size, applicability, and low toxicity to human cells.

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Study of the toxicity of ZnO nanoparticles to Chlorella sorokiniana under the influence of phosphate: spectroscopic quantification, photosynthetic efficiency and gene expression analysis

Environmental Science Nano ◽

10.1039/c9en01464k ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (5) ◽

pp. 1431-1443

Author(s):

Hong Zhang ◽

Zhu Chen ◽

Qing Huang

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Zinc Oxide ◽

Zno Nanoparticles ◽

Aquatic Environment ◽

Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Photosynthetic Efficiency ◽

Gene Expression Analysis ◽

Chlorella Sorokiniana ◽

Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Zno Nps

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are one of the most abundantly applied nanomaterials in nanotechnology-based industries, and recent research continues to highlight their transformations and potential eco-toxicity especially to aquatic environment.

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Greener Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles: Characterization and Multifaceted Applications

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25184198 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (18) ◽

pp. 4198

Author(s):

Ali Aldalbahi ◽

Seham Alterary ◽

Ruba Ali Abdullrahman Almoghim ◽

Manal A. Awad ◽

Noura S. Aldosari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Zinc Oxide ◽

Cell Line ◽

Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Eosin Y ◽

Zno Nps ◽

Vitro Assay ◽

Vis Spectroscopy

Nanoparticles (NPs) have unique properties compared to their bulk counterparts, and they have potentials for various applications in many fields of life science. Green-synthesized NPs have garnered considerable interest due to their inherent features such as rapidity, eco-friendliness and cost-effectiveness. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were synthesized using an aqueous extract of Kalanchoe blossfeldiana as a reducing agent. The resulting nanoparticles were characterized via X-ray diffraction (XRD), dynamic light scattering (DLS), UV-Vis spectroscopy, photoluminescence (PL), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The antimicrobial potential of the synthesized ZnO NPs against bacterial and fungal strains was examined by the disk diffusion method, and they showed a promising antibacterial and antifungal potential. The catalytic activity of the synthesized ZnO NPs in reducing methylene blue (MB) and eosin was studied via UV-Vis spectroscopy. The decolorization percentages of the MB and Eosin Y dyes were 84% and 94%, respectively, which indicate an efficient degradation of the ZnO NPs. In addition, the cytotoxic activity of the ZnO NPs on the HeLa cell line was evaluated via in vitro assay. The MTT assay results demonstrate a potent cytotoxic effect of the ZnO NPs against the HeLa cancer cell line.

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Size-Dependent Biological Activities of Fluorescent Organosilane-Modified Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles

Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology ◽

10.1166/jbn.2020.2882 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 137-152

Author(s):

Mariana Buşilă ◽

Aurel Tăbăcaru ◽

Viorica Muşsat ◽

Bogdan Ştefan Vasile ◽

Ionela Andreea Neaşu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽

Zinc Oxide ◽

Cancer Cells ◽

Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Cytotoxic Activities ◽

Zno Nps ◽

Size Dependent ◽

Transmission Electron

Surface modification of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) is a strategy to tune their biocompatibility. Herein we report on the synthesis of a series of fluorescent ZnO NPs modified with 2–10% (3-glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane (GPTMS) to investigate the fluorescence properties and to explore their applications in microbiology and biomedicine. The obtained ZnO NPs were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Size reduction occurred from ca. 13 nm in unmodified ZnO to 3–4 nm in silane-modified samples and fluorescence spectra showed size-dependent variation of the photoemission bands' intensity. The antibacterial and cytotoxic activities were investigated on Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria, and in ovarian (A2780) and prostate (PC3) cancer cells by tetrazolium/formazan-based methods. The antibacterial effect was higher for E. coli than S. aureus, while the cytotoxic activity was similar for both cancer cells and varied with the particle size. Cell death by apoptosis, and/or necrosis versus autophagy, were explored by flow cytometry using an Annexin V based-method and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The main mechanism of ZnO NPs toxicity may involve the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the induction of apoptosis or autophagy. This work revealed the potential utility of GPTMS-modified ZnO NPs in the treatment of bacterial infection and cancer.

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In Vitro Cytotoxicity Effects of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Spermatogonia Cells

Cells ◽

10.3390/cells9051081 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 1081

Author(s):

Ana Rita Pinho ◽

Filipa Martins ◽

M. Elisabete V. Costa ◽

Ana M. R. Senos ◽

Odete A. B. da Cruz e Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Zinc Oxide ◽

Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

The Body ◽

Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Zno Nps ◽

Cytotoxic Effects ◽

Spermatogonia Cells ◽

The Impact

Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are a type of metal oxide nanoparticle with an extensive use in biomedicine. Several studies have focused on the biosafety of ZnO NPs, since their size and surface area favor entrance and accumulation in the body, which can induce toxic effects. In previous studies, ZnO NPs have been identified as a dose- and time-dependent cytotoxic inducer in testis and male germ cells. However, the consequences for the first cell stage of spermatogenesis, spermatogonia, have never been evaluated. Therefore, the aim of the present work is to evaluate in vitro the cytotoxic effects of ZnO NPs in spermatogonia cells, focusing on changes in cytoskeleton and nucleoskeleton. For that purpose, GC-1 cell line derived from mouse testes was selected as a model of spermatogenesis. These cells were treated with different doses of ZnO NPs for 6 h and 12 h. The impact of GC-1 cells exposure to ZnO NPs on cell viability, cell damage, and cytoskeleton and nucleoskeleton dynamics was assessed. Our results clearly indicate that higher concentrations of ZnO NPs have a cytotoxic effect in GC-1 cells, leading to an increase of intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) levels, DNA damage, cytoskeleton and nucleoskeleton dynamics alterations, and consequently cell death. In conclusion, it is here reported for the first time that ZnO NPs induce cytotoxic effects, including changes in cytoskeleton and nucleoskeleton in mouse spermatogonia cells, which may compromise the progression of spermatogenesis in a time- and dose-dependent manner.

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Leonotis Nepetifolia Mediated Eco-Friendly Synthesis of Zno Nps: Photocatalytic, Antioxidant Activities and Their Applications to Nano-Composite Electrode Material for Supercapacitor

10.21203/rs.3.rs-602808/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Gajendran Pavithra ◽

Santhakumar kannappan

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Zinc Oxide ◽

Zno Nanoparticles ◽

Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Electrochemical Analysis ◽

Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Zno Nps ◽

Pure Zinc ◽

X Ray

Abstract The present paper describes the green synthesis of Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) from the flowers of L. nepetifolia. The synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles and examined by using Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, Fourier Transform-Infrared spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction analysis, Dynamic Light Scattering analysis, Raman spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy, and Thermogravimetric Analysis. The photocatalytic studies were followed using methylene blue (MB) dye by ZnO nanoparticles by using sunlight as a source. The degradation of MB dye is found to be 90 %. Then the synthesized ZnO nanoparticles help to evaluate the antioxidant activities. The antioxidant activities of ZnO nanoparticles were exhibiting through scavenging of Nitric oxide, Hydrogen peroxide, and DPPH free radicals. Furthermore, the electrochemical analysis of reduced Graphene Oxide-Zinc oxide (rGO-ZnO) nanocomposite shows that the prepared rGO-ZnO nanocomposite has a high specific capacitance of about 667 F g-1 in comparison with the pure Zinc oxide nanoparticles (200 F g-1) and has good cycling stability of around 1000 cycles. The synthesis of multifunctional ZnO nanoparticles by using natural plant products like seeds, leaves, flowers, etc may help to explore as environment-friendly which is opposite to chemical synthesis.

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Green Wastes Mediated Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization and Electrochemical Studies

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma13194241 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (19) ◽

pp. 4241

Author(s):

Enyioma C. Okpara ◽

Omolola E. Fayemi ◽

El-Sayed M. Sherif ◽

Harri Junaedi ◽

Eno E. Ebenso

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Zinc Oxide ◽

Zno Nanoparticles ◽

Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Catalytic Properties ◽

Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Zno Nps ◽

Tem Analysis ◽

X Ray ◽

Citrus Peels

Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles were prepared using a simple green synthesis approach in an alkaline medium, from three different extracts of citrus peels waste. The synthesized nano-crystalline materials were characterized by using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), x-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS), environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). UV-vis analysis of the nanoparticles showed broad peaks around 360 nm for the ZnO NPs (Zinc oxide nanoparticles) from three citrus peels’ extracts. ZnO NPs exhibited Zn–O band close to 553 cm−1, which further verified the formation of the ZnO NPs. A bandgap of 3.26 eV, 3.20 eV and 3.30 eV was calculated for the ZnO NPs from grape (ZnO NPs/GPE), lemon (ZnO NPs/LPE), and orange (ZnO NPs/OPE) peels extract, respectively. The average grain sizes of the ZnO nanoparticles were evaluated to be 30.28 nm, 21.98 nm, and 18.49 nm for grape (ZnO NPs/GPE), lemon (ZnO NPs/LPE), and orange (ZnO NPs/OPE) peel extract, respectively. The surface morphology and sizes of the nanoparticle were confirmed by ESEM and TEM analysis, respectively. Furthermore, the zeta potential of the as-prepared ZnO NPs from OPE, LPE, and GPE was −34.2 mV, −38.8 mV, and −42.9 mV, respectively, indicating the high stability of the nanoparticles. Cyclic voltammetric properties of the synthesized nanoparticles were investigated across extracts, and the results showed that the citrus peels extracts (CPE) mediated ZnO NPs modified screen plate carbon (SPC/ ZnO NPs/CPE) electrodes exhibited enhanced catalytic properties when compared with the bare SPCE. The electroactive areas computed from the enhancement of the bare SPCE was approximately three times for SPCE/ ZnO NPs/LPE, and SPCE/ZnO NPs/GPE, and two times for SPCE/ZnO NPs/OPE, higher than that of the bare SPCE. Comparison across the extracts suggested that the catalytic properties of the nanoparticles were unique in ZnO NPs from GPE.

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Cinnamomum tamala Leaf Extract Stabilized Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles: A Promising Photocatalyst for Methylene Blue Degradation

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano11061558 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 1558

Author(s):

Sajina Narath ◽

Supin Karonnan Koroth ◽

Sarojini Sharath Shankar ◽

Bini George ◽

Vasundhara Mutta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Methylene Blue ◽

Zinc Oxide ◽

Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽

Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Zno Nps ◽

X Ray ◽

Green Protocol ◽

Cinnamomum Tamala

A facile green synthetic method is proposed for the synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using the bio-template Cinnamomum tamala (C. tamala) leaves extract. The morphological, functional, and structural characterization of synthesized ZnO NPs were studied by adopting different techniques such as energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-Visible spectroscopy, fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The fabricated ZnO NPs exhibit an average size of 35 nm, with a hexagonal nanostructure. Further, the well-characterized ZnO NPs were employed for the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) in an aqueous solution. The photocatalytic activity was analyzed by changing the various physicochemical factors such as reaction time, amount of photocatalyst, precursor concentration, and calcination temperature of the ZnO NPs. All the studies suggest that the ZnO synthesized through the green protocol exhibits excellent photocatalytic potency against the dye molecules.

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Evaluation of the Effect of Nanoparticles Zinc Oxide/Camellia sinensis Complex on the Kidney of Rats Treated with Monosodium Glutamate: Antioxidant and Histological Approaches

Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology ◽

10.2174/1389201020666190522075928 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (7) ◽

pp. 542-550 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Nahla S. El-Shenawy ◽

Reham Z. Hamza ◽

Fawziah A. Al-Salmi ◽

Rasha A. Al-Eisa

Keyword(s):

Zinc Oxide ◽

Camellia Sinensis ◽

Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Monosodium Glutamate ◽

Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

High Dose ◽

Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽

Zno Nps ◽

Tea Extract

Background: Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are robustly used biomedicine. Moreover, no study has been conducted to explore the consequence of green synthesis of ZnO NPs with Camellia sinensis (green tea extract, GTE) on kidneys of rats treated with monosodium glutamate (MSG). Methods: Therefore, the objective of the research was designed to explore the possible defensive effect of GTE/ZnO NPs against MSG-induced renal stress investigated at redox and histopathological points. Results: The levels of urea and creatinine increased as the effect of a high dose of MSG, in addition, the myeloperoxidase and xanthine oxidase activates were elevated significantly with the high dose of MSG. The levels of non-enzymatic antioxidants (uric acid, glutathione, and thiol) were decreased sharply in MSG-treated rats as compared to the normal group. Conclusion: The data displayed that GTE/ZnO NPs reduced the effects of MSG significantly by reduction of the level peroxidation and enhancement intracellular antioxidant. These biochemical findings were supported by histopathology evaluation, which showed minor morphological changes in the kidneys of rats.

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