Assessing water use and soil water balance of planted native tree species under strong water limitations in Northern Chile

New Forests ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 871-892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Horacio E. Bown ◽  
Juan Pablo Fuentes ◽  
Amanda M. Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Soil Water Balance ◽  
Northern Chile ◽  
Native Tree ◽  
Native Tree Species ◽  
Water Limitations

scholarly journals High-Throughput Phenotyping of Crop Water Use Efficiency via Multispectral Drone Imagery and a Daily Soil Water Balance Model

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Thorp ◽  
Alison Thompson ◽  
Sara Harders ◽  
Andrew French ◽  
Richard Ward
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Use ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Soil Water Balance ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Crop Water Use ◽  
Use Efficiency

Improvement of crop water use efficiency (CWUE), defined as crop yield per volume of water used, is an important goal for both crop management and breeding. While many technologies have been developed for measuring crop water use in crop management studies, rarely have these techniques been applied at the scale of breeding plots. The objective was to develop a high-throughput methodology for quantifying water use in a cotton breeding trial at Maricopa, AZ, USA in 2016 and 2017, using evapotranspiration (ET) measurements from a co-located irrigation management trial to evaluate the approach. Approximately weekly overflights with an unmanned aerial system provided multispectral imagery from which plot-level fractional vegetation cover ( f c ) was computed. The f c data were used to drive a daily ET-based soil water balance model for seasonal crop water use quantification. A mixed model statistical analysis demonstrated that differences in ET and CWUE could be discriminated among eight cotton varieties ( p < 0 . 05 ), which were sown at two planting dates and managed with four irrigation levels. The results permitted breeders to identify cotton varieties with more favorable water use characteristics and higher CWUE, indicating that the methodology could become a useful tool for breeding selection.

scholarly journals Ecohydrologic controls on vegetation density and evapotranspiration partitioning across the climatic gradients of the central United States

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 649-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Kochendorfer ◽  
J. A. Ramírez
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Soil Water Balance ◽  
Vegetation Density ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Central United States

Abstract. The soil-water balance and plant water use are investigated over a domain encompassing the central United States using the Statistical-Dynamical Ecohydrology Model (SDEM). The seasonality in the model and its use of the two-component Shuttleworth-Wallace canopy model allow for application of an ecological optimality hypothesis in which vegetation density, in the form of peak green leaf area index (LAI), is maximized, within upper and lower bounds, such that, in a typical season, soil moisture in the latter half of the growing season just reaches the point at which water stress is experienced. Another key feature of the SDEM is that it partitions evapotranspiration into transpiration, evaporation from canopy interception, and evaporation from the soil surface. That partitioning is significant for the soil-water balance because the dynamics of the three processes are very different. The partitioning and the model-determined peak in green LAI are validated based on observations in the literature, as well as through the calculation of water-use efficiencies with modeled transpiration and large-scale estimates of grassland productivity. Modeled-determined LAI are seen to be at least as accurate as the unaltered satellite-based observations on which they are based. Surprising little dependence on climate and vegetation type is found for the percentage of total evapotranspiration that is soil evaporation, with most of the variation across the study region attributable to soil texture and the resultant differences in vegetation density. While empirical evidence suggests that soil evaporation in the forested regions of the most humid part of the study region is somewhat overestimated, model results are in excellent agreement with observations from croplands and grasslands. The implication of model results for water-limited vegetation is that the higher (lower) soil moisture content in wetter (drier) climates is more-or-less completely offset by the greater (lesser) amount of energy available at the soil surface. This contrasts with other modeling studies which show a strong dependence of evapotranspiration partitioning on climate.

scholarly journals Test of a microlysimeter for measurement of soil evaporation

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danilton L. Flumignan ◽  
Rogério T. de Faria ◽  
Bruno P. Lena
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Soil Evaporation ◽  
Soil Water Balance ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Inner Diameter

Quantifying soil evaporation is required on studies of soil water balance and applications aiming to improve water use efficiency by crops. The performance of a microlysimeter (ML) to measure soil evaporation under irrigation and non-irrigation was evaluated. The MLs were constructed using PVC tubes, with dimensions of 100 mm inner diameter, 150 mm depth and 2.5 mm wall thickness. Four MLs were uniformly distributed on the soil surface of two weighing lysimeters conducted under bare soil, previously installed at Iapar, in Londrina, PR, Brazil. The lysimeters had 1.4 m width, 1.9 m length and 1.3 m depth and were conducted with and without irrigation. Evaporation measurements by MLs (E ML) were compared with measurements by lysimeters (E L) during four different periods in the year. Differences between E ML and E L were small either for low or high atmospheric demand and also for either irrigated or non-irrigated conditions, which indicates that the ML tested here is suitable for measurement of soil evaporation.

scholarly journals Spring maize yield, soil water use and water use efficiency under plastic film and straw mulches in the Loess Plateau

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Lin ◽  
Wenzhao Liu ◽  
Qingwu Xue
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Loess Plateau ◽  
Soil Water Balance ◽  
Plastic Film ◽  
The Loess Plateau ◽  
Spring Maize ◽  
Use Efficiency

Abstract To compare the soil water balance, yield and water use efficiency (WUE) of spring maize under different mulching types in the Loess Plateau, a 7-year field experiment was conducted in the Changwu region of the Loess Plateau. Three treatments were used in this experiment: straw mulch (SM), plastic film mulch (PM) and conventional covering without mulch (CK). Results show that the soil water change of dryland spring maize was as deep as 300 cm depth and hence 300 cm is recommended as the minimum depth when measure the soil water in this region. Water use (ET) did not differ significantly among the treatments. However, grain yield was significantly higher in PM compared with CK. WUE was significantly higher in PM than in CK for most years of the experiment. Although ET tended to be higher in PM than in the other treatments (without significance), the evaporation of water in the fallow period also decreased. Thus, PM is sustainable with respect to soil water balance. The 7-year experiment and the supplemental experiment thus confirmed that straw mulching at the seedling stage may lead to yield reduction and this effect can be mitigated by delaying the straw application to three-leaf stage.

scholarly journals Soil water balance performs better than climatic water variables in tree species distribution modelling

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 470-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Piedallu ◽  
Jean-Claude Gégout ◽  
Vincent Perez ◽  
François Lebourgeois
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Species Distribution ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Species Distribution Modelling ◽  
Soil Water Balance ◽  
Distribution Modelling ◽  
Better Than

scholarly journals Yield, Economic Benefit, Soil Water Balance, and Water Use Efficiency of Intercropped Maize/Potato in Responses to Mulching Practices on the Semiarid Loess Plateau

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1100
Author(s):  
Junhong Xie ◽  
Linlin Wang ◽  
Lingling Li ◽  
Sumera Anwar ◽  
Zhuzhu Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Soil Water Balance ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Plastic Film ◽  
Economic Return ◽  
Flat Field ◽  
Use Efficiency

Increasing agricultural productivity without undermining further the integrity of the Earth’s environmental systems such as soil water balance are important tasks to ensure food security for an increasing global population in rainfed agriculture. The impact of intercropping maize (Zea mays L.) with potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) on yield, land equivalent ratios (LER), water equivalent ratio (WER), water use, energy output, and net economic return were examined under seven planting systems: potato grown solely or intercropped on the flat field without mulching, maize grown solely or intercropped with potato on ridges or flat field with or without plastic film mulched. The three intercropping systems had 3–13% less water use than the monocropping. Among the intercropped systems, flat field caused more depletion of soil water than ridged field for both years. Compared to monocultures, intercropping with plastic film mulching and ridging significantly increased LER and WER. Meanwhile, intercropping with mulching and ridging significantly increased net economic return and energy output by 8% and 24%, respectively, when compared to monocropping. These results suggest that maize under plastic film mulched ridge-furrow plot intercropped with potato under flat plot without mulching increased energy output, net economic return, and water use efficiency without increasing soil water depletion, which could be an optimal intercropping system for the semiarid farmland on the western Loess Plateau.

Gas Exchange and Water Use Efficiency of Three Native Tree Species in Hunshandak Sandland of China

2003 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.G. Li ◽  
G.M. Jiang ◽  
S.L. Niu ◽  
M.Z. Liu ◽  
Y. Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Native Tree ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Native Tree Species

scholarly journals Maximising the use of soil water by herbaceous species in the high rainfall zone of southern Australia: a review

2003 ◽  
Vol 54 (7) ◽  
pp. 677 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. K. Singh ◽  
P. R. Bird ◽  
G. R. Saul
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Soil Water Balance ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Herbaceous Species ◽  
Deep Drainage ◽  
High Rainfall ◽  
Pasture Productivity

The planting of deep-rooted pasture species, herbaceous shrubs, and trees has been widely recommended to reduce deep drainage and recharge to the groundwater in the high rainfall zone (HRZ). However, in more recent years, the value of perennial pastures to reduce recharge has been questioned in areas with >600 mm annual rainfall. Currently, pastures dominated by annual species with relatively low productivity occur across much of the HRZ where deep drainage is most likely contributing to recharge. This review outlines our current understanding of water use by various herbaceous species, and indicates ways in which their water use may be increased in the HRZ of southern Australia. To reduce deep drainage in the HRZ, the soil water deficit must be increased prior to the opening autumn rains. This will allow a greater storage of water before any potential deep drainage occurs. There are two ways that this can be achieved with the use of herbaceous species. Firstly, change to or encourage species that use more water annually. Although plants with deeper root systems including lucerne have the ability to dry the soil to depth, a combination of winter- and summer-active species, rotational grazing, and pasture spelling would extend the active growing season and soil water use of annual and perennial species. A second option is to increase the productivity of the pasture, as there is a direct link between growth and water use. For example, improving pasture productivity by 50%, say from 8 to 12 t dry matter/ha, could use (transpire) approximately 160 mm more water annually by a C3 species, irrespective of evaporation from the soil surface or evaporative demand factors. This is supported by strong correlations between plant dry mass and water use among a wide range of C3 and C4 plants of diverse growth form and habitat. This relationship appears to have been overlooked in recent studies of various components of the soil water balance model, possibly due to limited and unreliable estimates of evapotranspiration (ET). An improved relationship between 'estimated' ET and measured dry matter production should improve the capability of the soil water balance model to predict deep drainage, which is primarily dependent on the ET. Ways to increase pasture productivity and soil water use include regular applications of fertiliser and lime, and better management of waterlogged and acidic soils in the HRZ. Summer-active native species may also be useful on soils where the persistence of other deep-rooted perennials is poor; however, little is known about their productivity and persistence when heavily grazed.We believe that the relationship between water use and pasture production needs to be reassessed to improve the predictability of the soil water balance approach and recommend further research in both the field and under controlled conditions to determine the potential for increased water use in the HRZ of southern Australia by combinations of plant species and greater pasture productivity.

scholarly journals Soil Water Balance and Water Use Efficiency of Dryland Wheat in Different Precipitation Years in Response to Green Manure Approach

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dabin Zhang ◽  
Pengwei Yao ◽  
Zhao Na ◽  
Weidong Cao ◽  
Suiqi Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Soil Water Balance ◽  
Use Efficiency

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of the actual evapotranspiration of Flemish forest and cropland, using the soil water balance model WAVE

2005 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. W. Verstraeten ◽  
B. Muys ◽  
J. Feyen ◽  
F. Veroustraete ◽  
M. Minnaert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Wave Model ◽  
Water Balance Model ◽  
Soil Water Balance ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Forest Stands

Abstract. This paper focuses on the quantification of the green – vegetation related – water flux of forest stands in the temperate lowland of Flanders. The underlying reason of the research was to develop a methodology for assessing the impact of forests on the hydrologic cycle in comparison to agriculture. The tested approach for calculating the water use by forests was based on the application of the soil water balance model WAVE. The study involved the collection of data from 14 forest stands, the calibration and validation of the WAVE model, and the comparison of the water use (WU) components – transpiration, soil and interception evaporation – between forest and cropland. For model calibration purposes simulated and measured time series of soil water content at different soil depths, period March 2000–August 2001, were compared. A multiple-site validation was conducted as well. Actual tree transpiration calculated with sap flow measurements in three forest stands gave similar results for two of the three stands of pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), but WAVE overestimated the actual measured transpiration for a stand of poplar (Populus sp.). A useful approach to compare the WU components of forest versus cropland is scenario analysis based on the validated WAVE model. The statistical Profile Analysis method was implemented to explore and analyse the simulated WU time series. With an average annual rainfall of 819 mm, the results reveal that forests in Flanders consume more water than agricultural crops. A 30 years average of 491 mm for 10 forests stands versus 398 mm for 10 cropped agricultural fields was derived. The WU components, on yearly basis, also differ between the two land use types (transpiration: 315 mm for forest and 261 mm for agricultural land use; soil evaporation: 47 mm and 131 mm, for forest and cropland, respectively). Forest canopy interception evaporation was estimated at 126 mm, while it was negligible for cropland.

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