scholarly journals The Aesthetics of the Human Beast: A Comparative Study of Zola’s L’Assommoir, Galdós’ La Desheredada and Crane’s Maggie

Neophilologus ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kateřina Valentová
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Emile Zola ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Second Empire ◽  
Behavioral Patterns ◽  
Biological Determinism ◽  
Literary Character ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Working And Living Conditions

AbstractThe concept of the human beast is assigned to the French novelist, Émile Zola, who is the first to codify principles of Naturalism, against which all future naturalist works would be compared. In his novels, especially in the saga Les Rougon-Macquart, the human beast, «la bête humaine», appears as a literary character embedded in the lower social strata, who, due to harsh working and living conditions in the French capital during the Second Empire, acts according to its most basic instincts. The actions of a human beast are violent and brutal and its behavior conditioned by limited education. In his novels, Zola applies the doctrines of biological determinism as well as the laws of heredity attained from scientific readings that were very popular among the intellectuals of the period. However, the theoretical principles recollected in Le roman expérimental (G. Charpentier et Cie Éditeurs, 1880) were not equally applied in other countries due to different literary precedents as well as diverse socio-historical and philosophical backgrounds. This paper aims to examine the nuances in the aesthetic representation of the human beast in Zola’s L’Assommoir (1877), Galdós’ La Desheredada (1881) and Crane’s Maggie, a Girl of the Streets (1843), delving into the behavioral patterns which shape the unique characteristics of their human beasts.

Everyday Life in Wartime Europe

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Mick
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Standards Of Living ◽  
Foreign Occupation ◽  
Occupied Territories ◽  
Working And Living Conditions ◽  
The Impact

This chapter discusses everyday life under foreign occupation during the Second World War. Living conditions were very different depending on class, race, location, and time. People living in Poland, Greece, Yugoslavia, and the occupied territories of the Soviet Union were not only much more exposed to terror and mass crimes; their standards of living were also much lower than in western Europe. Some experiences, however, were shared. The chapter focuses on certain common daily experiences: procuring food and other daily necessities; the relationship between peasants and urban populations; the working and living conditions in cities and towns; the role of families and the importance of networks; and the impact of terror, destruction, and insecurity on society and individuals. Living under foreign occupation partly corrupted the moral standards governing human relations, but there was also solidarity which focused on a core group of people consisting of family and close friends.

About the so-called. tendovaginitis crepitans in metalworkers

1930 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 274-278
Author(s):  
A. I. Ivanchenko
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Health ◽  
Complete Resolution ◽  
Occupational Diseases ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Social Pathology ◽  
Foreign Literature ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Working And Living Conditions

Occupational diseases play a fairly prominent role in the morbidity of workers in various sectors of our economy. Therefore, the study of etiological and contributing moments is a necessary condition for their prevention and the creation of the correct working and living conditions. Diseases of the tendon sheaths constitute one of the important chapters of occupational health and social pathology, however, our knowledge of the origin and nature of tendovaginitis is still far from complete resolution, and numerous works on this issue, which have appeared recently both in foreign literature (Frisch, Sattler, Hauck), and in Russian (Shugaev, Israilson, Golyanitsky and Obolenskaya, Konshin, etc.) they convincingly emphasize this position.

Abandoned Being: The Aesthetic of Inhabiting in Meridel Le Sueur’s The Girl

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-344
Author(s):  
Clare Callahan
Keyword(s):  
Living Conditions ◽  
The State ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Socioeconomic Structures

This article reads the vocabulary of “being” scattered throughout Meridel Le Sueur’s The Girl as exposing the ontological dispossession underlying the economic and political abandonment of the poor. The Girl’s search for a way “to be,” however, also disrupts the economy of representation by which the state monitors and assesses, through a rhetoric of uplifted subjectivity, the behaviors of the women who depend on state relief programs. In The Girl, homeless women’s discovery of forms of being within precarious living conditions constitutes an ontological repossession through which Le Sueur imagines alternative feminist socioeconomic structures and, by extension, alternative forms of subjectivity that emerge within subrepresentational spaces.

Romanticist Philosophy in Hindi Cinema: A Comparative Study of Keats, Shelley, and October

Film Matters ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-65
Author(s):  
Anushree Joshi ◽  
Saman Waheed
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Hindi Cinema ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
The Given

Using the premise of the 2018 Bollywood film, October, this article aims to contrast the poetry of Keats and Shelley with the film’s plot. It focuses upon the theme of the transience of human existence, inevitability of change, and ephemerality of life. In doing so, the article argues that the expression of urban ennui in October and Hindi cinema has tendencies of the Romanticist rendering, resembling the aesthetic of the given poets. The lack of human connectivity and self-centeredness in the contemporary times is similar to the ideas of the Enlightenment, which the Romantics contested.

Perceived incentives and willingness of university medical students toward working in rural primary healthcare

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun Zou ◽  
Dandi Chen
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Primary Healthcare ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Postgraduate Education ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Western China ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Medical University ◽  
Working And Living Conditions ◽  
Limited Service

Abstract Background Primary healthcare (PHC) is vital for providing more equitable, accessible and affordable healthcare to the population. However, there is a general lacking and disparity of distribution of PHC workforce, especially for rural areas in China as it is very hard to attract and retain high quality medical students to rural PHC. This study was to investigate the willingness of university medical students toward working in rural PHC and their perceived incentives and compare that between medical programmes. Methods An online questionnaire survey was conducted in a leading medical university of Western China in 2017. All second-year Preventive Medicine (MBP, 5 years programme) and third-year Doctorate of Medicine (MD, 8 years programme) students participated. The willingness and perceived incentives toward working in rural PHC were analysed and compared between students of the two programmes. Results A total of 201 students, including 115 MBP and 86 MD students, participated in the study. The overall willingness rate toward working in rural PHC was 16%. More MBP (23%) than MD students (7%) expressed willingness without mention of incentives (p<0.05). The most preferred incentives were adequate remuneration (62%), non-inferior working and living conditions to urban area (58%), limited service years (56%) and privilege to postgraduate education and promotion (55%), though 13% expressed willingness under no circumstances. More MBP than MD students preferred to postgraduate education and promotion (65% vs. 43%, p<0.05) and limited service years (63% vs. 56%, p<0.05), but similar in other incentives (p>0.05). The willingness rate increased from 2%~5%, 9%~14%, 27%~25%, to 81% with single-, two-, three-, four- incentives as mentioned above, and similar between students of the two programmes. Conclusions The willingness of university medical students to work in rural PHC was low. However, more MBP students show willingness than MD students. Multiple incentives including adequate remuneration, opportunities of postgraduate education and promotion, proper working and living conditions and limited service years may be much more effective than any single incentive to attract university medical students especially MBP students to rural PHC service. Further investigation of appropriate incentives in details and interventional studies are warranted to inform relevant policy making.

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