scholarly journals GIS-based approach for evaluating a community intrinsic resilience index

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Firas Gerges ◽  
Hani Nassif ◽  
Xiaolong Geng ◽  
Holly A. Michael ◽  
Michel C. Boufadel
Keyword(s):  
Community Resilience ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Transportation Energy ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Road ◽  
Planning And Design ◽  
Political Boundaries ◽  
Resilience Index ◽  
Post Disaster

AbstractCommunity resilience refers to the degree to which a community can survive and recover following a disaster. While resilience itself is well understood, decisions that would enhance resilience are interdependent and involve various stakeholders. There are indices for evaluating community resilience, but these have the shortcoming that they compare between political entities, such as counties. Therefore, one cannot ascertain that a county is truly resilient. In addition, natural disasters depend on the landscape and thus have no relation to the political boundaries. Our metric aims to capture the information into a Community Intrinsic Resilience Index (CIRI), which embodies the resilience level of four critical sectors: transportation, energy, health and socio-economic. As a case study, we computed CIRI for the counties within New Jersey. Results showed that within NJ, CIRI ranged from 63 to 80%. A post-disaster CIRI, following a scenario of flooding, revealed that two coastal counties would have low CIRI values due to the reduction in the road area and/or the GDP (local economy shut down) to below minimum values. We believe that our platform would further advance the efforts to fill the gap between resilience research and applications and would help decision and policy makers to integrate resilience within the planning and design phases of disaster management.

Social enterprise, sustainability and community in post-earthquake Christchurch

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracy Berno
Keyword(s):  
Food Systems ◽  
Food System ◽  
Local Food ◽  
Community Resilience ◽  
Social Entrepreneurs ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Local Food System ◽  
Building Community ◽  
Post Disaster

Purpose Since 4 September 2010, the greater Christchurch region has endured a series of destructive earthquakes. As a result, food resilience, as a component of community resilience, has become highly relevant. This paper aims to explore the role of social entrepreneurs and the local food system in building community resilience. Design/methodology/approach Using a quasi-case study method, four social enterprise food initiatives are presented to illustrate conceptually how these local food systems contribute to community resilience in the post-earthquake context in Christchurch. Findings The results suggest that a generation of social entrepreneurs have emerged, giving rise to networked local food system initiatives that share the common goals of building multiple and unique forms of capital (human, social, natural, financial and physical). In doing so, they have contributed to creating conditions that support community resilience as both a process and an outcome in post-earthquake Christchurch. Research limitations/implications This research included only four enterprises as the case study, all located in central Christchurch. As such, the results are indicative and may not represent those found in other contexts. Practical implications The research suggests that social entrepreneurs make a significant contribution to both enhancing food security and building community resilience post-disaster. How policy infrastructure can empower and enable entrepreneurs’ post-disaster warrants further consideration. Social implications Collectively, the four enterprises included in the research were found to have created local solutions in response to local problems. This embeddedness with and responsiveness to the community is a characteristic of resilient communities. Originality/value Post-earthquake Christchurch is a living laboratory in relation to understanding community resilience. The processes by which it is occurring, how it is sustained over time and the shapes it will take in the future in such a dynamic environment are not yet understood. This paper contributes to understanding local food systems as part of this process.

scholarly journals Post-Disaster Relocation of Urban Coastal Communities in the Philippines

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
Ginbert Permejo Cuaton
Keyword(s):  
Urban Poor ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Coastal Communities ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Great Consideration ◽  
Relocation Assistance ◽  
Field Works ◽  
Post Disaster

This paper examines the super typhoon Haiyan disaster as a case study that demonstrates the full complexity of multidimensional challenges, vulnerabilities, and adaptation needs of urban coastal communities at high risk of future impacts. Anchored on the Coastal Relocation Potential framework developed by Bukvic, Smith, and Zhang (2015), this qualitative research gathered data using a combination of desk research and field works in three urban coastal villages of Tacloban City highly devastated by Haiyan. Results showed that residents in urban coastal communities consider the following factors in deciding to relocate or not: a) household level socio-economic factors, b) psychosocial and physical impacts, c) post-disaster recovery concerns, and d) relocation assistance support needs. The study argues that policy-makers need proper planning, participatory consultation and great consideration to the socio-economic impacts it will cause to coastal dwellers, majority of which is urban-poor families.

INFRASTRUCTURE AND COMMUNITY RESILIENCE METRICS: APPLICATION OF THE HOLISTIC METHOD WITHIN THE LATVIAN CONTEXT

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maksims Feofilovs ◽  
Francesco Romagnoli ◽  
Rasa Vaiškūnaitė
Keyword(s):  
Community Resilience ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Disaster Resilience ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Quantitative Metrics ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Resilience Index ◽  
Total List ◽  
Response And Recovery ◽  
Open Issues

Enhancing and building resilient cities represent a contemporary approach on which scientists and policy makers are strengthening cooperation; however, so far quantitative metrics and standards for measuring resilience are still open issues. This must be aimed toward diminishing society’s vulnerability and reducing the likelihood of disasters (both manmade and natural) and their possible effects. The evaluation of metrics within the crisis management should be able to provide a useful tool and enable stakeholders to assess the effectiveness of resilience strategies and their added value is a key factor for building resilient sound communities and infrastructures. Several frameworks and models have been created and proposed to assess and evaluate the resilience of critical infrastructures (CIs) as well as the evaluation of community resilience. Nevertheless, their application is limited to specific case studies, thus showing lack of a robust link with the decision making dimensions. This study examines infrastructure and community resilience to natural hazards in six regions of Latvia: Riga, around Riga region, Kurzeme, Vidzeme, Latgale and Zemgale. The aim of this study is to create a Community disaster resilience index (CDRI) with the application of a holistic indicatorbased model. Based on the literature-based research an initial total list of 86 indicators has been selected for a model representing social, economic, physical, human and environment capital (or resources to be potentially mobilized) and linked by their relevance to the main phases of the disaster resilience dynamics: mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery.

scholarly journals Reviving an Unpopular Tourism Destination through the Placemaking Approach: Case Study of Ngawen Temple, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6704
Author(s):  
Setiawan Priatmoko ◽  
Moaaz Kabil ◽  
László Vasa ◽  
Edit Ilona Pallás ◽  
Lóránt Dénes Dávid
Keyword(s):  
Driving Force ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Community Surveys ◽  
The Road ◽  
Tourism Destinations ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Planning Development ◽  
Main Strategy

Changes in tourists’ behavior in recent times have been considered a driving force for emphasizing the importance of unpopular tourism destinations as one of the key potentials in the tourism industry in any nation. On the road to reviving unpopular tourism destinations, this study aims to identify the potential tourism aspect and development of the Ngawen Temple in Indonesia. This research applies the placemaking approach as the main strategy for resurrecting Ngawen Temple. By using visitor surveys, visitor flows, and community surveys, this research obtains a clearer assessment for determining the planning development of Ngawen Temple. The research results revealed that unpopular destinations still have the potential to be developed and bring more benefits to the local economy by conducting a comprehensive placemaking approach. Accordingly, possible strategies based on various literature and field observations can provide clues to stakeholders on how to use their tourism assets to improve local communities’ economies. Some of the most frequently proposed strategies are the following: link the unpopular destination with other popular ones through structured tourism trips; design a “tourist trap,” which is a created place to hold tourists longer in a destination using new additional facilities; improve the infrastructure; and establish more creative tourism spaces, such as tourism centers.

scholarly journals The Road to Net Zero: A Case Study of Innovative Technologies and Policy Changes Used at a Medium-Sized University to Achieve Czero by 2030

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 9954
Author(s):  
Ciara O’Flynn ◽  
Valentine Seymour ◽  
James Crawshaw ◽  
Thomas Parrott ◽  
Catriona Reeby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Road ◽  
Net Zero ◽  
Reduction Methods ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Insight Into

The need for the world to follow a more carbon-neutral path is clear, with growing evidence highlighting the existential threat posed by unregulated GHG emissions. Responsibility for achieving this does not only lie with policy makers but is shared with all stakeholders including governments, private sectors, charities and civil society as a whole. Several methodological approaches have been developed to set emission reduction targets, including the Science-Based Targets Initiative (SBTi). However, it is yet to be widely adopted, and as thought leaders in the field, universities must take a lead in its interpretation and application. This study is reported from the perspective of a UK university, which is adopting climate change considerations to facilitate achieving Czero by 2030 and will act as an exemplar case. We calculate baseline emissions, science-based reduction targets for different carbon emission reduction methods and options in terms of financing emission reduction pathways at present and in the future. The study outcomes show that incorporating a SBTi methodology can serve as insight into other medium-sized organisations and universities wishing to develop a net-zero pathway. These results have been summarised into a series of recommendations.

scholarly journals A Case Study of Enhancing Sustainable Intensification of Chinese Torreya Forest in Zhuji of China

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiongwen Chen ◽  
Hangbiao Jin
Keyword(s):  
Local Economy ◽  
Sustainable Intensification ◽  
Southeastern China ◽  
Local Society ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Social ◽  
Translational Ecology ◽  
Torreya Grandis ◽  
To Receive

Chinese torreya (Torreya grandis cv. Merrillii) is an important cash tree in southeastern China and this species plays a major role in local economy. Establishing new plantations of Chinese torreya would be necessary in order to receive more economic benefit. However, expanding the area of torreya plantations would conflict with other land-use and also affect regional biodiversity. Under this context, local people and government made a paradigm shift from nuts productivity to sustainable practices. They explored the multi-functionalities of Chinese torreya forests, such as the social, cultural, environmental and health functionalities, and developed ecotourism as a breakthrough. The development of multi-functionalities of torreya plantations greatly improved the local economy and led a success in the local society. The strategy of this case completely followed the principles of sustainable intensification of agriculture and translational ecology, which involve scientists, stakeholders and policy makers to emphasize landscape multi-functionalities and minimize environmental impacts of operations. The knowledge from this study may be helpful to research in other regions.

scholarly journals Managing Filling Stations Spatial Database Using an Innovative GIS Tool – Case Study Afipko City in Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
M. A. Emakoji ◽  
K. N. Otah
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Distance ◽  
Health Care Centre ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Road ◽  
Filling Station ◽  
Regulatory Standards ◽  
Spatially Distributed ◽  
Spatial Analyst ◽  
Regulatory Bodies

With the Nigeria economy and her citizens over reliance on crude oil and its refined products, the use of petrol, diesel and kerosene in fuelling of generators and automobiles or for domestic cooking becomes very essential. Hence, constant visit to filling stations is necessary at one time or the other. This has in turn enthused the siting of so many filling stations and one is forced to wonder if they all complied with the standards required for their establishment. The question of where to buy fuel and which filling station is sited short of the regulatory standards can be appropriately answered using Geographic Information System (GIS). This study focuses on analysing the location of filling stations within Afikpo, in Ebonyi State Nigeria against the laws/regulations guiding their establishment. The coordinates of the filling stations were acquired with a handheld Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver and plotted on a georeferenced map in ArcMap environment of ArcGIS 10.2 software. All the analyses were performed in the ArcMap environment using spatial analyst, spatial statistics and proximity tools available in the software. The findings revealed that the filling stations are spatially distributed in a dispersed pattern. The results of the analysis reveals that 44.4% of the filling stations did not meet the criteria of 15 meters minimum distance from the pump to the edge of the road. 22.2% of the filling stations were sited too close (lesser than 100 meters) to a health care centre. 66.7 % % did not meet the criteria of 400 meter minimum distance to other stations when located on the same road side (with no road separation). This database created on filling stations provides a platform to help policy makers (regulatory agencies) in planning, management and effective monitoring/supervision. It is there recommended that the regulatory bodies should be proactive in the discharge of their duties.

Gender mainstreaming as a strategy to achieve sustainable post-disaster reconstruction

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 544-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tri Yumarni ◽  
Dilanthi Amaratunga
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Gender Mainstreaming ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Policy Performance ◽  
Exploratory Case Study ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
Unique Site ◽  
Post Disaster

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to discuss policy-relevant findings regarding strategies for mainstreaming gender in achieving sustainable post-disaster reconstruction (PDR). Design/methodology/approach An exploratory case study was used to explore the implementation of gender mainstreaming strategies and the link to sustainable PDR. The Bantul and Sleman regencies of Yogyakarta province provide a unique site for researching PDR as they are located in a region that is more strongly affected by earthquakes than nearly any other in Indonesia. Data were collected through interviews with 17 key stakeholders and 26 beneficiaries who were involved during and after the earthquake. To support the interview findings, surveys involving 50 policy makers and 150 beneficiaries were conducted. Content analysis and t-statistics were used in analyzing the data. Findings Gender mainstreaming strategies within sustainable reconstruction should incorporate strategies for protecting against gender vulnerabilities and for promoting gender capacities. Both are fundamental to the achievement of sustainable PDR. Originality/value The paper establishes comprehensive strategies for mainstreaming gender under three pillars (i.e. economic, social and environmental) of sustainable development. The findings benefit relevant policy makers by improving the policy performance of gender mainstreaming in the affected communities in enhancing sustainable PDR.

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