Antagonistic bacteria of composted agro-industrial residues exhibit antibiosis against soil-borne fungal plant pathogens and protection of tomato plants from Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radicis-lycopersici

2010 ◽  
Vol 333 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 233-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nektarios Kavroulakis ◽  
Spyridon Ntougias ◽  
Maria I. Besi ◽  
Pelagia Katsou ◽  
Athanasia Damaskinou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Antagonistic Bacteria ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Industrial Residues ◽  
Fungal Plant Pathogens

scholarly journals Fusarium oxysporum Ste12 Controls Invasive Growth and Virulence Downstream of the Fmk1 MAPK Cascade

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 830-839 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Rispail ◽  
Antonio Di Pietro
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Mapk Cascade ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Invasive Growth ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Hyphal Fusion ◽  
Fungal Plant Pathogens ◽  
Pectinolytic Enzymes

A conserved mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade homologous to the yeast Fus3/Kss1 mating/filamentation pathway regulates virulence in fungal plant pathogens. In the soilborne fungus Fusarium oxysporum, the MAPK Fmk1 is required for infection and development of vascular wilt disease on tomato plants. Knockout mutants lacking Fmk1 are deficient in multiple virulence-related functions, including root adhesion and penetration, invasive growth, secretion of pectinolytic enzymes, and vegetative hyphal fusion. The transcription factors mediating these different outputs downstream of the MAPK cascade are currently unknown. In this study, we have analyzed the role of ste12 which encodes an orthologue of the yeast homeodomain transcription factor Ste12p. F. oxysporum mutants lacking the ste12 gene were impaired in invasive growth on tomato and apple fruit tissue and in penetration of cellophane membranes. However, ste12 was not required for adhesion to tomato roots, secretion of pectinolytic enzymes, and vegetative hyphal fusion, suggesting that these Fmk1-dependent functions are mediated by other downstream MAPK targets. The Δste12 strains displayed dramatically reduced virulence on tomato plants, similar to the Δfmk1 mutant. These results indicate that invasive growth is the major virulence function controlled by the Fmk1 MAPK cascade and depends critically on the transcription factor Ste12.

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of an Endopolygalacturonase from Fusarium oxysporum Expressed during Early Stages of Infection

2001 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 2191-2196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fé I. Garcı́a-Maceira ◽  
A. Di Pietro ◽  
M. Dolores Huertas-González ◽  
M. Carmen Ruiz-Roldán ◽  
M. Isabel G. Roncero
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Detectable Effect ◽  
Calculated Molecular Mass ◽  
Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽  
Fungal Plant Pathogens ◽  
Heterologous System ◽  
Tomato Roots ◽  
Pectinolytic Enzymes

ABSTRACT The tomato vascular wilt pathogen Fusarium oxysporumf. sp. lycopersici produces an array of pectinolytic enzymes that may contribute to penetration and colonization of the host plant. Here we report the isolation of pg5, encoding a novel extracellular endopolygalacturonase (endoPG) that is highly conserved among different formae speciales of F. oxysporum. The putative mature pg5 product has a calculated molecular mass of 35 kDa and a pI of 8.3 and is more closely related to endoPGs from other fungal plant pathogens than to PG1, the major endoPG of F. oxysporum. Overexpression ofpg5 in a bacterial heterologous system produced a 35-kDa protein with endoPG activity. Accumulation of pg5transcript is induced by citrus pectin and d-galacturonic acid and repressed by glucose. As shown by reverse transcription-PCR,pg5 is expressed by F. oxysporum in tomato roots during the initial stages of infection. Targeted inactivation of pg5 has no detectable effect on virulence toward tomato plants.

scholarly journals Cecropin A—Derived Peptides Are Potent Inhibitors of Fungal Plant Pathogens

1998 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 218-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Cavallarin ◽  
David Andreu ◽  
Blanca San Segundo
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Hybrid Peptides ◽  
Cecropin A ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Fungal Plant Pathogens ◽  
Α Helix

Cecropins are naturally occurring peptides that play an important role in the immune response of insects. Cecropin A-derived and cecropin A-melittin hybrid peptides, all smaller than the natural compound cecropin A, were synthesized and tested for their ability to inhibit growth of several agronomically important fungal pathogens. We found that an 11-amino-acid sequence, corresponding to the N-terminal amphipathic α-helix domain of cecropin A, exhibited antifungal activity. Differences in susceptibility of the various pathogens were observed, Phytophthora infestans being particularly sensitive to the shortened cecropin A peptides (IC50 = 2 × 10−6 M). Biotoxicity of the shortest cecropin A-derived peptide was variously affected by the presence of proteins extracted from leaves of tobacco and tomato plants, either total extracts or intercellular fluids (ICFs). Overall, there was a greater tolerance to tomato protein extracts than to tobacco extracts. These findings suggest that tobacco should not be used as a model for testing the possible protective effects of transgenically expressed, cecropin-based genes. The feasibility of tailoring cecropin A genes to enhance crop protection in particular plant/fungus combinations is discussed.

scholarly journals Biopesticide Activity from Drimanic Compounds to Control Tomato Pathogens

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 2053 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iván Montenegro ◽  
Alejandro Madrid ◽  
Mauricio Cuellar ◽  
Michael Seeger ◽  
Juan Alfaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Clavibacter Michiganensis ◽  
Synthetic Compound ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations ◽  
Phytophthora Spp ◽  
Fungal Plant Pathogens

Tomato crops can be affected by several infectious diseases produced by bacteria, fungi, and oomycetes. Four phytopathogens are of special concern because of the major economic losses they generate worldwide in tomato production; Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato, causative agents behind two highly destructive diseases, bacterial canker and bacterial speck, respectively; fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici that causes Fusarium Wilt, which strongly affects tomato crops; and finally, Phytophthora spp., which affect both potato and tomato crops. Polygodial (1), drimenol (2), isonordrimenone (3), and nordrimenone (4) were studied against these four phytopathogenic microorganisms. Among them, compound 1, obtained from Drimys winteri Forst, and synthetic compound 4 are shown here to have potent activity. Most promisingly, the results showed that compounds 1 and 4 affect Clavibacter michiganensis growth at minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) values of 16 and 32 µg/mL, respectively, and high antimycotic activity against Fusarium oxysporum and Phytophthora spp. with MIC of 64 µg/mL. The results of the present study suggest novel treatment alternatives with drimane compounds against bacterial and fungal plant pathogens.

scholarly journals Host–Pathogen Interaction in Fusarium oxysporum Infections: Where Do We Stand?

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (9) ◽  
pp. 889-898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amjad M. Husaini ◽  
Aafreen Sakina ◽  
Souliha R. Cambay
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Plant Immunity ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Signal Pathways ◽  
Protein Signaling ◽  
Host Interactions ◽  
Fungal Plant Pathogens ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein

Fusarium oxysporum, a ubiquitous soilborne pathogen, causes devastating vascular wilt in more than 100 plant species and ranks 5th among the top 10 fungal plant pathogens. It has emerged as a human pathogen, too, causing infections in immune-compromised patients. Therefore, it is important to gain insight into the molecular processes involved in the pathogenesis of this transkingdom pathogen. A complex network comprising interconnected and overlapping signal pathways—mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways, Ras proteins, G-protein signaling components and their downstream pathways, components of the velvet (LaeA/VeA/VelB) complex, and cAMP pathways—is involved in perceiving the host. This network regulates the expression of various pathogenicity genes. However, plants have evolved an elaborate protection system to combat this attack. They, too, possess intricate mechanisms at the molecular level which, once triggered by pathogen attack, transduce signals to activate defense response. This review focuses on understanding and presenting a wholistic picture of the molecular mechanisms of F. oxysporum–host interactions in plant immunity.

scholarly journals ISOLATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND FORMULATION OF ANTAGONISTIC BACTERIA AGAINST FUNGAL PLANT PATHOGENS

AGROFOR ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalija ATANASOVA-PANCEVSKA ◽  
Dzoko KUNGULOVSKI
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Plasmopara Viticola ◽  
Antagonistic Bacteria ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Crop Losses ◽  
Antagonistic Bacterium ◽  
Fungal Plant Pathogens ◽  
Paenibacillus Alvei

Concerns regarding food safety and the environment have led to reduced use ofagrochemicals and the development of sustainable agriculture. In this context,biological control of fungal plant pathogens can improve global food availability,one of the three pillars of food security, by reducing crop losses, particularly forlow-income farmers. Antagonistic bacteria are common soil inhabitants withpotential to be developed into biofungicides for the management of fungal plantpathogens. In this study, antagonistic bacterium was isolated from the commercialcompost from a Resen factory for compost and screened for its growth inhibition offungal pathogens in laboratory tests. The zone of inhibition (mm) was recorded bymeasuring the distance between the edges of the growing mycelium and theantagonistic bacterium. Five replications were maintained for each isolate. Basedon phenotypic characteristics, biochemical tests, and sequence analysis of 16SrRNA, the antagonistic bacterium was identified as Paenibacillus alvei (strain DZ-3). The bacterium suppressed the growth of all five tested fungal plant pathogens(Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani, Alternaria alternata, Botrytis cinereaand Plasmopara viticola) in in vitro conditions over. The survival of antagonisticbacterium in peat and talc formulations decreased time at room temperature, butthe populations remained above 108 CFU/g during the 180-day storage period. Thisstudy suggests that this bacterium can be developed and formulated asbiofungicides for minimizing the crop losses caused by fungal plant pathogens anddiseases caused by them.

Morphological, biochemical and molecular identification of rhizobacteria isolates with potential for biocontrol of fungal plant pathogens

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Stephen Larbi-Koranteng ◽  
Richard Tuyee Awuah ◽  
Fredrick Kankam ◽  
Muntala Abdulai ◽  
Marian Dorcas Quain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Identification ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Fungal Plant Pathogens

Race identification of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici isolates obtained from tomato plants in Nova Friburgo, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiana Maia de Oliveira ◽  
Margarida Gorete Ferreira do Carmo ◽  
Leandro Martins Ferreira ◽  
Monica Höfte ◽  
Nelson Moura Brasil do Amaral Sobrinho
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Race Identification

scholarly journals Signaling in the Tomato Immunity against Fusarium oxysporum

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 1818
Author(s):  
Francisco Hernández-Aparicio ◽  
Purificación Lisón ◽  
Ismael Rodrigo ◽  
José María Bellés ◽  
M. Pilar López-Gresa
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Marker Gene ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Incompatible Interaction ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Fatty Acid Derivatives ◽  
Resistance Inducers ◽  
Plant Pathogen Interactions

New strategies of control need to be developed with the aim of economic and environmental sustainability in plant and crop protection. Metabolomics is an excellent platform for both understanding the complex plant–pathogen interactions and unraveling new chemical control strategies. GC-MS-based metabolomics, along with a phytohormone analysis of a compatible and incompatible interaction between tomato plants and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, revealed the specific volatile chemical composition and the plant signals associated with them. The susceptible tomato plants were characterized by the over-emission of methyl- and ethyl-salicylate as well as some fatty acid derivatives, along with an activation of salicylic acid and abscisic acid signaling. In contrast, terpenoids, benzenoids, and 2-ethylhexanoic acid were differentially emitted by plants undergoing an incompatible interaction, together with the activation of the jasmonic acid (JA) pathway. In accordance with this response, a higher expression of several genes participating in the biosynthesis of these volatiles, such as MTS1, TomloxC,TomloxD, and AOS, as well as JAZ7, a JA marker gene, was found to be induced by the fungus in these resistant plants. The characterized metabolome of the immune tomato plants could lead to the development of new resistance inducers against Fusarium wilt treatment.

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