scholarly journals The role of ethnic origin and situational information in teachers’ reactions to social exclusion among students

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Beißert ◽  
Miriam Staat ◽  
Meike Bonefeld
Keyword(s):  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Ethnic Origin ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Situational Information

AbstractThe current study investigated pre- and in-service teachers' reactions to interethnic exclusion in Germany. Using hypothetical scenarios, we examined a sample of 482 teachers (84 males, 398 females; 59% pre-service teachers, 41% in-service teachers) as observers of exclusion among students. In these scenarios, we varied the ethnic origin of the excluded student (German vs. Turkish) and the background information, providing participants either with no additional background information or with information specifying that the excluded student had shown prior norm-violating behavior (insult of another student). We assessed the teachers’ evaluations of the scenarios and their anticipated reactions. The aim of the study was to replicate and extend previous research on teachers’ reactions to social exclusion. As expected, the analyses revealed a strong effect of the background information on teachers’ evaluations and reactions. The teachers evaluated exclusion as much more acceptable and were less likely to intervene in the scenarios with negative background information compared to those without additional information. Teachers seem to view exclusion in these situations as an understandable consequence of norm-violating behavior. However, in contrast to our expectations, the ethnic origin of the excluded student in the scenarios had no impact on teachers’ reactions. That is, situational information seems to be much more important for teachers’ reactions to social exclusion than the ethnic origin of an excluded student.

The effect of social exclusion and similarity on group relations: The role of hormones

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Hitlan ◽  
Derrick McAdams ◽  
Catherine DeSoto ◽  
Rory Deol
Keyword(s):  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Group Relations

The Role of Uric Acid in the Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Narrative Review

Angiology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 000331972110125
Author(s):  
Atalay Demiray ◽  
Baris Afsar ◽  
Adrian Covic ◽  
Masanari Kuwabara ◽  
Charles J. Ferro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Pathophysiological Role ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Pathologic Processes

Increased serum uric acid (SUA) levels have been associated with various pathologic processes such as increased oxidative stress, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction. Thus, it is not surprising that increased SUA is associated with various adverse outcomes including cardiovascular (CV) diseases. Recent epidemiological evidence suggests that increased SUA may be related to acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Accumulating data also showed that elevated UA has pathophysiological role in the development of AMI. However, there are also studies showing that SUA is not related to the risk of AMI. In this narrative review, we summarized the recent literature data regarding SUA and AMI after providing some background information for the association between UA and coronary artery disease. Future studies will show whether decreasing SUA levels is beneficial for outcomes related to AMI and the optimum SUA levels for best outcomes in CV diseases.

Activators in Accelerated Sulfur Vulcanization

2004 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 512-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geert Heideman ◽  
Rabin N. Datta ◽  
Jacques W. M. Noordermeer ◽  
Ben van Baarle
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Mechanisms ◽  
Model Compound ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Zinc Compounds ◽  
Chemical Mechanisms ◽  
Sulfur Vulcanization ◽  
Multifunctional Additives ◽  
Vulcanization Process

Abstract This review provides relevant background information about the vulcanization process, as well as the chemistry of thiuram- and sulfenamide-accelerated sulfur vulcanization with emphasis on the role of activators, to lay a base for further research. It commences with an introduction of sulfur vulcanization and a summary of the reaction mechanisms as described in literature, followed by the role of activators, particularly ZnO. The various possibilities to reduce ZnO levels in rubber compounding, that have been proposed in literature, are reviewed. A totally different approach to reduce ZnO is described in the paragraphs about the various possible roles of multifunctional additives (MFA) in rubber vulcanization. Another paragraph is dedicated to the role of amines in rubber vulcanization, in order to provide some insight in the underlying chemical mechanisms of MFA systems. Furthermore, an overview of Model Compound Vulcanization (MCV) with respect to different models and activator/accelerator systems is given. In the last part of this review, the various functions of ZnO in rubber are summarized. It clearly reveals that the role of ZnO and zinc compounds is very complex and still deserves further clarification.

Do public policies reduce social exclusion? The role of national and supranational economic tools

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 165-181
Author(s):  
Aniello Ferraro ◽  
Massimiliano Cerciello ◽  
Massimiliano Agovino ◽  
Antonio Garofalo
Keyword(s):  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Economic Tools

Los estereotipos sociales a través del filtro de la traducción

Babel ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-233
Author(s):  
Gemma Andújar Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Social Representations ◽  
Social Perceptions ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Social Stereotypes ◽  
Cultural Systems ◽  
The Social ◽  
Thought Patterns ◽  
Points Of View

Cultural referents not only designate specific realities of a given culture which do not always exist in another but they are also semantic elements which trigger social representations. By conveying values and points of view about different social groups, cultural referents become linguistic instruments to build stereotypes. These thought patterns are shared by the members of a social or cultural community and act as a filter of reality. The aim of this paper is to study the role of cultural referents in the construction of social stereotypes, focusing on the socio-cognitive universe they evoke. To this end, we have analyzed the translations techniques applied in the Spanish, Catalan and English versions of a novel which has been very successful on the French literary scene: Muriel Barbery’s L’Élégance du hérisson (2006). As show the results of this textual comparison, the explanations, descriptions and additional information observed in target texts do not trigger the same associations as cultural referents do in the source text. Translational approaches are too limited when it comes to achieve linguistic adequacy to different world visions. Therefore, translation must be conceived as an encounter between two cultural systems, in which the translator must build bridges, not so much between two linguistic systems as between the social perceptions and values of two different cultural communities.

scholarly journals The Role of Averaging for Improving Sea Surface Salinity Retrieval from the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) Satellite and Impact of Auxiliary Data

2007 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine Philipps ◽  
Christine Boone ◽  
Estelle Obligis
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Sensitivity Study ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Sea Surface Salinity ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Surface Salinity ◽  
Auxiliary Data ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Ocean Salinity

Abstract Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) was chosen as the European Space Agency’s second Earth Explorer Opportunity mission. One of the objectives is to retrieve sea surface salinity (SSS) from measured brightness temperatures (TBs) at L band with a precision of 0.2 practical salinity units (psu) with averages taken over 200 km by 200 km areas and 10 days [as suggested in the requirements of the Global Ocean Data Assimilation Experiment (GODAE)]. The retrieval is performed here by an inverse model and additional information of auxiliary SSS, sea surface temperature (SST), and wind speed (W). A sensitivity study is done to observe the influence of the TBs and auxiliary data on the SSS retrieval. The key role of TB and W accuracy on SSS retrieval is verified. Retrieval is then done over the Atlantic for two cases. In case A, auxiliary data are simulated from two model outputs by adding white noise. The more realistic case B uses independent databases for reference and auxiliary ocean parameters. For these cases, the RMS error of retrieved SSS on pixel scale is around 1 psu (1.2 for case B). Averaging over GODAE scales reduces the SSS error by a factor of 12 (4 for case B). The weaker error reduction in case B is most likely due to the correlation of errors in auxiliary data. This study shows that SSS retrieval will be very sensitive to errors on auxiliary data. Specific efforts should be devoted to improving the quality of auxiliary data.

Process Piping: The Complete Guide to ASME B31.3, Fourth Edition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Becht, IV
Keyword(s):  
Pipe Wall ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Fourth Edition ◽  
Expansion Joints ◽  
Analysis And Design ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Flexibility Analysis ◽  
Process Piping ◽  
Expert Commentary ◽  
Welding Processes

Fully updated for the 2020 Edition of the ASME B31.3 Code, this fourth edition provides background information, historical perspective, and expert commentary on the ASME B31.3 Code requirements for process piping design and construction. It provides the most complete coverage of the Code that is available today and is packed with additional information useful to those responsible for the design and mechanical integrity of process piping. The author and the primary contributor to the fourth edition, Don Frikken are a long-serving members, and Prior Chairmen, of the ASME B31.3, Process Piping Code committee. Dr. Becht explains the principal intentions of the Code, covering the content of each of the Code's chapters. Book inserts cover special topics such as calculation of refractory lined pipe wall temperature, spring design, design for vibration, welding processes, bonding processes and expansion joint pressure thrust. Appendices in the book include useful information for pressure design and flexibility analysis as well as guidelines for computer flexibility analysis and design of piping systems with expansion joints. From the new designer wanting to known how to size a pipe wall thickness or design a spring to the expert piping engineer wanting to understand some nuance or intent of the code, everyone whose career involves process piping will find this to be a valuable reference.

Pain relief with elastic therapeutic taping

2021 ◽  
pp. bmjspcare-2021-003381
Author(s):  
Ekta Gupta ◽  
Courtland Lee ◽  
Amy Ng ◽  
Eduardo Bruera
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Symptom Burden ◽  
Substantial Improvement ◽  
Functional Mobility ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Symptom Improvement ◽  
Plantar Surface ◽  
Pain Rating Scale ◽  
Pain Improvement

Background and purposeChemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) occurs in 19%–85% of patients undergoing cancer treatment. Due to the high symptom burden, specifically pain in the soles of feet, we explore the role of elastic therapeutic (ET) taping for treatment of CIPN.Case descriptionWe report two cases of patients with CIPN-induced foot pain while admitted to the hospital. Their background information, including chemotherapy history, treatments trialed and effects of ET on their pain, is discussed. Each patient underwent ET using the epidermis, dermis, fascia technique for CIPN. An occupational therapist applied ET to the plantar surface of both feet to the ankle with 0% stretch on the tape for 24–96 hours. We also showed the effect of symptom improvement in their individualized rehabilitation session following application of ET.OutcomesPain score, verbally documented by 10 point numerical pain rating scale, decreased by >50% in both patients within 24 hours of application. This reflects a substantial improvement in pain with the intervention of ET. This allowed for improved tolerance in engaging in functional mobility, with improvement in distances ambulated.DiscussionET taping of the distal leg and foot showed pain improvement for these two patients. Our findings suggest that a clinical trial aimed at better characterising the role of ET in these patients is justified.

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