Jus Remakuda (Sereh, Kurma, Air Kelapa Muda) terhadap Penurunan Intensitas Dismenore pada Remaja

ABSTRAKDismenorea merupakan rasa nyeri pada daerah perut bagian bawah sampai kepanggul, yang disebabkan oleh produksi zat kimia yang bernama prostaglandin yang dinyatakan dapat meningkatkan nyeri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas Jus remakuda terhadap penurunan Intensitas dismenore pada remaja putri. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah pra eksperimen one group pre test post test design Populasi adalah semua siswi SMPN 1 Tembelang, Teknik sampling yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah purposive sampling dengan jumlah sampel 60 remaja putri SMPN 1 Tembelang Penelitian dilaksanakan pada tanggal 01-30 September 2021 di SMPN I Tembelang Kabupaten Jombang. lembar observasi skala nyeri Numeric Ratting Scale (NRS) dan Wong Baker Pain Rating Scale untuk mengukur intensitas dimenore, data di analisa menggunakan uji WilcoxonHasil : Setelah di berikan pemberian jus Remakuda selama 5 hari pada remaja putri yang sedang menstruasi dan mengalami dismenore di dapatkan nilai Z :-7.103 dan p: 0.000 Jus Remakuda berpengaruh terhadap Penurunan Intensitas Dismenore pada remaja putri, Kata Kunci: jus remakuda; dismenore; remaja ABSTRACT Dysmenorrhea is pain in the lower abdomen to the pelvis, which is caused by the production of a chemical called prostaglandin which is stated to increase pain. The research design was a pre-experimental one group pre-test post-test design. The population was all students of State Junior High School 1 of Tembelang. The sampling technique used in this study was purposive sampling with a sample of 60 young women at State Junior High School 1 of Tembelang. The study was conducted on 01-30 September 2021. at SMPN I Tembelang, Jombang Regency. This research instrument used an observation sheet for the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) pain scale and the Wong Baker Pain Rating Scale to measure the intensity of dysmenorrhea, the data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test. After being given Remakuda juice for 5 days, young women who are menstruating and experiencing dysmenorrhea get Z value: -7.103 and p: 0.000 Remakuda juice has an effect on reducing the intensity of dysmenorrhea in adolescent girls. Keyword : remakuda juice; dysmenorrhea; adolescents

Effectiveness of Progressive Resisted Exercise along with Conventional Exercise and Conventional Exercise Program alone in Subjects with Text Neck Syndrome

Background: "Text neck" is a term coined to describe the posture created by leaning forward for lengthy periods of time, such as when reading and texting on a cellphone which has been linked to stress injuries. Neck pain, upper back discomfort, shoulder pain, frequent headaches, and greater curvature of the spine are all dangerous indications of text neck. According to a survey, 35% of smartphone users suffer from text neck syndrome. People between the ages of 15 and 18 are more likely to have neck pain. This protocol has been created that describes the design of comparative study to evaluate effectiveness of progressive resisted exercise along with conventional exercise and conventional exercise program alone in text neck syndrome. Methods: The participants (n=80) will be recruited in the study suffering from text neck syndrome and meeting the inclusion criteria. Two groups will be formed such that patients in group A will be treated with conventional therapy and group B will be treated with progressive resisted exercise (PRE) along with conventional therapy. The protocol will cover 4 weeks of treatment. In the rehabilitation period, we will evaluate the pain intensity, strength of neck muscles and functional activity. Our outcome measures will be- Numerical pain rating scale (NPRS) and Neck disability index (NDI). Discussion: Efficacy of the intervention will be evaluated by analyzing the pain intensity by using Numerical pain rating scale (NPRS) and level of functional disability by using Neck disability index (NDI). The result of the study will significantly provide affirmation on either using combination therapy of PRE with conventional exercise or conventional exercise alone.

Evaluation of full cup test and numeric pain rating scale in the assessment of orofacial pain

Pain intensity is a common outcome domain assessed in pain clinical trials. The patient’s self-report is the gold standard and it appears to be embedded in everyday clinical practice. Most often pain assessment is considered to be the cornerstone for ideal treatment.The aim of this study was to assess the dental patients’ level of pain using Full Cup Test (FCT) and Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), and to compare and validate the Full Cup Test in the assessment of orofacial pain with Numeric Pain Rating Scale.A total of sixty patients presenting with various forms of orofacial pain were included in this cross-sectional study. Data collected include the patient demographic details and the diagnosis of each case was made after proper history taking, clinical examination and radiographic investigation. Pain assessment was done for each patient using both numeric pain rating scale and full cup test.All the data were analysed using inferential statistics Mann Whitney test and the analysis was carried out with SPSS 17.The comparison of mean pain scores using full cup test and numeric pain rating scale shows there was significant differences between acute and chronic pain with P- value of 0.023 and 0.005 respectively. FCT had shown 83 percent sensitivity and 94 percent specificity.Patients who presented with either acute or chronic dental conditions experienced moderate to severe level of pain. FCT is useful for both evaluating and discerning changes in pain and it can be used as a tool in pain assessment.

Literature Review : Pengaruh Guided Imagery Terhadap Tingkat Nyeri Pemasangan Infus Anak Usia Sekolah

School-age children are they who are in middle age starting from the age of 6-13 years. Pain during intravenous cannulation is a painful thing, and it can be treated using non-pharmacological therapy, namely guided imagery therapy. Guided imagery is an intervention that can encourage children to concentrate by imagining fun things during procedures that cause pain. The measuring instrument used to measure pain is the Wong Bacer Faces Pain Rating Scale. So that children can determine the scale of pain they feel when assessing pain. The purpose ofthis study was to determine the effect of giving guided imagery therapy to reduce pain during intravenous cannulation among school-age children. The design of this study was a literature review of three articles from Google Scholar with the research subjects being school-age children. The results of a literature review of three articles showed a decrease In pain scale m children who experienced pain dunng Intravenous cannulation after guided imagery therapy. In conclusion, the average of the three articles with guided imagery therapy, the results in the intervention group was 2.20 and in the control group was 2.52, so there was a decrease in pain of 0.32. It is suggested for nurses to provide the therapy to school-age children who experience pain during intravenous cannulation.Keywords :School-age Children, Guided Imagery, Pain, Intravenous Cannulation, Wong Bacer Faces Pain Rating Scale. AbstrakPada masa anak-anak sampai dengan masa pertengahan dimulai sejak usia 6-13 tahun yang disebut dengan anak usia sekolah. Nyeri pemasangan infus merupakan suatu hal yang menyakitkan, nyeri dapat diatasi dengan menggunakan terapi non farmakologi yaitu dengan terapi guided imagery. Guided imagery adalah tindakan yangdapat mendorong anak untuk berkonsentrasi dengan membayangkan hal yang menyenangkan selama prosedur yang menyebabkan nyeri, alat ukur yang digunakan untuk mengukur nyeri yaitu Wong Bacer Faces Pain Rating Scale, sehingga pada saat dilakukan tindakan pengkajian nyeri pada anak dapat menunjuk skala nyeri yang dirasakan. Tujuan penelitian karya tulis ilmiah ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian terapi guided imagery untuk menurunkan nyeri pemasangan infus pada anak sekolah. Desain penulisan karya tulis ilmiah berupa literature review yang diambil dari 3 jurnal penelitian, dicari di laman google scholar, subjek penelitian yaitu anak usia sekolah. Hasil literature review pada ketiga artikel penelitian menunjukan terjadinya penurunan skala nyeri pada anak yang mengalami nyeri saat pemasangan infus setelah dilakukan terapi guided imagery. Kesimpulan pada hasil rata-rata dari ke 3 penelitian yang dilakukan tindakan terapi guided imagery pada kelompok intervensi yaitu 2,20 dan pada kelompok kontrol 2,52 ada penurunan nyeri sebanyak 0,32. Saran kepada perawat untuk memberikan terapi guided imagery pada pasien anak usia sekolah yang mengalami nyeri pemasangan infus.Kata kunci :Anak Sekolah, Guided Imagery, Nyeri, Pemasangan Infus, Wong Bacer Faces Pain Rating Scale

Paramedic adult pain assessment: pilot study

Background: An inability to assess pain may lead to poor or incorrect treatment. However, pain is often poorly assessed in the prehospital setting. Objective: This study aimed to determine the inter-rater reliability of the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale in the prehospital setting in Qatar with five adult standardised patients. Methods: This prospective, quantitative pilot study gathered primary data using survey questionnaires. Five members of staff played the roles of standardised adult patients presenting with differing reference levels of pain. Thirty-five paramedics assessed and recorded the pain intensity score of these five patients using the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale. Each participant was exposed to the same five patients and the same range of facial expressions in a random order. Results: The paramedics recorded the pain score of the five patients based on their observations of their facial expressions, often unexpectedly comparing these to the FACES tool. Overall, the inter-rater reliability as determined through Fleiss' kappa indicated only a poor-to-slight agreement of the allocated pain scores against the reference standards. There was a wide grouping of the pain score levels around the reference standard; most of the allocations were 1 to 2 pain score levels away from the reference standard, although not in a normal distribution, with some of the higher reference pain levels receiving lower scores and vice versa. Sensitivity was poor to very poor throughout. Conclusion: The inter-rater reliability of the participant sample when using the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale to determine pain levels of five standardised patients was poor because the tool was surprisingly not used appropriately by most clinicians. This could be attributed to various factors including the multinational population, language barriers, a lack of familiarisation with the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale and other environmental factors.

Pain relief with elastic therapeutic taping

Background and purposeChemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) occurs in 19%–85% of patients undergoing cancer treatment. Due to the high symptom burden, specifically pain in the soles of feet, we explore the role of elastic therapeutic (ET) taping for treatment of CIPN.Case descriptionWe report two cases of patients with CIPN-induced foot pain while admitted to the hospital. Their background information, including chemotherapy history, treatments trialed and effects of ET on their pain, is discussed. Each patient underwent ET using the epidermis, dermis, fascia technique for CIPN. An occupational therapist applied ET to the plantar surface of both feet to the ankle with 0% stretch on the tape for 24–96 hours. We also showed the effect of symptom improvement in their individualized rehabilitation session following application of ET.OutcomesPain score, verbally documented by 10 point numerical pain rating scale, decreased by >50% in both patients within 24 hours of application. This reflects a substantial improvement in pain with the intervention of ET. This allowed for improved tolerance in engaging in functional mobility, with improvement in distances ambulated.DiscussionET taping of the distal leg and foot showed pain improvement for these two patients. Our findings suggest that a clinical trial aimed at better characterising the role of ET in these patients is justified.

Optical Coherence Tomography for Patients with Developmental Disabilities: A Preliminary Study

Dental radiographs are essential for diagnosis and treatment planning, but are sometimes difficult to acquire for patients with developmental disabilities (PDD). Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is a non-ionizing imaging modality that has the potential application as an alternative to dental radiographs for PDD. This study aimed to determine the feasibility of intraoral OCT imaging for PDD. Ten participants were recruited in the Dental Education in the Care of Persons with Disabilities (DECOD) Clinic to explore the utility of dental OCT. The prototype system (Yoshida Dental) creates in-depth and three-dimensional images of teeth. The participants indicated their degree of pain during imaging on the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale, and the degree of discomfort after imaging on a visual analog scale. OCT can be used for patients with developmental disabilities with minimal levels of pain and discomfort, without ionizing radiation.

Efficacy of Instrument Assisted Soft-Tissue Mobilization in Patients with Heel Pain: An Experimental Study

Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the effects of Instrument-Assisted Soft-Tissue Mobilisation (IASTM) and Therapeutic Ultrasound in patients with heel pain in terms of Numerical Pain Rating Scale and Foot and Ankle Ability Measure scale. This was undertaken as even though Ultrasound is regularly used, heel pain still remains resistant to treatment in some patients. Hence, the need to compare a relatively newer technique with it. Study Design : Experimental study Place and Duration: Department of Musculoskeletal Physiotherapy Sciences, Ravi Nair Physiotherapy College, Sawangi (Meghe) , Wardha , duration of 12 months. Methods: Seventy people (n=70) with heel discomfort (lasting 6 weeks to 1 year) were chosen at random and placed into two groups, each getting eight therapy sessions. IASTM and Home Exercise Program was given to Group A, whereas Therapeutic Ultrasound and Home Exercise Program was given to Group Calf muscle stretches and Plantar fascia stretches were incorporated in the Home Exercise Programme. Outcome measures were recorded both at the beginning of treatment and after final treatment. The patients were assessed for Numerical Pain Rating Scale with first step in morning and at the beginning of first session and after end of last session and for Foot and Ankle Ability Measure scale at the beginning of first session and after end of last session. A follow up period of 90 days (after last session) was taken, the measurements of Numerical Pain Rating Scale and Foot and Ankle Ability Measure scale were taken again to see the long-term effects. Results: Group A which received IASTM + Home exercises showed great improvements than Ultrasound and Home exercise group, from baseline to week 4 after the pain intensity and foot function were assessed using Numerical Pain Rating Scale and Foot and Ankle Ability Measure scale. Statistically significant differences were found in both the groups. i.e. P=0.0001. But 7 people in Ultrasound group complained of pain and functional ability at follow-up session. Conclusion: In this study, it can be concluded that combining both the IASTM and Home Exercise Program have got beneficial effects in decreasing the pain intensity thus improving the foot and ankle function in patients with heel pain.

Coping, Anxiety, and Pain Intensity in Patients Requiring Thoracic Surgery

Stress, anxiety, and post-surgical chest pain are common problems among patients with thoracic surgical pathology. The way in which psychological distress is managed—the coping style—can influence the postsurgical evolution and quality of life of patients. In our study, we monitored the influence of coping style on patients’ anxiety and the intensity of post-operative chest pain. We conducted a cross-sectional study on 90 subjects with thoracic surgical pathology. One month after their surgeries, patients completed the following scales and questionnaires, translated, adapted, and validated for the Romanian population: COPE scale inventory, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 Questionnaire, McGill Pain Questionnaire, and Numeric Pain Rating Scale. Anxiety (evaluated using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 Questionnaire) and postoperative thoracic pain intensity (evaluated by means of the Numeric Pain Rating Scale, Number of Words Chosen, and McGill Pain Questionnaire) were significantly higher in patients exhibiting social-focused coping than in patients presenting emotion-focused or problem-focused coping as their main coping style (Kruskal–Wallis, p = 0.028, p = 0.022, p = 0.042, p = 0.007). In our study, there were no differences observed in pain intensity relative to level of anxiety. Coping style is an important concept in the management of anxiety and pain experienced by patients undergoing chest surgery. Therefore, a multidisciplinary approach should be considered in clinical practice.

Coolsense® versus EMLA® for peripheral venous cannulation in adult volunteers: A randomised crossover trial

Peripheral venous cannulation (PVC) is a commonly performed invasive medical procedure. Topical treatments such as the eutectic mixture of local anaesthetics (EMLA®, Aspen Pharmacare Australia Pty Ltd, St Leonards, NSW) attenuate the associated pain, but are limited by requiring up to one hour of application before becoming effective. The Coolsense® (Coolsense Medical Ltd., Tel Aviv, Israel) pain numbing applicator is a new device using a cryoanalgesic means to anaesthetise skin within seconds. Coolsense is being increasingly used for cannulation, but comparative studies are lacking. We recruited 64 healthy adult volunteers to this open-label two sequence, two period randomised crossover trial. Participants had two 20 gauge venous cannulae inserted, one on the dorsum of each hand. Each cannulation attempt was preceded by treatment with Coolsense or an EMLA patch containing 2.5% lidocaine and 2.5% prilocaine. The primary outcome was participant pain using the 0–10 numerical pain rating scale. Secondary outcomes were participant satisfaction scores on a 0–10 scale, treatment preference, and failed cannulation attempts. Participants were randomly assigned to either the Coolsense EMLA ( n = 32) or EMLA Coolsense ( n = 32) sequence. All participants completed the trial. The pooled mean paired difference of the numerical pain rating scale was –1.84 (95% confidence intervals –1.28 to –2.41; P < 0.001) in favour of EMLA. The pooled mean paired difference for satisfaction score was 2.26 (95% confidence intervals 1.46 to 3.07; P < 0.001) higher with EMLA. Most participants preferred EMLA over Coolsense ( P < 0.001). There was no significant difference regarding failed cannulation between the two treatments ( P = 0.14). Among healthy individuals undergoing elective PVC, EMLA was associated with reduced pain, increased satisfaction, and was the preferred treatment compared to Coolsense.