Effect of various hCG treatment protocols on luteal characteristics, plasma progesterone concentration, and pregnancy in normal cyclic Indian crossbred dairy cows

In modern dairy cows, poor fertility is an ever-increasing problem. Milk progesterone analysis has revealed that this poor fertility is associated with a high incidence of reproductive cycle problems during the post partum period and with reduced progesterone secretion following mating. One of the likely causes of these problems is the increasing metabolic demand placed on these cows by increasing milk yield. In recent years, the search for an endocrine link between nutritional status and reproductive function has focussed on leptin. The aim of the present study was to determine whether plasma concentrations of leptin differ between cows with and without post partum reproductive problems and to determine if any relationship exists between plasma leptin and post mating plasma progesterone concentration.

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Plasma progesterone concentration after first service is associated with individual genetic traits, postpartum phenotypes, and likelihood of conception in seasonal-calving pasture-based dairy cows

Journal of Dairy Science ◽

10.3168/jds.2021-20126 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

E. Rojas Canadas ◽

M.M. Herlihy ◽

J. Kenneally ◽

F. Kearney ◽

J. Furlong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Progesterone Concentration ◽

Genetic Traits ◽

Plasma Progesterone

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Low blood ISG15 mRNA and progesterone levels are predictive of non-pregnant dairy cows

Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1677/joe.1.07015 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 191 (2) ◽

pp. 505-512 ◽

Cited By ~ 83

Author(s):

Hyungchul Han ◽

Kathleen J Austin ◽

Lea A Rempel ◽

Thomas R Hansen

Keyword(s):

Blood Cell ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Pregnancy Rate ◽

Artificial Insemination ◽

Transrectal Ultrasound ◽

Mrna Levels ◽

Progesterone Concentration ◽

Plasma Progesterone ◽

Pregnancy Status ◽

Accurate Indicator

ISG15 is induced by conceptus-derived interferon-τ in the endometrium on days 15–45 of pregnancy. It was hypothesized that pregnancy induces blood cell ISG15 gene expression and that low blood ISG15 mRNA levels provide an indication of non-pregnant cows on day 18. Blood was collected either on day 18 (n = 78) or on days 15–21, 25, and 32 (n = 21; serial collection) from dairy cows following artificial insemination (AI). Plasma progesterone concentration was determined using RIA. ISG15 mRNA levels were determined using real-time PCR. Pregnancy was diagnosed on day 32 using transrectal ultrasound. ISG15 mRNA levels increased after day 16, peaked at day 20 and then declined to day 16 levels by 32 days following AI. The average pregnancy rate was 43% based on blood cell ISG15 mRNA. The average pregnancy rate was 33% based on the transrectal ultrasound. Lower levels of ISG15 mRNA or progesterone during serial collections were 100% accurate in predicting non-pregnant cows based on day 32 transrectal ultrasound. However, detection of ISG15 mRNA yielded 78% accuracy in predicting pregnant cows, while progesterone yielded 58% accuracy. Average plasma progesterone based on pregnancy status according to ultrasound was consistently higher in pregnant (> 4 ng/ml) when compared with non-pregnant cows from days 15 to 32, except on day 16. It is concluded that detection of low blood ISG15 mRNA levels during serial collection from days 17 to 25 serves as an accurate indicator of cows that are not pregnant, thus allowing re-synchronization and insemination.

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Evolution of the corpus luteum volume determined ultrasonographically and its relation to the plasma progesterone concentration after artificial insemination in pregnant and non-pregnant dairy cows

Veterinary Research Communications ◽

10.1007/s11259-017-9685-x ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 41 (3) ◽

pp. 183-188 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

C. Gómez-Seco ◽

B. Alegre ◽

F. Martínez-Pastor ◽

J. G. Prieto ◽

J. R. González-Montaña ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Corpus Luteum ◽

Artificial Insemination ◽

Progesterone Concentration ◽

Plasma Progesterone

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Development and Evaluation of a Method of Hormonal Treatment to Increase Fertility in Dairy Cows

10.32747/1995.7612833.bard ◽

1995 ◽

Author(s):

Jack Britt ◽

Miriam Rosenberg ◽

Steven Washburn ◽

Moshe Kaim

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Ovarian Tissue ◽

Follicular Development ◽

Hormonal Treatment ◽

Practical Method ◽

Progesterone Concentration ◽

Uterine Tissue ◽

Embryo Survival ◽

Treatment Protocols ◽

The Us

The objectives were: 1) to develop a practical method for improving conception rates of dairy cows by administering progesterone during the critical period of the luteal phase prior to first insemination, 2) to determine which cows respond best to such a progesterone treatment, and 3) to determine physiological changes that are associated with this treatment. Experiment 1, conducted in the US and Israel, tested three treatment protocols. Holstein cows: 1) served as controls, 2) received two injections of prostaglanding F2a (PGF) 14 days apart, or 3) received two PGF injections and were inserted with a progesterone releasing intravaginal device (PRID) for 6 days beginning 9 days after the first injection of PGF. Fertility was positively related to plasma progesterone concentations prior to the second PGF injection, but PRID treatment did not improve fertility in cows with low progesterone. Cows in synchronized estrus 2-8 days after the second injection of PGF had higher fertility and better reproductive performance than non-synchronized cows. Experiment 3, conducted in Israel, involved three studies that assessed effect of PRID treatment on: 1) progesterone concentration in ovarian tissue and uterine tissue and fluids, 2) changes in systemic LH and estradiol, and 3) development and function of dominant follicles. Treatment with PRID increased progesterone in uterine tissue and fluid exclusive of effects on systemic concentrations. Low progesterone resulted in persistent follicles that exceeded normal size and produced excessive estrogen. Experiment 4, conducted in the US, evaluated influence of endogenous progesterone on embryo development. Cows were given two injections of PGF 14 days apart and single embryos were recovered 7 days after estrus. Among cyclic cows, there was a linear relationship between progesterone concentration and percentage of cows from which an embryo was recovered. Overall these experiments show that systemic progesterone concentrations affect fertility in high-producing dairy cows through effects on follicular development and embryo survival

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PROGESTERONE IN THE HUMAN PERIPHERAL BLOOD IN THE PREOVULATORY PERIOD OF THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.0550091 ◽

1967 ◽

Vol 55 (1) ◽

pp. 91-96 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Benno Runnebaum ◽

Josef Zander

Keyword(s):

Menstrual Cycle ◽

Corpus Luteum ◽

Peripheral Blood ◽

Human Peripheral Blood ◽

Progesterone Concentration ◽

Plasma Progesterone ◽

Progesterone Secretion ◽

Graafian Follicle ◽

The Mean ◽

Mean Concentration

ABSTRACT Progesterone was determined and identified in human peripheral blood during the preovulatory period of the menstrual cycle, by combined isotope derivative and recrystallization analysis. The mean concentration of progesterone in 1.095 ml of plasma obtained 9 days before ovulation was 0.084 μg/100 ml. However, the mean concentration of progesterone in 1.122 ml of plasma obtained 4 days before ovulation was 0.279 μg/100 ml. These data demonstrate a source of progesterone secretion other than the corpus luteum. The higher plasma-progesterone concentration 4 days before ovulation may indicate progesterone secretion of the ripening Graafian follicle of the ovary.

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Expression Profiles of the Progesterone Receptor, Cyclooxygenase-2, Growth Differentiation Factor 9, and Bone Morphogenetic Protein 15 Transcripts in the Canine Oviducts during the Oestrous Cycle

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11020454 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 454

Author(s):

Jaime Palomino ◽

Javiera Flores ◽

Georges Ramirez ◽

Victor H. Parraguez ◽

Monica De los Reyes

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Bone Morphogenetic Protein ◽

Cyclooxygenase 2 ◽

Oestrous Cycle ◽

Progesterone Concentration ◽

Plasma Progesterone ◽

Morphogenetic Protein ◽

Growth Differentiation Factor 9 ◽

Bone Morphogenetic Protein 15 ◽

Cox 2

The gene expression in the canine oviduct, where oocyte maturation, fertilization, and early embryonic development occur, is still elusive. This study determined the oviductal expression of (PR), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF-9), and bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP-15) during the canine oestrous cycle. Samples were collected from bitches at anoestrus (9), proestrus (7), oestrus (8), and dioestrus (11), after routine ovariohysterectomy and the ovarian surface structures and plasma progesterone concentration evaluated the physiological status of each donor. The oviductal cells were isolated and pooled. Total RNA was isolated, and gene expression was assessed by qPCR followed by analysis using the t-test and ANOVA. The PR mRNA increased (P < 0.05) from the anoestrus to dioestrus with the plasma progesterone concentration (r = 0.8). COX-2 mRNA expression was low in the anoestrus and proestrus, and negligible in the oestrus, while it was around 10-fold higher (P < 0.05) in the dioestrus. The GDF-9 mRNA was expressed during all phases of the oestrous cycle and was most abundant (P < 0.05) during oestrus phase. The BMP-15 mRNA decreased (P < 0.05) in the anoestrus and proestrus phases. Thus, the transcripts were differentially expressed in a stage-dependent manner, suggesting the importance of oestrous cycle regulation for successful reproduction in dogs.

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