Effect of marker dosage frequency and spot fecal sampling frequency in the prediction accuracy of fecal output using chromic oxide and titanium dioxide in grazing BON steers

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Camilo Silva S ◽  
Guillermo Antonio Correa L ◽  
Olga Lucía Mayorga M ◽  
Erika Natalia Duran C ◽  
Danilo Portilla P ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Prediction Accuracy ◽  
Sampling Frequency ◽  
Chromic Oxide ◽  
Fecal Output ◽  
Dosage Frequency ◽  
Fecal Sampling

scholarly journals Fecal excretion patterns and short term bias of internal and external markers in a digestion assay with cattle

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 657-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cláudia Batista Sampaio ◽  
Edenio Detmann ◽  
Tiago Neves Pereira Valente ◽  
Viviane Aparecida Carli Costa ◽  
Sebastião de Campos Valadares Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Chromic Oxide ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Fecal Excretion ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Concentrate Mixture ◽  
Red Angus ◽  
Internal Markers ◽  
Fecal Sampling

The objective of this work was to evaluate the fecal excretion profile and the short term bias of the external markers chromic oxide and titanium dioxide and the internal markers indigestible dry matter (iDM), indigestible neutral detergent fiber (iNDF) and indigestible acid detergent fiber (iADF) in a digestion trial with cattle fed different diets. Fourteen F1 Red Angus × Nellore bulls averaging 12 months old and 287 kg were kept in individual stalls. The animals were fed elephant grass silage, corn silage or signal grass hay, supplemented or not with 20% of concentrate mixture. The experiment consisted of two 13-day experimental periods according to a 2 × 2 Latin square design with seven squares grouping. The animals received 10 g of chromic oxide and 10 g of titanium dioxide through esophageal sounder daily. Fecal grab samples were obtained directly from the rectum of the animals at 1:30 a.m., 3:00 a.m., 4:30 a.m., 6:00 a.m., 7:30 a.m., 9:00 a.m., 10:30 a.m., 12:00 p.m., 1:30 p.m., 3:00 p.m., 4:30 p.m., 6:00 p.m., 7:30 p.m., 9:00 p.m., 10:30 p.m. and 12:00 a.m. There was no effect of forages or concentrate levels on the dimension of excretory cycle. The fundamental period of excretory cycle was 15.06 and 18.66 hours for chromic oxide and titanium dioxide, respectively and 9.93, 9.29 and 10.55 hours for iDM, iNDF and iADF, respectively. The oscillation range was higher for external markers. Considering the characteristics of all evaluated markers together, it is recommended fecal sampling designs with at least four collections, distributed during the day or only in the diurnal period for obtaining fecal excretion estimates free of short term bias.

The digestibility of four ingredients in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum) diets

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 135-135
Author(s):  
R.N. Weatherup ◽  
K.J. McCracken ◽  
D.A. Rice ◽  
J. McKendry ◽  
R. Hoey
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Reliable Data ◽  
Chromic Oxide ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Feed Ingredients ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Fish Diets

The marker technique has been used widely in trout digestibility studies due to practical difficulties in obtaining “true” faeces samples directly from fish. However this technique is also relatively difficult and there are few good systems for faeces collection. Reliable data on raw material digestibilities are therefore scarce. Traditionally, chromic oxide has been used as a marker. However this substance can give rise to skin allergies in humans and has been implicated as a carcinogen. Jagger et al., (1992) suggested that titanium dioxide could be used successfully as a digestibility marker in pig diets. The present study was designed to determine the digestibility of four feed ingredients for trout (prairie meal, maize distillers, soya 50 and extruded wheat) and to evaluate the use of chromic oxide or titanium dioxide as a digestibility marker in fish diets.Each test ingredient was included in a basal diet at 0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 g/kg. Titanium dioxide and chromic oxide were included in the basal diet at 1 and 3.7 g/kg respectively.

Evaluation of the Captec controlled-release chromic oxide capsule for fecal output determination in sheep

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 1375-1380 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-M. Luginbuhl ◽  
K. R. Pond ◽  
J. C. Burns ◽  
D. S. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Chromic Oxide ◽  
Fecal Output

Excretion patterns of titanium dioxide and chromic oxide in duodenal digesta and feces of ewes

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 135-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.D. Myers ◽  
P.A. Ludden ◽  
V. Nayigihugu ◽  
B.W. Hess
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Chromic Oxide

EFFECT OF FREQUENCY OF ADMINISTRATION OF CHROMIC OXIDE ON ITS FECAL EXCRETION PATTERN BY GRAZING CATTLE

1957 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Germain J. Brisson ◽  
W. J. Pigden ◽  
P. E. Sylvestre
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Fecal Sample ◽  
Chromic Oxide ◽  
Fecal Excretion ◽  
Gelatin Capsules ◽  
Fecal Output ◽  
Grazing Cattle ◽  
Constant Rate ◽  
Daily Dose

A total of 20 gm. daily of chromic oxide (Cr2O3) in gelatin capsules was administered to grazing steers and dairy cows. This daily dose was given (a) in a single dose at 8 a.m., or (b) in two equal doses at 8 a.m. and 4.30 p.m., or (c) in six equal doses at 4-hour intervals. The Cr2O3 excretion patterns were determined from grab samples of feces.When animals were dosed once or twice daily, Cr2O3 concentration in the feces changed significantly during the day. When animals were dosed six times daily, Cr2O3 was excreted at a constant rate which could be estimated from a fecal sample taken at any time during the day.Marked differences were observed in excretion patterns obtained in these experiments and under similar conditions by other investigators. These differences emphasize the difficulty of reproducing the Cr2O3 excretion cycle of grazing cattle. The implications of this phenomenon are discussed in relation to the accuracy of measuring fecal output of grazing animals.

scholarly journals PSI-13 Evaluation of acid insoluble ash as a digestibility marker in feedlot diets containing corn-milling byproducts

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 273-273
Author(s):  
Paige R Spowart ◽  
Michael Galyean ◽  
Jordan A Easom ◽  
Larry D Fritzler ◽  
David G Lust ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Method ◽  
Sampling Frequency ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Grab Sampling ◽  
Fresh Manure ◽  
Collection Period ◽  
Fecal Sampling ◽  
Plot Design

Abstract We evaluated the accuracy of acid insoluble ash (AIA) as a digestibility marker in feedlot cattle diets containing corn-milling byproducts and examined the effect of fecal sampling frequency on digestibility estimates. Steers (n = 6) were used in a crossover split-plot design where 3 steers per period were assigned to 1 of 2 diets [receiving (REC) containing 19% roughage and 38% Sweet Bran™ or finishing (FIN) containing 8% roughage and 20% Sweet Bran] typical of those used in the beef feedlot industry. Steers were limit fed at 2.0% of initial body weight. After a 21-d adaptation period, steers were housed in metabolism crates for 7 d of total collection (TC) of feed and feces and simultaneous collection of fresh manure grab samples twice daily to calculate nutrient digestibility from AIA. Grab samples were then averaged to represent 7 (7dAIA), 5 (5dAIA), 3 (3dAIA) and 1 (1dAIA) days of the collection period. No interactions (P ≥ 0.13) were observed for DM, OM or NDF digestibility between diet and method of estimating digestibility. Digestibility of DM and OM were greater (P < 0.01) for FIN than for REC, and NDF digestibility was less (P < 0.01) for FIN than REC. Both DM and OM digestibility were greater (P < 0.01) for AIA estimates than for TC; however, estimates with 7dAIA were less than 3dAIA and 1dAIA, but not different from 5dAIA. Similarly, NDF digestibility was greater (P < 0.01) for all AIA estimates than for TC, but 7dAIA and 5dAIA were less than 1dAIA and not different from 3dAIA. A treatment × method interaction (P = 0.02) occurred for ADF digestibility. These data suggest that AIA over-estimated digestibility of beef feedlot diets containing corn-milling byproducts, but accuracy improved with greater grab sampling frequency.

scholarly journals Titanium dioxide (TiO2) as a marker to estimate fecal output in sheep

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mylena Taborda Piquera Peres ◽  
Rafael Batista ◽  
Tehane de Souza Twardowski ◽  
Henrique Mendonça Nunes Ribeiro Filho ◽  
Alda Lúcia Gomes Monteiro
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Recovery Rate ◽  
Fecal Excretion ◽  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Sheep Grazing ◽  
Fecal Output ◽  
Fecal Recovery ◽  
Forage Intake ◽  
Grazing Sheep

ABSTRACT: Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is an external marker used to estimate fecal output based on forage intake of grazing ruminants; however, its use as marker for grazing sheep still needs attention. In the present study the TiO2 role to estimate fecal output of sheep grazing annual ryegrass was tested. Two essays were conducted in sequence using the same forage and animals. Six lacaune lambs were housed in metabolic cages. Lambs were administered 1 g TiO2 in a single (at 8:30 am, essay 1), or in two daily doses (at 8:30 am and 4:30 pm, essay 2). In both essays the TiO2 administration was followed by a 7-day period to stabilize the fecal excretion of the marker and then by a 5-day period for total collection of feces. Observed and TiO2-based estimated fecal outputs were compared, with or without correction for TiO2 fecal recovery rate (kTiO2). The kTiO2 was around 1.0 and the estimated fecal outputs were similar to the observed ones (p>0.05), regardless the number of daily doses. These results suggested that TiO2, administered in single or two daily doses, can be used as an external marker in grazing sheep.

scholarly journals Technical note: using an automated head chamber system to administer an external marker to estimate fecal output by grazing beef cattle

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew R Beck ◽  
Stacey A Gunter ◽  
Corey A Moffet ◽  
R Ryan Reuter
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Technical Note ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Chamber System ◽  
Output Variability ◽  
Fecal Output ◽  
Bartlett’S Test ◽  
Acceptable Method ◽  
Rapid City

Abstract The objective of this experiment was to determine if titanium dioxide (TiO2) dosed through an automated head chamber system (GreenFeed; C-Lock Inc., Rapid City, SD USA) is an acceptable method to measure fecal output. The GreenFeed used on this experiment had a 2hopper bait dispensing system where hopper 1 contained alfalfa pellets marked with 1% titanium dioxide (TiO2) and hopper 2 contained unmarked alfalfa pellets. Eleven heifers (BW = 394 ± 18.7 kg) grazing a common pasture were stratified by BW and then randomized to either 1) dosed with TiO2-marked pellets by hand feeding (HFD; n = 6) or 2) dosed with TiO2-marked pellets by the GreenFeed (GFFD; n = 5) for 19 d. During the morning (0800), all heifers were offered a pelleted, high-CP supplement at 0.25% of BW in individual feeding stanchions. The HFD heifers also received 32 g of TiO2-marked pellets at morning feeding, whereas the GFFD heifers received 32 g of unmarked pellets. The GFFD heifers received a single aliquot (32 ± 1.6 g; mean ± SD) of marked pellets at their first visit to the GreenFeed each day with all subsequent 32-g aliquots providing unmarked pellets; HFD heifers received only unmarked pellets. Starting on d 15, fecal samples were collected via rectal grab at feeding and every 12 h for 5 d. A two-one sided t-test method was used to determine agreement and it was determined that the fecal output estimates by HFD and GFFD methods were similar (P = 0.04). There was a difference (P < 0.01; Bartlett’s test for homogenous variances) in variability between the dosing methods for HFD and GFFD (SD = 0.1 and 0.7, respectively). This difference in fecal output variability may have been due to variability of dosing times-of-day for the GFFD heifers (0615 ± 6.2 h) relative to the constant dosing time-of-day for HFD and constant 0800 and 2000 sampling times-of-day for all animals. This research has highlighted the potential for dosing cattle with an external marker through a GreenFeed configured with two (or more) feed hoppers because estimated fecal output means were similar; however, consideration of the increased variability of the fecal output estimates is needed for future experimental designs.

scholarly journals Chromic Oxide as an Indicator of Total Fecal Output in White-Tailed Deer

1977 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard F. Ruggiero ◽  
James B. Whelan
Keyword(s):  
Chromic Oxide ◽  
Fecal Output
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