scholarly journals Thigmomorphogenic responses of epiphytic bromeliads to mechanically induced stress

Plant Ecology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Y. L. Tay ◽  
Gerhard Zotz ◽  
Helena J. R. Einzmann
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Stress ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Functional Ecology ◽  
Stress Effect ◽  
Vascular Epiphytes ◽  
Induced Stress ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Epiphytic Bromeliads

AbstractVascular epiphytes represent almost 10% of all terrestrial plant diversity. Despite the extensive research on the functional ecology and challenges of epiphytic growth, there is still very little known on how exposure to mechanically induced stress affects the growth and development of epiphytes. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of such mechanical stress on the growth and biomass allocation of epiphytic bromeliads. Juvenile plants of two species were subjected to two types of mechanical stress in the greenhouse—permanent displacement and temporary, recurring mechanical flexing. ANOVAs were used to test possible treatment effects on growth, root–shoot ratio, root diameter, and root area distribution ratio. Contrary to previous studies on herbaceous plants, these bromeliads showed little to no change in root and shoot properties in either species. The root–shoot ratio increased in disturbed Guzmania lingulata plants, but not in Vriesea sp. Treatment effects on growth were inconsistent: a stress effect on growth was significant only in the first 2 months of the experiment in G. lingulata, whilst none of the stress treatments negatively affected growth in Vriesea sp. All disturbed plants showed some degree of curvature on their stems and leaves against the area of stress to obtain an upright position. This was probably related to the maintenance of a functional tank. This study provides quantitative and qualitative data to understand thigmomorphogenic responses of bromeliads to mechanical stress. Future studies could include field surveys to quantify on-site mechanical stresses and the corresponding morphological changes in vascular epiphytes.

scholarly journals Thigmomorphogenic Responses of Epiphytic Bromeliads to Mechanical Perturbation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Y. L Tay ◽  
Gerhard Zotz ◽  
Helena J. R. Einzmann
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Stress ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Root Diameter ◽  
Stress Effect ◽  
Permanent Displacement ◽  
Vascular Epiphytes ◽  
Root Area ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio

Abstract Vascular epiphytes represent almost 10% of all terrestrial plant diversity. Despite their growing sites exposed to frequent extensive storms, nothing is known about how external mechanical perturbations by wind affects epiphytes’ growth and development. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of such mechanical stress on the growth rate and morphology of epiphytes. Juvenile plants of two species of bromeliads, grown in the greenhouse, were subjected to varying degrees of mechanical stress – Permanent displacement, tilting and mechanical flexing. ANOVAs were used to test possible treatment effects on growth, root-shoot ratio, root diameter, and leeward-windward root area ratio. Contrary to previous studies on herbaceous plants, these bromeliads showed little to no change in root and shoot properties in either species. Although the root-shoot ratio increased in disturbed Guzmania lingulata plants (Tukey HSD, p < 0.001), it was not observed in Vriesea sp. Treatment effects on growth were inconsistent: stress effect on growth was significant only in the first three months of the experiment (padj < 0.05) in G. lingulata, while none of the stress treatments resulted in negative growth in Vriesea sp. All disturbed plants showed some degree of curvature on their stems and leaves against the area of stress to obtain an upright position. This was probably related to the maintenance of a functional tank. This study provided quantitative and qualitative data to understand thigmomorphogenic responses of bromeliads to mechanical stress. Future studies could include field surveys to quantify on-site wind stress and the corresponding morphological changes in vascular epiphytes.

Effects of Single-seed Sowing on Root Growth, Root-shoot Ratio, and Yield inPeanut (Arachis hypogacaL.)

2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 2228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye FENG ◽  
Feng GUO ◽  
Bao-Long LI ◽  
Jing-Jing MENG ◽  
Xin-Guo LI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Single Seed ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Seed Sowing

Root-shoot ratio in irrigated plants

1965 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslav Penka
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio

Warming effects on biomass allocation are jointly regulated by precipitation and mycorrhizal association in terrestrial plants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuhui Zhou ◽  
Lingyan Zhou ◽  
Yanghui He ◽  
Yuling Fu ◽  
Zhenggang Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Allocation ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Mean Annual Precipitation ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Terrestrial Plants ◽  
Terrestrial Carbon ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Mycorrhizal Association

Abstract Biomass allocation in plants is fundamental for understanding and predicting terrestrial carbon storage. Recent studies suggest that climate warming can differentially affect root and shoot biomass, and subsequently alter root: shoot ratio. However, warming effects on root: shoot ratio and their underlying drivers at a global scale remain unclear. Using a global synthesis of >300 studies, we here show that warming significantly increases biomass allocation to roots (by 13.1%), and two factors drive this response: mean annual precipitation of the site, and the type of mycorrhizal fungi associated with a plant. Warming-induced allocation to roots is greater in relatively drier habitats compared to shoots (by 15.1%), but lower in wetter sites (by 4.9%), especially for plants associated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi compared to ectomycorrhizal fungi. Root-biomass responses to warming predominantly determine the biomass allocation in terrestrial plants suggesting that warming can reinforce the importance of belowground resource uptake. Our study highlights that the wetness or dryness of a site and plants’ mycorrhizal associations strongly regulate terrestrial carbon cycle by altering biomass allocation strategies in a warmer world.

scholarly journals Initial development and gas exchange of Talisia subalbens (Mart.) Radlk. under different shading conditions

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Carlota Nery ◽  
Hilton Morbeck de Oliveira ◽  
Amauri Alves de Alvarenga ◽  
Sara Dousseau ◽  
Evaristo Mauro de Castro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Basal Diameter ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Levels

Ecophysiological studies under semi-controlled conditions in nurseries and greenhouses are essential to enable the use of native species to recover degraded areas and for commercial planting. Talisia subalbens (Mart) Radlk, 'cascudo', is a native fruiting species of the Cerrado on the verge of extinction. The ecophysiological performance of this species was evaluated in nursery conditions under different levels of shading (full sunshine, 30%, 50% and 70%). Initial growth, biomass allocation, gas exchange and chlorophyll content of the plants were analyzed. Full sunshine cultivated plants showed a higher accumulation of total, shoot, and root dry biomass. There was no significant difference in the root/shoot ratio among the treatments. Seedlings cultivated under full sunshine and 30% shading showed higher values for height, basal diameter, and leaf area. Differences in stomata conductance and photosynthesis rate were not observed among the different shading levels. Plants cultivated under 70% of shading had higher contents of chlorophyll a, b, and total. During the initial phase with higher levels of radiation were fundamental for the development of T. subalbens seedlings.

scholarly journals Anatomy and physiology of Cattail as related to different population densities

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.F. CORRÊA ◽  
R.H. MADAIL ◽  
S. BARBOSA ◽  
M.P. PEREIRA ◽  
E.M. CASTRO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
High Density ◽  
Root Anatomy ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Typha Angustifolia ◽  
Anatomy And Physiology ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Apoplastic Barriers ◽  
Density Population

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of the population density of Typha angustifolia plants in the anatomical and physiological characteristics. Plants were collected from populations of high density (over 50% of colonization capacity) and low density (less than 50% of colonization capacity) and cultivated under controlled greenhouse conditions. Plants from both populations were grown in plastic trays containing 4 L of nutritive solution for 60 days. At the end of this period, the relative growth rate, leaf area ratio, net assimilatory rate, root/shoot ratio, leaf anatomy, root anatomy, and catalase and ascorbate peroxidase activities were evaluated. Plants from high density populations showed increased growth rate and root/shoot ratio. Low density populations showed higher values of stomatal index and density in leaves, as well as increased palisade parenchyma thickness. Root epidermis and exodermis thickness as well as the aerenchyma proportion of high density populations were reduced, these plants also showed increased vascular cylinder proportion. Only catalase activity was modified between the high and low density populations, showing increased values in low density populations. Therefore, different Typha angustifolia plants show differences in its anatomy and physiology related to its origins on high and low density conditions. High density population plants shows increased growth capacity related to lower apoplastic barriers in root and this may be related to increased nutrient uptake capacity.

scholarly journals Phytomass and quality of yellow passion fruit seedlings under salt stress and silicon fertilization

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. e3400
Author(s):  
Genilson Lima Diniz ◽  
Reginaldo Gomes Nobre ◽  
Geovani Soares de Lima ◽  
Leandro de Pádua Souza ◽  
Lauriane Almeida dos Anjos Soares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Passion Fruit ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Silicon Fertilization ◽  
Plant Nursery

The semiarid region of Northeastern Brazil is characterized by long drought periods, and the use of saline waters appears as an alternative for the expansion of irrigated areas. Associated with the use of these waters, silicon fertilization constitutes an important attenuator of salt stress. In this perspective, this study aimed to evaluate the phytomass production and quality of the passion fruit cultivar ‘Gigante Amarelo’ grown with saline water and silicon fertilization. The experiment was conducted in a plant nursery belonging to the Center of Agrifood Science and Technology, in the municipality of Pombal-PB. A completely randomized block design in a 5 x 5 factorial scheme was used, referring to five levels of electrical conductivity of the irrigation water (0.3, 1.0, 1.7, 2.4, and 3.1 dS m-1) and five doses of silicon fertilization (0; 25; 50; 75, and 100 g of potassium silicate/plant), with four replications and two plants per plot. The phytomass accumulation (leaves, stem, and roots), as well as the total dry phytomass, shoot dry phytomass, root/shoot ratio, and the quality index of Dickson were evaluated. The data obtained were subjected to the F-test at 0.01 and 0.05 level of probability. The electrical conductivity of water from 0.3 dS m-1 caused the decrease of phytomass production in seedlings of the passion fruit cultivar ‘Gigante Amarelo’, although it is possible to produce good quality passion fruit seedlings with water salinity up to 3.1 dS m-1. The doses of silicon fertilization mitigated the effect of salt stress on the root/shoot ratio of plants of the passion fruit cultivar ‘Gigante Amarelo’.

scholarly journals Allelopathic Effect of Some Associated Weeds of Wheat on Germinability and Biomass Production of Wheat Seedlings

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. ZOHAIB ◽  
T. TABASSUM ◽  
S.A. ANJUM ◽  
T. ABBAS ◽  
U. NAZIR
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Water Extracts ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Dry Biomass

ABSTRACT: Weeds associated with crops may impose their phytotoxic effects on crop plants through the release of their allelochemicals and hence seriously reduce crop productivity. The present study was conducted to investigate the allelopathic effect of water soluble phenolics of weeds associated with wheat crop (Vicia sativa, Trigonella polycerata, Lathyrus aphaca, Medicago polymorpha, Melilotus indica) on germinability and biomass production of wheat seedlings by using their water extracts at 2.5% (w/v) and 5% (w/v) concentrations and residues of the same weeds with 0, 15 and 30 d decomposition periods at 2% (w/w) concentration. The results showed that the water extracts of M. indica and V. sativa at 5% concentration imposed the most inhibitory effect on energy of germination (81%) and prolonged time to 50% germination (226%), respectively; by contrast, T. polycerata and M. indica extracts at the same concentration inhibited shoot (8%) and root fresh biomass (64%). However, shoot dry biomass was exalted by the weed extracts at both concentrations with maximum increase (29%) caused by the M.indica extract at 2.5% concentration; however, root dry biomass (46%) and root/shoot ratio (51%) were decreased by M. polymorpha and M. indica extracts at 5% concentration, respectively. Residues of L. aphaca and M. polymorpha with a 30 d decomposition period proved the most toxic regarding energy of emergence (85%) and time to 50% emergence (138%), respectively; while, shoot fresh (41%) and dry biomass (26%) production were hindered mostly by M. indica and M. polymorpha residues with a 30 d decomposition period. There was the highest decrease in root fresh (64%) and dry biomass (64%), and root/shoot ratio (64%) when treatment was performed with V. sativa residues without decomposition. The results show that leachates and residues of weeds inhibit wheat germinability and biomass production through release of allelochemicals, and they are a threat to profitable crop production.

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