scholarly journals Prevalence and Quantitative Analysis of Antibiotic Resistance Genes (ARGs) in Surface and Groundwater in Meandering Part of the Kelani River Basin in Sri Lanka

2021 ◽  
Vol 232 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Y. Liyanage ◽  
A. Illango ◽  
Pathmalal M. Manage
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Kelani River ◽  
Surface And Groundwater

Comparative Prevalence and Provenance of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria and Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Tropical Rivers of Sri Lanka and India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manish Kumar ◽  
Tushara Chaminda ◽  
Sulfikar Hanafi ◽  
Arbind Patel ◽  
Payal Mazumder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Brahmaputra River ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Kelani River

<p><strong>Abstract: </strong></p><p>Prevalence and provenance of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB), antibiotic resistance genes (ARG) and metal concentrations were compared in river Kelani of Sri Lanka and Sabarmati and Brahmaputra of India. The prevalence of E. coli was 10-27, 267-76,600 and <50 CFU ml<sup>-1</sup> in aforementioned rivers, respectively. Isolated E. coli colonies were subjected to resistance test with norfloxacin (NFX), ciprofloxacin (CIP), levofloxacin (LVX), kanamycin monosulphate (KM), tetracycline (TC), and sulfamethoxazole (ST). The isolates were predominantly multi-antibiotic resistant, with greater resistance to TC and ST. Brahmaputra River showed greater resistance to all tested antibiotics. Sabarmati River showed higher resistance to TC and ST than Kelani. Genes conferring resistance to tetracyclines, sulphonamides, b-lactams and fluoroquinolones were common. ARG, gyrA, tetW, sul1 and ampC were detected in Kelani River, additionally, aac-(6’)-1b-cr, and blaTEM were detected in Brahmaputra River. In both countries, less polluted segments exhibited more copies of ARG. Faecal contamination was decoupled from percentage antibiotic resistance and metal contamination, suggesting to separate of hospital waste from domestic waste with specific guidelines.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: Antibiotic Resistance; Brahmaputra; E. coli; Kelani River; Sabarmati, Gene</p>

scholarly journals Occurrence and Distribution Characteristics of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Sediments Between Urban and Rural of the Liaohe River Basin, China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangshui Na ◽  
Keyu Zhang ◽  
Hui Gao ◽  
Ruijing Li ◽  
Shuaichen Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
River Sediments ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Liaohe River ◽  
Liaohe River Basin

Abstract Antibiotic Resistance Genes (ARGs) are considered to be emerging pollutants related to human activities. The rapid development of global urbanization has expanded human activities, thereby exacerbating the global human health risks caused by antibiotic resistance genes. The effects of urban and rural environments are multifarious, which makes the source and distribution of ARGs in the environment diversification. Understanding the distribution and spread of ARGs is essential for studying the environmental behavior of ARGs. In this study, the occurrence 296 genes were detected by the high-throughput qPCR technology, and FC value was used to analyze the diversity of ARGs and Mobile Genetic Elements (MGEs) in sediments between urban and rural areas of the Liaohe River Basin, China. The co-occurrence of MGEs and ARGs was analyzed using network to decipher core genes. A total of 187 ARGs and 10 MGEs were detected in all sediment samples. The average number of genes detected in urban sites is 89 higher than that in rural sites. The high abundance and various types of ARGs and MGEs detected in urban river sediments indicates that the occurrence of urban ARGs is more complex. MGEs were detected high levels and were significantly correlated with the abundance and diversity of ARGs in river sediments providing evidence that MGEs were related to the occurrence and distribution of ARGs and tnpA(tnpA-07, tnpA-01 and tnpA-03) gene were at the key position of co-occurrence of various types of ARGs.

scholarly journals Distribution and Influence on the Microbial Ecological Relationship of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Soil at a Watershed Scale

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 9748
Author(s):  
Yi-Long Hao ◽  
Gang Li ◽  
Zu-Fei Xiao ◽  
Ning Liu ◽  
Muhammad Azeem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Toxic Metals ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Watershed Scale ◽  
Macro Scale ◽  
Ecological Relationship

Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are ubiquitous in the environment, with previous studies mainly focusing on the terrestrial ecosystem, which is prone to higher antibiotic application. However, the characteristics, distribution pattern, and driving factors of soil ARGs at the macro scale are still unclear. In this study, the soil ARGs, antibiotics, mobile genetic elements (MGEs), soil properties, toxic metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and bacterial community in the Taipu River Basin were analyzed to investigate the distribution and dissemination of ARGs at a watershed scale. The results revealed that ARGs were widespread in the soils along the Taipu River, and that ARG profiles varied greatly with different types of land use, but showed regional similarities. The characteristics were mainly determined by antibiotic input and the ARG transmission mediated by MGEs. The order of the contribution of environmental factors to ARG distribution was toxic metals > PAHs > soil properties. Toxic metal pollution was coupled with ARGs through MGE mediation, while PAHs and soil properties were most likely to affect the ARG distribution by shifting the bacterial community. The microbial–ecological relationship changed significantly with the enrichment of ARGs, and its impact may extend to the watershed scale. Transposon IS1247 can be used as an indicator of the ARGs impact on the microbial ecological relationship in the soils of the Taipu River Basin.

scholarly journals Occurrence of antibiotic resistance genes in reclaimed water and river water in the Werribee Basin, Australia

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 521-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiona Barker-Reid ◽  
Ellen M. Fox ◽  
Robert Faggian
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
River Water ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Reclaimed Water ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Quality Parameters

The purpose of this study was to investigate the occurrence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in water used for irrigation in the Werribee River Basin, Australia, including river water and reclaimed effluent water (reclaimed water). Samples of reclaimed water, collected over a one-year period, were screened for the occurrence of ARGs using PCR detection assays. The presence of ARGs in the reclaimed water samples were contrasted with that of water samples taken from the Werribee River Basin, collected over the same time period, from five points selected for varying levels of urban and agricultural impact. Of the 54 river water samples collected, 2 (4%), 2 (4%), 0 and 0 were positive for methicillin, sulfonamide, gentamicin and vancomycin-resistant genes, respectively, while 6 of 11 reclaimed water samples were positive for methicillin (9%) and sulfonamide (45%). The presence/absence of ARGs did not appear to correlate with other measured water quality parameters. The low detection of ARGs in river water indicates that, regardless of its poor quality, the river has not yet been severely contaminated with ARGs. The greater prevalence of ARGs in reclaimed water indicates that this important agricultural water source will need to be monitored into the future.

Quintuplex PCR to Detect Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Streptococcus pneumoniae

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Navindra Kumari Palanisamy ◽  
Parasakthi Navaratnam ◽  
Shamala Devi Sekaran
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Penicillin Resistance ◽  
Penicillin Binding Proteins ◽  
Efflux Mechanism ◽  
Mic Value

Introduction: Streptococcus pneumoniae is an important bacterial pathogen, causing respiratory infection. Penicillin resistance in S. pneumoniae is associated with alterations in the penicillin binding proteins, while resistance to macrolides is conferred either by the modification of the ribosomal target site or efflux mechanism. This study aimed to characterize S. pneumoniae and its antibiotic resistance genes using 2 sets of multiplex PCRs. Methods: A quintuplex and triplex PCR was used to characterize the pbp1A, ermB, gyrA, ply, and the mefE genes. Fifty-eight penicillin sensitive strains (PSSP), 36 penicillin intermediate strains (PISP) and 26 penicillin resistance strains (PRSP) were used. Results: Alteration in pbp1A was only observed in PISP and PRSP strains, while PCR amplification of the ermB or mefE was observed only in strains with reduced susceptibility to erythromycin. The assay was found to be sensitive as simulated blood cultures showed the lowest level of detection to be 10cfu. Conclusions: As predicted, the assay was able to differentiate penicillin susceptible from the non-susceptible strains based on the detection of the pbp1A gene, which correlated with the MIC value of the strains.

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