Sex differences in sleep and psychological disturbances among patients admitted for cardiovascular diseases

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuichi Jono ◽  
Takashi Kohno ◽  
Shun Kohsaka ◽  
Hiroki Kitakata ◽  
Yasuyuki Shiraishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Psychological Disturbances

scholarly journals Toll-Like Receptors Represent an Important Link for Sex Differences in Cardiovascular Aging and Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cinthya Echem ◽  
Eliana H. Akamine
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Toll Like Receptors ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Aging

Human life span expectancy has increased, and aging affects the organism in several ways, leading, for example, to an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. Age-adjusted prevalence of the cardiovascular diseases is higher in males than females. Aging also affects the gonadal sex hormones and the sex differences observed in cardiovascular diseases may be therefore impacted. Hormonal changes associated with aging may also affect the immune system and the immune response is sexually different. The immune system plays a role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. In this context, toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of pattern recognition receptors of the immune system whose activation induces the synthesis of pro-inflammatory molecules. They are expressed throughout the cardiovascular system and their activation has been widely described in cardiovascular diseases. Some recent evidence demonstrates that there are sex differences associated with TLR responses and that these receptors may be affected by sex hormones and their receptors, suggesting that TLRs may contribute to the sex differences observed in cardiovascular diseases. Recent evidence also shows that sex differences of TLRs in cardiovascular system persists with aging, which may represent a new paradigm about the mechanisms that contribute to the sex differences in cardiovascular aging. Therefore, in this mini review we describe the latest findings regarding the sex differences of TLRs and associated signaling in cardiovascular diseases during aging.

scholarly journals Psychological disturbances and their association with sleep disturbances in patients admitted for cardiovascular diseases

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0244484
Author(s):  
Risa Matsuda ◽  
Takashi Kohno ◽  
Shun Kohsaka ◽  
Yasuyuki Shiraishi ◽  
Yoshinori Katsumata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Poor Sleep Quality ◽  
Psychological Disturbances

Background Depression and anxiety are common mental health problems that are strongly associated with sleep disturbances, according to community-based researches. However, this association has not been investigated among patients admitted for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). We examined the prevalence of depression and anxiety in inpatients with various CVDs and their association with sleep disturbances. Materials and methods This cross-sectional study included 1294 patients hospitalized for CVDs in a Japanese university hospital were evaluated for their mental status using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), for sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) using pulse oximetry, and for sleep quality using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Results Patient characteristics were as below: mean age, 63.9±14.7 years; 25.7% female. Overall, 18.9% had depression (HADS-depression≥8) and 17.1% had anxiety (HADS-anxiety≥8). The presence of depression was associated with female sex, older age, higher plasma brain natriuretic peptide level, lower estimated glomerular filtration rate, and the prevalence of heart failure. Overall, 46.5% patients were categorized as having a poor sleep quality (PSQI>5), and 28.5% patients had SDB (3% oxygen desaturation index>15). Although depression and anxiety were not associated with SDB, they were independently associated with poor sleep quality (OR = 3.09, 95% CI 2.19–4.36; OR = 3.93, 95% CI 2.71–5.69, respectively). Conclusions Depression and anxiety were not uncommon in patients with CVDs. Poor sleep quality could be an important risk factor linked to psychological disturbances.

Abstract 079: Estrogen Receptor beta Regulation Of miRNA Expression In The Heart - A Hint For Sex Differences In Hypertrophy

2013 ◽  
Vol 113 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Queirós ◽  
Claudia Eschen ◽  
Daniela Fliegner ◽  
Vera Regitz-Zagrosek ◽  
Hugo Sanchez Ruderisch
Keyword(s):  
Estrogen Receptor ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Mirna Expression ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Mirna Regulation ◽  
Down Regulation ◽  
Knock Out ◽  
Specific Regulation

Sex differences (SD) in cardiovascular diseases are described and have been attributed to the effects of sex hormones, such as estrogen (E2). Our previous studies in a mouse model of pressure overload revealed SD in fibrosis and apoptosis related genes that were abolished in estrogen receptor β deficient (ERβ-/-) mice. Other studies focus on miRNA regulation by E2, but little is known about sex-specific regulation of miRNAs in heart diseases. We hypothesize that E2 and ERβ are regulators of miRNA expression in the heart potentially contributing to the molecular mechanism of SD observed in cardiovascular diseases. This project aims to identify SD in the expression of miRNAs in a 9-week transverse aortic constriction (TAC) model and the possible role of E2 and ERβ in their regulation in the heart. A Targetscan analysis of 80 sex-specific dysregulated genes in hypertrophy allowed identifying 157 different miRNAs that could target them. Based on their expression in the heart we selected 60 miRNAs for quantification by qRT-PCR. In WT mice, 23 miRNAs showed SD in their expression in hypertrophy, all of them showing a higher expression in males than in females. All these significant SD were abolished in ERβ-/- mice. A direct comparison of some of these miRNAs in WT and ERβ-/- female animals identified nine miRNAs significantly higher expressed in the knock-out animals (let-7e, miR-106b, miR-130a, miR-133a, miR-20a, miR-24, miR-27b, miR-29a and miR-378). In vitro studies performed using a female cardiomyocyte cell line (AC16) showed a down-regulation of eight of these miRNAs after a 48h treatment with E2, being the exception miR-133a. The latter showed however a down-regulation after 48h treatment with an ERβ specific agonist, as well as let-7e, miR-106b, miR-130a, miR-20a, miR-24, miR-27b and miR-29a. The effect of treatment with ERα was only visible as a down-regulation of miR-24, miR-29a and miR-378. The potential of these miRNAs having targets in the same pathway and acting in a synergistic way is still under investigation. ERβ is for the first time identified as a major regulator of miRNA expression in the heart. It may play an important role in determining SD in cardiac hypertrophy, being responsible for the inhibition of miRNA expression in the female heart.

scholarly journals Sex differences in hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 768-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Delles ◽  
Gemma Currie
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases

Sex differences in hypertension-related renal and cardiovascular diseases in Italy

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 2378-2386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Lorenza Muiesan ◽  
Ettore Ambrosioni ◽  
Francesco Vittorio Costa ◽  
Gastone Leonetti ◽  
Achille Cesare Pessina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases

scholarly journals Sex Hormones and Sex Chromosomes Cause Sex Differences in the Development of Cardiovascular Diseases

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 746-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur P. Arnold ◽  
Lisa A. Cassis ◽  
Mansoureh Eghbali ◽  
Karen Reue ◽  
Kathryn Sandberg
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Gonadal Hormones ◽  
Protective Mechanisms ◽  
Harmful Effects ◽  
Specific Control

This review summarizes recent evidence concerning hormonal and sex chromosome effects in obesity, atherosclerosis, aneurysms, ischemia/reperfusion injury, and hypertension. Cardiovascular diseases occur and progress differently in the 2 sexes, because biological factors differing between the sexes have sex-specific protective and harmful effects. By comparing the 2 sexes directly, and breaking down sex into its component parts, one can discover sex-biasing protective mechanisms that might be targeted in the clinic. Gonadal hormones, especially estrogens and androgens, have long been found to account for some sex differences in cardiovascular diseases, and molecular mechanisms mediating these effects have recently been elucidated. More recently, the inherent sexual inequalities in effects of sex chromosome genes have also been implicated as contributors in animal models of cardiovascular diseases, especially a deleterious effect of the second X chromosome found in females but not in males. Hormonal and sex chromosome mechanisms interact in the sex-specific control of certain diseases, sometimes by opposing the action of the other.

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