Occurrence and distribution of taste and odor compounds in subtropical water supply reservoirs and their fates in water treatment plants

Safe source of drinking water is always considered as an essential factor in water supply for cities and urban areas. As a part of this issue, drinking water quality is monitored via a useful scheme: developing drinking water quality index DWQI. DWQI is preferably used as it summarizes the whole physicochemical and bacteriological properties of a drinking water sample into a single and simple term. In this study, an evaluation was made for three drinking water treatment plants DWTPs named: Efraz 1, Efraz 2 and Efraz 3 that supply drinking water to Erbil City. The assessment was made by testing thirteen physicochemical and two bacteriological parameters during a long period of (2003 – 2017). It has been found that turbidity, electrical conductivity EC, total alkalinity, total hardness, total coliform and fecal coliform have more influence on drinking water quality. DWQI results showed that the quality of drinking water supplied by the three DWTPs in Erbil City fallen within good level. Except various occasional periods where the quality was varying from good to fair. The quality of the drinking water supply never reached the level of marginal or poor over the time investigated. The applied hierarchical clustering analysis HCA classifies the drinking water dataset into three major clusters, reflecting diverse sources of the physicochemical and bacteriological parameter: natural, agriculture and urban discharges.

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Comparison of O3 + GAC, O3 + H2O2 + GAC, and GAC unit operation on natural organic matter and taste and odor causing compounds removal using a pilot plant study

Water Science & Technology Water Supply ◽

10.2166/ws.2015.102 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 15 (6) ◽

pp. 1383-1395 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Hanbai Park ◽

Tae-Yul Kim ◽

Dalsik Woo ◽

Yong-Sik Cho

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Natural Organic Matter ◽

Pilot Scale ◽

Haloacetic Acids ◽

Unit Operation ◽

Water Treatment Plants ◽

Sensitive Issue ◽

Taste And Odor ◽

Odor Removal ◽

Odor Compounds

Removal of natural organic matter (NOM) and taste and odor problems in drinking water are a sensitive issue in municipal water treatment plants. This study investigated the effectiveness of ozone (O3) + granular activated carbon (GAC), O3 + hydroperoxide (H2O2) + GAC, and GAC processes using a pilot scale plant to remove NOM and geosmin (50–1,000 ng/L), and 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB: 50–300 ng/L). In the O3 + GAC process, NOM-related parameters showed an average of 52% dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removal from 2 mg/L DOC influent, 99.3% haloacetic acids (HAAs) removal from 0.097 mg/L HAAs influent, and 100% removal from 0.05 mg/L bromide influent. Taste and odor removal rates were 94–100% for geosmin and 87–100% for 2-MIB. The O3 + H2O2 + GAC process removed an average of 55% DOC, 99.7% HAAs, 100% bromate, 94–100% geosmin, and 93–100% 2-MIB. The GAC process removed 46% DOC, 98.3% HAAs, 100% bromate, 83–100% geosmin, and 81–100% 2-MIB. Based on a comparison of the efficiencies and an economic analysis, the O3 + H2O2 + GAC process was determined to be the optimal system for removing NOM and taste and odor compounds.

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ANALYSIS OF TECHNOLOGICAL SOLUTIONS OF WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS OF SINGLE-INDUSTRY TOWNS OF THE REPUBLIC OF KARELIA

URBAN CONSTRUCTION AND ARCHITECTURE ◽

10.17673/vestnik.2018.04.6 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 29-36

Author(s):

Arkady N. KIM ◽

Elena O. GRAFOVA ◽

Yury P. EFTIFEEV

Keyword(s):

Water Treatment ◽

Water Supply ◽

Water Consumption ◽

Wash Water ◽

Water Supply Systems ◽

Water Treatment Plants ◽

Single Industry ◽

Reagent Treatment ◽

The Republic ◽

Supply Systems

On the example of single-industry towns of the Republic of Karelia the article shows the possibility of restoring the activities of enterprises depending on the state of engineering support of water supply systems. There was a decrease in water consumption, high wear of water treatment plants, the lack of reagent treatment of colored water and, as a result, ineffi cient operation of facilities. It is shown that the reconstruction is possible with the application of the investment program. Projects have been developed for the reconstruction of the technological scheme for purifying low-turbid, high-color water and creating a circulating system for cleaning the wash water of contact illuminators.

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IMPROVING CYANOBACTERIA AND CYANOTOXIN MONITORING IN SURFACE WATERS FOR DRINKING WATER SUPPLY

Journal of Water Security ◽

10.15544/jws.2017.005 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Jing Li ◽

Linda Parkefelt ◽

Kenneth M Persson ◽

Heidi Pekar

Keyword(s):

Water Management ◽

Drinking Water ◽

Water Treatment ◽

Water Supply ◽

Surface Waters ◽

Drinking Water Supply ◽

Cyanobacterial Blooms ◽

Management Tool ◽

Raw Water ◽

Water Treatment Plants

Cyanobacteria in fresh water can cause serious threats to drinking water supplies. Managing cyanobacterial blooms particularly at small drinking water treatment plants is challenging. Because large amount of cyanobacteria may cause clogging in the treatment process and various cyanotoxins are hard to remove, while they may cause severe health problems. There is lack of instructions of what cyanobacteria/toxin amount should trigger what kind of actions for drink-ing water management except for Microcystins. This demands a Cyanobacteria Management Tool (CMT) to help regula-tors/operators to improve cyanobacteria/cyanotoxin monitoring in surface waters for drinking water supply. This project proposes a CMT tool, including selecting proper indicators for quick cyanobacteria monitoring and verifying quick analysis methods for cyanobacteria and cyanotoxin. This tool is suggested for raw water management regarding cyano-bacteria monitoring in lakes, especially in boreal forest climate. In addition, it applies to regions that apply international WHO standards for water management. In Swedish context, drinking water producers which use raw water from lakes that experience cyanobacterial blooms, need to create a monitoring routine for cyanobacteria/cyanotoxin and to monitor beyond such as Anatoxins, Cylindrospermopsins and Saxitoxins. Using the proposed CMT tool will increase water safety at surface water treatment plants substantially by introducing three alerting points for actions. CMT design for each local condition should integrate adaptive monitoring program.

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Oxidation kinetics of algal-derived taste and odor compounds during water treatment with ferrate(VI)

Chemical Engineering Journal ◽

10.1016/j.cej.2017.10.057 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 334 ◽

pp. 1065-1073 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Jaedon Shin ◽

Donghyeon Lee ◽

Tae-Mun Hwang ◽

Yunho Lee

Keyword(s):

Water Treatment ◽

Oxidation Kinetics ◽

Taste And Odor ◽

Odor Compounds ◽

Kinetics Of

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Heavy metals and arsenic in drinking water and health risk assessment of the region with the developed mining industry

Hygiene and Sanitation ◽

10.47470/0016-9900-2020-99-7-725-732 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 99 (7) ◽

pp. 725-732

Author(s):

Gayane H. Babayan ◽

Astghik G. Sakoyan

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Drinking Water ◽

Water Treatment ◽

Water Supply ◽

International Standards ◽

Pollution Level ◽

Water Supply Systems ◽

Water Abstraction ◽

Water Treatment Plants

Introduction. Drinking water intended for South Armenia’s towns and rural communities is abstracted from minor mountain rivers belonging to the basins of the Voghchi and Meghri, the water of which is treated at five water treatment plants. The river basins are home to the major copper molybdenum and gold ore mining centers of the republic.The purpose of this research was to study heavy metals Ag, Al, As, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sn, Sb, Se, Zn, Hg, Te in centralized drinking water supply systems and assess drinking water-caused health risks to the population.Material and methods. In 2016-2017 from 43 sampling sites a total of 53 basic water samples were taken, including 14- from surface water supply sources, 16 - from water treatment plants, 33- from water supply networks. Heavy metals were determined by the atomic absorption method. To assess the quality of water on water abstraction sites relevant ecological (regional) norms and national and international standards were used. The risk of development of noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic effects was assessed in the case of oral intake of and dermal exposure to tap water.Results. On water abstraction sites, background regional levels of surface waters exceeded the concentration of aluminum, iron, molybdenum, tin, antimony (by as 13.3-1.1 times). Water treatment efficiency at water treatment plants is estimated at 12% - 69% depending on different metals. Concentrations of heavy metals in drinking water do not exceed the norms. The risk of development of noncarcinogenic effects in the population at chronic exposure to drinking water is insignificant (HI<1), whereas a total carcinogenic risk exceeds a safety limit for arsenic (CR=9.59×10–5).Conclusion. The acceptable quality of drinking water supplied to consumers is not yet an index of sustainable and safe water supply in the studied region because of a water pollution level on intake sites, obsolete water treatment technologies, poor sanitation and technical condition of plants and water networks.

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The Nested Site Selection Model for Water Treatment Plants Based on the Optimization of Water Supply Radius

Abstract and Applied Analysis ◽

10.1155/2014/529062 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Yan Li ◽

Lianying Zhang

Keyword(s):

Water Treatment ◽

Water Supply ◽

Site Selection ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Water Treatment Plant ◽

Covering Radius ◽

Set Covering ◽

Pipe Network ◽

Water Treatment Plants ◽

Covering Model

This paper analyzes the site selection problems of water treatment plants by utilizing the set covering model. Fully consider the influence of the pipe network arrangement on the site selection when confirming the covering radius, analyze the best water supply radius of water treatment plants combining investment benefits and pipe network optimization theory, and take the best water supply radius as the covering radius. Make the pipe network optimization nest into the site selection problem meanwhile confirming the covering radius, which fully reflect the viewpoints of the integrated logistics arrangement system. Considering the multiple solutions of the set covering model, this paper introduces the model of which the cost’s present value is minimum to make the quadratic optimization and get the best site selection results of water treatment plant. At last, this paper verifies the model by combining with the cases of water supply project construction of a county; the results prove that the model is feasible and effective. This paper expects to provide some reference for the planning design of regionally centralized water supply projects concerning villages and small towns and the site selection and construction of water treatment plant.

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