scholarly journals Changes in qualitative and quantitative traits of birch (Betula pendula) pollen allergenic proteins in relation to the pollution contamination

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Ziemianin ◽  
Jacek Waga ◽  
Ewa Czarnobilska ◽  
Dorota Myszkowska
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Betula Pendula ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Birch Pollen ◽  
Immunological Response ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
Allergenic Potential ◽  
Allergenic Proteins ◽  
Inhalant Allergy ◽  
Bet V1

AbstractBirch (Betula pendula) pollen causes inhalant allergy in about 20% of human population in Europe, most of which is sensitive to the main birch allergen, Bet v1. The aim of the study was to find out (i) whether and how the analysed birch individuals differ in regard to composition of individual subunits of pollen proteins and to protein content in these subunits; (ii) whether the level of particulate matter relates to concentration of Bet v1 allergen. Study was performed in Southern Poland, in 2017–2019. Pollen material was collected at 20 sites, of highly or less polluted areas. Protein composition was analysed by SDS-PAGE, while the concentration of Bet v1 was evaluated by ELISA. The obtained results were estimated at the background of the particulate matter (PM10) level and the birch pollen seasons in Kraków. The electrophoregrams of pollen samples collected at different sites showed huge differences in staining intensities of individual protein subunits, also among important birch allergens: Bet v1, Bet v2, Bet v6 and Bet v7. The level of Bet v1 was significantly higher in the pollen samples collected at the more polluted sites. While the birch pollen allergenic potential is determined, the both pollen exposure and the content of the main allergenic components should be considered, as factors causing immunological response and clinical symptoms manifestation in sensitive individuals.

scholarly journals Relationship between Phenolic Compounds, Antioxidant Properties, and the Allergenic Protein Mal d 1 in Different Selenium-Biofortified Apple Cultivars (Malus domestica)

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 2647
Author(s):  
Sabrina Groth ◽  
Christoph Budke ◽  
Timo Weber ◽  
Susanne Neugart ◽  
Sven Brockmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Allergenic Protein ◽  
Antibody Recognition ◽  
Allergenic Potential ◽  
Allergenic Proteins ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
Mal D 1 ◽  
Apple Cultivars

Notable parts of the population in Europe suffer from allergies towards apples. To address this health problem, the analysis of the interactions of relevant allergens with other substances such as phenolic compounds is of particular importance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlations between the total phenolic content (TPC), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity, antioxidant activity (AOA), and the phenolic compound profile and the content of the allergenic protein Mal d 1 in six apple cultivars. It was found that the PPO activity and the content of individual phenolic compounds had an influence on the Mal d 1 content. With regard to the important constituents, flavan-3-ols and phenolic acids, it was found that apples with a higher content of chlorogenic acid and a low content of procyanidin trimers and/or epicatechin had a lower allergenic potential. This is probably based on the reaction of phenolic compounds (when oxidized by the endogenous PPO) with proteins, thus being able to change the conformation of the (allergenic) proteins, which further corresponds to a loss of antibody recognition. When apples were additionally biofortified with selenium, the composition of the apples, with regard to TPC, phenolic profile, AOA, and PPO, was significantly affected. Consequently, this innovative agronomic practice seems to be promising for reducing the allergenic potential of apples.

scholarly journals Molecular Allergy Diagnostics as an Adjunct to Conventional Diagnostics in a Secondary Pediatric Referral Center

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ole D. Wolthers
Keyword(s):  
Peanut Allergy ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Birch Pollen ◽  
Pollen Allergy ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Specific Diagnosis ◽  
Referral Center ◽  
Molecular Allergy ◽  
Ige Mediated

Background: Several compositions for determination of specific molecular components in allergens have recently been patented. The role of Molecular Allergy (MA) diagnostics in suspected IgE mediated allergic conditions is currently debated. Guideline reports have concluded that population- based studies involving evaluation of the usefulness of MA diagnostics are needed. Objective: To evaluate the usefulness of MA diagnostics in a secondary pediatric referral center. Methods: A total of 961 children and adolescents aged 0.2-18.8 (mean 7.0) years was included in a prospective observational survey. Inclusion criterion was a suspected diagnosis of an IgE mediated condition based on history and clinical symptoms and signs. If a specific diagnosis could not be reached from conventional investigations suspected peanut allergy, birch pollen allergy and associated crossreactivity, insect allergy and triggering allergens for specific immunotherapy were assessed by MA diagnostics. Results: Based on conventional work-up a diagnostic conclusion was established in 946 patients (98.4%). MA diagnostics were performed in 15 individuals (1.6%), 7 girls and 8 boys aged 3.2 to 17.8 (mean 10.6) years. In 8 cases a specific diagnosis was established based on MA diagnostics; in 7 cases MA diagnostics could not improve diagnosis. MA were most frequently (N = 7 (14%)) used in children with peanut allergy (N = 50). Conclusions: Most patients in a secondary pediatric referral center with suspected IgE mediated allergy can be managed by conventional diagnostic methods. MA diagnostics may be useful in small and selected subgroups as in patients with suspected peanut allergy, however, may not be helpful in all cases.

scholarly journals The Reactivity and Allergenic Potential of Hazelnut Peptides

2013 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Lavinia Florina Calinoiu ◽  
Dan Cristian Vodnar ◽  
Carmen Socaciu
Keyword(s):  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
Peptide Fragments ◽  
Dot Blot ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Allergenic Potential ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Allergenic Proteins ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Specific Proteins ◽  
Sensitive Method

The aim of this paper was to focus on proteins present in some food products, like hazelnuts and to investigate their allergenic potential. Several techniques were used to characterize these extracted proteins, with respect to their composition, degradability by digestive proteolytic enzymes and their reactivity with specific antibodies. It was important to analyse which proteins were present in the hazelnuts, to see if there were proteins present to trigger an allergic reaction and if the digestion enzymes trypsin and pepsin influence the presence of the (allergic) protein compounds. Allergies to tree nuts and seeds can cause life-threatening and sometimes fatal reactions. To examine the properties of Hazelnut protein it was important to solubilize it by extraction. After extraction, it was investigated how hazelnut protein can be modified by proteases and what the effect was on the immune reaction. The Bradford method is a fast and sensitive method to determine the concentration of soluble protein. When the Bradford reagent (Coomassie Brilliant Blue) binds to the protein, the colour changes from red to purple and the absorption maximum changes from 495 to 595 nm. The value obtained as the final concentration of proteins was 7.3495. SDS-PAGE is a method to separate mixtures of proteins by electrophoresis. Protein molecules are negatively charged by binding of SDS molecules; subsequently they are separated in an electric field. Their differences in size (molecular weight) leads to separation. In this case the method is used to follow proteolytic degradation of hazelnut proteins (allergens) by intestinal proteases (trypsin, pepsin). A different, more specific and sensitive method is immunoblotting (Western Blot) in which the SDS-PAGE separated proteins are transferred from the gel to a membrane and specific antibodies are used in a series of reactions to visualize specific allergens on this membrane. The remarked spots represented a positive identification of allergenic proteins. This means that peptide fragments of various size, produced during the digestion of a protein can still be immunological active. As it was shown there was still reactivity between proteins and specific antibodies. The Dot Blot is a simple immunoblotting technique used to detected specific proteins in a mixture of different proteins and/or other molecules. No separation technique prior to the actual immuno-detection is necessary. Also, Dot Blot confirmed the presence of allergenic proteins made visible through the light spots on the membrane.

scholarly journals Influence of Instant Controlled Pressure Drop (DIC) on Allergenic Potential of Tree Nuts

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 1742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatima Vicente ◽  
Africa Sanchiz ◽  
Rosa Rodríguez-Pérez ◽  
Maria Pedrosa ◽  
Santiago Quirce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Conformational Changes ◽  
Food Processing ◽  
Electrophoretic Pattern ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
Western Blots ◽  
Allergenic Potential ◽  
Allergenic Proteins ◽  
Instant Controlled Pressure Drop ◽  
Suitable Technique

Pistachio and cashew contain allergenic proteins, which causes them to be removed from the diet of allergic people. Previous studies have demonstrated that food processing (thermal and non-thermal) can produce structural and/or conformational changes in proteins by altering their allergenic capacity. In this study, the influence of instant controlled pressure drop (DIC) on pistachio and cashew allergenic capacity has been studied. Western blot was carried out using IgG anti-11S and anti-2S and IgE antibodies from sera of patients sensitized to pistachio and cashew. DIC processing causes changes in the electrophoretic pattern, reducing the number and intensity of protein bands, as the pressure and temperature treatment increment, which results in a remarkable decrease in detection of potentially allergenic proteins. The harshest conditions of DIC (7 bar, 120 s) markedly reduce the immunodetection of allergenic proteins, not only by using IgG (anti 11S and anti 2S) but also when IgE sera from sensitized patients were used for Western blots. Such immunodetection is more affected in pistachio than in cashew nuts, but is not completely removed. Therefore, cashew proteins are possibly more resistant than pistachio proteins. According these findings, instant controlled pressure drop (DIC) can be considered a suitable technique in order to obtain hypoallergenic tree nut flour to be used in the food industry.

scholarly journals Exposure to Traffic-Related Particulate Matter 2.5 Triggers Th2-Dominant Ocular Immune Response in a Murine Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 2965
Author(s):  
Hyun Soo Lee ◽  
Sehyun Han ◽  
Jeong-Won Seo ◽  
Ki-Joon Jeon
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Murine Model ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Immunological Response ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Th2 Cells ◽  
Fluorescein Staining ◽  
Serum Ige

Ambient particulate matter (PM), a major component of air pollution, aggravates ocular discomfort and inflammation, similarly to dry eye disease (DED) or allergies. However, the mechanism(s) by which PM induces the ocular inflammatory response is unknown. This study investigated the immunological response of traffic-related fine particulate matter (PM2.5) on the ocular surface in a murine model. C57BL/6 mice were exposed by topical application to PM2.5 or vehicle for 14 days to induce experimental environmental ocular disease. Corneal fluorescein staining and the number of ocular inflammatory cells were assessed in both groups. The expression of IL-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and mucin 5AC (MUC5AC) in the ocular surface were evaluated by real-time PCR. An immunohistochemical assay evaluated apoptosis and goblet cell density. ELISA was used to determine the levels of serum IgE and cytokines of Type 1 helper (Th1) and Type 2 helper (Th2) cells after in vitro stimulation of T cells in the draining lymph nodes (LNs). Exposure to traffic-related PM2.5 significantly increased corneal fluorescein staining and cellular toxicity in the corneal epithelium compared with the vehicle control. A significant increase in the number of CD11b+ cells on the central cornea and mast cells in the conjunctiva was observed in the PM2.5 group. Exposure to PM2.5 was associated with a significant increase in the corneal or conjunctival expression of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF, and MUC5AC compared to the vehicle, and increased maturation of dendric cells (DCs) (MHC-IIhighCD11c+) in draining LNs. In addition, PM2.5 exposure increased the level of serum IgE and Th2 cytokine production in draining LNs on day 14. In conclusion, exposure to traffic-related PM2.5 caused ocular surface damage and inflammation, which induced DC maturation and the Th2-cell-dominant allergic immune response in draining LNs.

Potential Differences between Local and Systemic Allergic Rhinitis Induced by Birch Pollen

2020 ◽  
Vol 181 (11) ◽  
pp. 831-838
Author(s):  
Andrzej Bozek ◽  
Jolanta Zalejska Fiolka ◽  
Anna Krajewska Wojtys ◽  
Beata Galuszka ◽  
Anna Cudak
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Birch Pollen ◽  
Provocation Test ◽  
Basophil Activation Test ◽  
Specific Ige ◽  
Immunological Parameters ◽  
Local Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Intermittent Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Bet V1

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Different endotypes of rhinitis are known, but its pathomechanism has not been conclusively established. For example, the precise difference between systemic allergic rhinitis (SAR) and local allergic rhinitis (LAR) is still being checked. Comparison of patients with LAR and with allergies to birch of those with intermittent allergic rhinitis, same allergy, or with non-allergic rhinitis (NAR) was the purpose of this study. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Twenty-six patients with LAR, 18 with SAR and allergy to birch, and 21 with NAR were included. Patients who met the inclusion criteria were selected to undergo the following procedures at baseline: medical examinations, nasal provocation test (NPT), detection of nasal-specific IgE to birch as well as basophil activation test (BAT). All immunological parameters were detected before and after NPT. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Concentration of nasal IgE to Bet v1 increased comparably in the LAR and SAR groups after NPT to birch as follows: in 21 (81%) patients with LAR, 14 (78%) with SAR, and in everyone in the NAR group. Serum concentration of allergen-specific IgE to Bet v1 increased significantly from a median of 20.7 (25–75% interval: 11.2–35.6) IU/mL to 29.9 (13.6–44.1) (<i>p</i> = 0.028) after NPT in patients with SAR. Allergen-specific IgE to Bet v1 was absent in all patients with LAR and NAR before and after NPT. BAT with Bet v1 was positive in 22 (85%) patients with LAR, in 14 (78%) with SAR, and 2 (9.5%) with NAR. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> These obtained data suggest there are no potential mechanisms that could explain LAR compared to SAR.

scholarly journals Influence of Instant Controlled Pressure Drop (DIC) on Allergenic Potential of Tree Nuts

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatima Vicente ◽  
Africa Sanchiz ◽  
Rosa Rodriguez ◽  
Maria Pedrosa ◽  
Santiago Quirce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Conformational Changes ◽  
Electrophoretic Pattern ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
Western Blots ◽  
Tree Nuts ◽  
Allergenic Potential ◽  
Allergenic Proteins ◽  
Instant Controlled Pressure Drop ◽  
Suitable Technique

Pistachio and cashew contain allergenic proteins, which causes them to be removed from the diet of allergic people. Former evidences have demonstrated that food processing (thermal and non-thermal) can produce structural and/or conformational changes in proteins by altering their allergenic capacity. In this study, the influence of Instant Controlled Pressure Drop (DIC) on the pistachio and cashew allergenic capacity has been studied. Western blot was carried out using IgG anti-11S and anti-2S and IgE antibodies from sera of patients sensitized to pistachio and cashew. DIC processing causes changes in the electrophoretic pattern, reducing the number and intensity of protein bands, as the pressure and temperature treatment increment what results in a remarkable decrease of detection of potentially allergenic proteins. The harshest conditions of DIC (7bar, 120s) markedly reduce the immunodetection of allergenic proteins, not only by using IgG (anti 11S and anti 2S) but also when IgE sera from sensitized patients were used for Western blots. Such immunodetection is more affected in pistachio than in cashew nuts, but it not completely removed. Therefore, cashew proteins are possibly more resistant than pistachio proteins. According these findings, Instant Controlled Pressure Drop (DIC) can be considered a suitable technique in order to obtain hypoallergenic tree nuts flour to be used in food industry.

The effect and mechanism of Modified Guo-Min Decoction and Yu-Ping-Feng Powder on fine particulate matter-induced lung inflammatory injury and airway mucus hypersecretion in rats

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Feng ◽  
Changle Zhu ◽  
Yufeng Meng ◽  
Fang Guo ◽  
Cuiling Feng
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Group Treatment ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Cell Hyperplasia ◽  
Mucus Hypersecretion ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Airway Mucus

Abstract Background Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) severely impairs public health. The mechanism of PM2.5-induced lung injury is complex and diverse. Modified Guo-Min Decoction (MGMD) and Yu-Ping-Feng Powder (YPFP) have been found to improve clinical symptoms in respiratory patients during smog weather, but the mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effect and mechanism of YPFP and MGMD against PM2.5-induced lung injury. Methods We established the PM2.5 animal model by intratracheal instilling of PM2.5 suspensions. Rats were administrated MGMD/YPFP/distilled water via gavage every day, and all rats were sacrificed after 28 days. At the end of experiment, BALF and lung tissues were collected. Condition of lung injury, inflammatory cells infiltration, inflammatory cytokines, MUC5AC synthesis and release, and phosphorylation of TLR2-MyD88-NFκB and EGFR-PI3K-AKT signalling pathway were evaluated. Results The results demonstrated that both MGMD and YPFP protected rats from PM2.5-induced damaged structure of lung tissues. The infiltration of neutrophil, monocyte, lymphocyte, and eosinophil was reduced after the treatment of two therapies. The production of pro-inflammatory mediators, MCP-1 and NE, as well as the type2 inflammation-related cytokines, IgE and IL-4, were decreased by MGMD and YPFP. However, the MGMD showed more potent effect on inhibiting IL-4, while YPFP benefited in preventing ICMA-1, IL-1β, and IL-17A. Rare significance was detected in the TLR2-MyD88-NFκB of each group. Treatment with MGMD and YPFP decreased goblet cell hyperplasia and the expressions of MUC5AC. The further investigation demonstrated that YPFP had the effect of simultaneously inhibiting the phosphorylation of PI3K and AKT, whereas MGMD only showed a significant difference in AKT. Conclusions Therefore, both MGMD and YPFP could significantly attenuate PM2.5-induced inflammation of lung and airway mucus hypersecretion. Nevertheless, YPFP had more advantage in preventing type1 inflammation and mucus hypersecretion, while MGMD was more beneficial in reducing type2 inflammation.

scholarly journals Evidence runs contrary to digestive stability predicting protein allergenicity

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-107
Author(s):  
Rod A. Herman ◽  
Jason M. Roper ◽  
John X. Q. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Food Allergens ◽  
Food Proteins ◽  
Novel Food ◽  
Allergenic Potential ◽  
Allergenic Proteins ◽  
Protein Allergenicity ◽  
Assay Design

AbstractA dogma has persisted for over two decades that food allergens are more stable to digestion compared with non-allergenic proteins. This belief has become enshrined in regulations designed to assess the allergenic risk of novel food proteins. While the empirical evidence accumulated over the last 20+ years has largely failed to confirm a correlation between digestive stability and the allergenic status of proteins, even those who accept this finding often assert that this shortfall is the result of faulty assay design rather than lack of causality. Here, we outline why digestive stability may not in fact correlate with allergenic potential.

Diagnostic relevance of the lymphocyte transformation test for sensitization to beryllium and other metals (IUPAC Technical Report)

2004 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 1269-1281 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Klein ◽  
M. Schwenk ◽  
R. Heinrich-Ramm ◽  
D. M. Templeton
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Lymphocyte Transformation ◽  
Immunological Response ◽  
Lymphocyte Transformation Test ◽  
Skin Tests ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Patients At Risk

The lymphocyte transformation test (LTT) has been proven useful especially in the diagnosis of drug-induced allergic disorders. It is an in vitro test which is based on the fact that lymphocytes, which have been sensitized by a certain antigen, transform into blasts and proliferate when they are again exposed to this antigen. This proliferation is determined by measurement of the incorporation of [3H ]-thymidine or bromodeoxyuridine into replicating DNA. The test has the advantage over skin tests of avoiding re-exposure of individuals, and it was, therefore, hoped that it may also help to diagnose metal allergies and especially sensitization toward beryllium. However, the LTT measures only the sensitization of lymphocytes, but not the effector reaction, i.e., there may be positive results in exposed individuals even in the absence of clinical symptoms. There are several reports evaluating the LTT toward gold salts (Au), amalgam (Hg), nickel (Ni), beryllium (Be), and several other metals. With metals other than Be, the LTT appears to be of little use. In contrast, the LTT with Be may, indeed, define patients at risk of developing chronic beryllium disease (CBD), which affects mainly the respiratory tract and may even cause death. Beryllium sensitization progresses to CBD at a rate of 7-11 % per year. Since the Be-LTT can detect sensitization in workers who have not yet developed a disease it is an important diagnostic tool to detect individuals at risk. In conclusion, the LTT can detect a cell-mediated immunological response of an individual to metals. However, for most metals its usefulness is questionable, with the exception of Be; a positive Be-LTT can identify not only patients with CBD, but also persons at risk of developing CBD in later years.

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