Evaluation of the acute toxicity of Thymus linearis ethanol extract and its effect on the hemato-biochemical and behavioural response of the Golden mahseer, Tor putitora (Hamilton, 1923)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarang Kumar Shah ◽  
Avdhesh Kumar ◽  
Ritesh Shantilal Tandel ◽  
Debajit Sarma ◽  
Raja Aadil H. Bhat
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Behavioural Response ◽  
Tor Putitora

scholarly journals The Ethanolic Stem-Bark Extract of Antrocaryon micraster Inhibits Carrageenan-Induced Pleurisy and Pedal Oedema in Murine Models of Inflammation

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie B. Essel ◽  
David D. Obiri ◽  
Newman Osafo ◽  
Aaron O. Antwi ◽  
Babatunde M. Duduyemi
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Tissue Level ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Murine Models ◽  
Paw Oedema ◽  
Stem Bark Extract ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

We investigated the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of a 70% v/v ethanol extract of the stem bark of Antrocaryon micraster on murine models of carrageenan-induced pleurisy and paw oedema. Rat pleural fluid was analysed for volume, protein content, and leucocytes, while lung histology was assessed for damage. Lung tissue homogenates were assayed for glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), and myeloperoxidase (MPO). Phytochemical analysis was carried out on the stem bark. Acute toxicity studies were conducted in rats. In the pleurisy model the extract (30–300 mg/kg) significantly reduced the volume and amount of proteins and leucocytes in the exudate and also protected against lung injury. Tissue level of GSH and SOD and CAT expression were increased while MDA level and MPO activity were reduced. The peak and total oedema responses were significantly suppressed when given both preemptively and curatively in the mice paw oedema test. Saponins, alkaloids, triterpenoids, and tannins were present in the stem bark. A. micraster extract exhibited no apparent acute toxicity. We conclude that the ethanolic stem-bark extract of A. micraster has antioxidant action and exhibits significant anti-inflammatory activity through suppression of pleurisy and paw oedema induced with carrageenan.

scholarly journals ACUTE ORAL TOXICITY ASSESSMENT OF THE ETHANOL EXTRACT OF HOLOTHURIA ATRA IN MICE

2019 ◽  
pp. 150-153
Author(s):  
PANDU SALIM HANAFI ◽  
AJI SUTRISNO ◽  
TUTIK MURNIASIH ◽  
HARIJONO ◽  
MASTERIA YUNOVILSA PUTRA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Polar Compounds ◽  
Toxicity Assessment ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Holothuria Atra

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the toxicological potential of the ethanol extract of Holothuria atra through the acute oral toxicity – acute toxic class method. Methods: The sample was immersed in ethanol for 72 h at room temperature and repeated 3 times. The extracts were evaporated using a vacuum rotary evaporator. The identification of compounds in the ethanol extract of H. atra was carried out using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LCMS) analysis. The acute toxicity test was examined the effects of treating male mice with the ethanol extract of H. atra at 300 and 2000 mg/kg by oral administration for 14 days. On the past day of the toxicity test, liver of all experimental animals was taken for histopathological testing. Results: LCMS analysis showed that the ethanol extract of H. atra is contained polar compounds (chlorogenic acid, coumaric acid, a glycosaminoglycan, and holothurin) and non-polar compounds (fatty acids). Acute toxicity study was performed at a dose of 300 and 2000 mg/kg for 14 consecutive days. No deaths or behavioral changes were observed during the administration of both doses. Histopathological test results on the liver showed a few changes at doses of 2000 mg/kg. Conclusions: The LD50 is equal to 5000 mg/kg and the ethanol extracts of H. atra can be classified as practically nontoxic. However, further studies are required to proceed to clinical studies in humans.

scholarly journals Analisis Toksisitas Akut Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Buah Cempedak pada Tikus Galur Wistar

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Rakhman Hakim ◽  
Rina Saputri
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Fruit Skin ◽  
Public Health Protection ◽  
Toxicity Effects

Kulit buah Cempedak yang digoreng (Manday) merupakan salah satu makanan yang umum dikonsumsi masyarakat di Kalimantan Selatan. Berdasarkan pengalaman dari beberapa masyarakat, keluhan yang sering terjadi adalah perut terasa perih dan kepala pusing. Evaluasi sifat toksik dari bagian tumbuhan yang dikonsumsi oleh masyarakat sangat penting untuk dilakukan dengan mempertimbangkan perlindungan kesehatan masyarakat karena paparan senyawa kimia dari bagian tumbuhan yang dapat menyebabkan efek yang tidak diinginkan pada masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi senyawa kimia dan efek toksisitas akut dari ekstrak etanol kulit buah cempedak. Kulit buah cempedak dikeringkan dengan menggunakan oven. Ekstraksi kulit buah cempedak menggunakan cara maserasi dengan cairan penyari etanol. Tikus uji diberi larutan kontrol Na CMC dan ekstrak dengan dosis 300 mg/kgBB, 1000 mg/kgBB, 2000 mg/kgBB, dan 5000 mg/kgBB. Hasil identifikasi senyawa kimia didapatkan positif mengandung triterpenoid, flavonoid, tanin, dan senyawa fenolik. Tikus uji yang menerima ekstrak dengan dosis 1000 mg/kgBB, 2000 mg/kgBB, dan 5000 mg/kgBB terjadi perubahan pada tikus uji berdasarkan pengamatan fisik yaitu mengalami peningkatan detak jantung atau takikardi, pernapasan cepat, tremor, dan agresif. Kata kunci: Kulit buah cempedak, senyawa kimia, toksisitas akut Rind of Cempedak fruit (Manday) is one of the foods commonly consumed by people in South Kalimantan. Based on the experience of several communities, complaints that often occur are sore stomach and headache. Evaluation of the toxic properties of plant parts consumed by the community is very important to be done by considering public health protection due to exposure to chemical compounds from parts of plants that can cause undesirable effects on the community. This study aims to identify chemical compounds and acute toxicity effects of ethanol extract rind of cempedak fruit. Rind of Cempedak fruit has dried using an oven. Extraction of cempedak fruit skin using maceration method with ethanol. Test rats were given Na CMC as a control and extract with dose 300 mg / kgBB, 1000 mg / kgBB, 2000 mg / kgBB, and 5000 mg / kgBB. The results of the identification of chemical compounds were obtained positively containing triterpenoids, flavonoids, tannins, and phenolic compounds. The test rats that received extracts at a dose of 1000 mg / kgBW, 2000 mg / kgBB, and 5000 mg / kgBW were changed in the test rats based on physical observations that experienced an increase in heart rate or tachycardia, rapid breathing, tremor, and aggressive. Keywords: acute toxicity, chemistry compounds, rind of cempedak fruit

scholarly journals Anti-inflammatory Effect of the Alkaloid-rich Fraction of Landolphia owarensis

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
N.N. Ibekwe ◽  
N.N. Ibekwe ◽  
L.B. John-Africa
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Herbal Products ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Fraction Dose ◽  
Oral Acute Toxicity ◽  
Ear Oedema ◽  
Observation Period ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

Background: Plants have several chemical compounds acclaimed to be responsible for the pharmacological actions produced when herbal products are administered to biological systems.Objectives: This study was designed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of the alkaloid-rich fraction of the ethanol leaf extract of Landolphia owariensis.Methods: Qualitative phytochemical analyses were carried on the crude extract using standard methods. The alkaloid-rich fraction was obtained from the crude ethanol extract, using the classical acid/base shake-up method and the obtained fraction tested positive to Dragendorf’s reagent. Oral acute toxicity was evaluated by OECD method (No 423). Anti-inflammatory effect of the fraction was evaluated using xylene-induce ear oedema and carrageenan-induced paw inflammation in mice at doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg.Results: Phytochemical screening revealed presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, steroids/terpenes and glycosides. Acute toxicity studies showed no adverse symptoms of toxicity during the 14-day observation period and no mortality was recorded, thus the LD50 was estimated to be greater than 2000 mg/kg. The alkaloid-rich fraction dose-dependently inhibited inflammation induced by xylene and carrageenan. In the xylene test, the fraction produced significant inhibition of 41.70 % at 400 mg/kg (p ≤ 0.05) while in the carrageenan test 55.69 % significant inhibition (p ≤ 0.001) was recorded with 400 mg/kg at 60 mins after induction of inflammation.Conclusion: This study showed the anti-inflammatory potentials of the alkaloid-rich fraction of Landophia owariensis.

scholarly journals The acute toxicity of the metaldehyde on the climbing perch

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 02031
Author(s):  
Syamimi Wahida Mohamad Ismail ◽  
Farrah Aini Dahalan ◽  
Ammar Zakaria ◽  
Ali Yeon Mad Shakaff ◽  
Siti Aqlima Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Fish Population ◽  
Behavioural Response ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Fish Mortality ◽  
Anabas Testudineus ◽  
Climbing Perch ◽  
Physical Changes

In Asia, Climbing perch (Anabas testudineus) is commonly found in paddy fields and irrigation systems. Due to its habitat, Climbing perch is exposed to toxic pesticides used in paddy fields such as metaldehyde which is one of the most widely used molluscicide. This study aims to determine the acute toxicity Lethal Concentration50 (LC50) of metaldehyde and its effect on the behaviour and physical changes of the Climbing perch. The fish mortality responses to six different metaldehyde concentrations ranging from 180 to 330 mg/L were investigated. The 96-h LC50 values were determined and analysed using three different analysis methods which is arithmetic, logarithmic and probit graphic. The LC50 values obtained in this study were 239, 234 and 232 mg/L, respectively. After 96-h of exposure to metaldehyde, the fish showed a series of abnormal behavioural response in all cases: imbalance position, and restlessness of movement. The LC50 values show that metaldehyde is moderately toxic to the Climbing perch indicating that metaldehyde is not destructive to Climbing perch. However, long term exposure of aquatic organisms to the metaldehyde means a continuous health risk for the fish population as they are more vulnerable and it is on high risk for human to consume this toxicated fishes.

SENSITIVITY AND BEHAVIOURAL RESPONSE TO ACUTE TOXICITY OF LEAD IN TROPICAL FRESHWATER WORM, BRANCHIURA SOWERBYI BEDDARD, 1892

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 95-106
Author(s):  
KISHORE DHARA ◽  
◽  
ARPAN KUMAR MAITI ◽  
ASISH KUMAR PANIGRAHI ◽  
NIMAI CHANDRA SAHA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Behavioural Response ◽  
Branchiura Sowerbyi ◽  
Tropical Freshwater

scholarly journals Hepatoprotective Activity ofElephantopus scaberon Alcohol-Induced Liver Damage in Mice

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wan Yong Ho ◽  
Swee Keong Yeap ◽  
Chai Ling Ho ◽  
Raha Abdul Rahim ◽  
Noorjahan Banu Alitheen
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Liver Damage ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Serum Biochemical ◽  
Biochemical Profiles ◽  
Oral Acute Toxicity

Elephantopus scaberhas been traditionally used as liver tonic. However, the protective effect ofE. scaberon ethanol-induced liver damage is still unclear. In this study, we have compared thein vivohepatoprotective effect ofE. scaberwithPhyllanthus nirurion the ethanol-induced liver damage in mice. The total phenolic and total flavanoid content ofE. scaberethanol extract were determined in this study. Accelerating serum biochemical profiles (including AST, ALT, ALP, triglyceride, and total bilirubin) associated with fat drop and necrotic body in the liver section were observed in the mice treated with ethanol. Low concentration ofE. scaberwas able to reduce serum biochemical profiles and the fat accumulation in the liver. Furthermore, high concentration ofE. scaberand positive controlP. niruriwere able to revert the liver damage, which is comparable to the normal control. Added to this,E. scaberdid not possess any oral acute toxicity on mice. These results suggest the potential effect of this extract as a hepatoprotective agent towards-ethanol induced liver damage without any oral acute toxicity effect. These activities might be contributed, or at least in part, by its high total phenolic and flavonoid contents.

scholarly journals Ethanol Extract of Fructus Schisandrae Decreases Hepatic Triglyceride Level in Mice Fed with a High Fat/Cholesterol Diet, with Attention to Acute Toxicity

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Si-Yuan Pan ◽  
Zhi-Ling Yu ◽  
Hang Dong ◽  
Chun-Jing Xiang ◽  
Wang-Fun Fong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Liver Lipid ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Hepatic Triglyceride ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Lipid Contents ◽  
Fenofibrate Treatment ◽  
Hepatic Index ◽  
Therapeutic Protocols ◽  
Potential Use

Effects of the ethanol extract of Fructus Schisandrae (EtFSC) on serum and liver lipid contents were investigated in mice fed with high fat/cholesterol (HFC) diet for 8 or 15 days. The induction of hypercholesterolemia by HFC diet caused significant increases in serum and hepatic total cholesterol (TC) levels (up to 62% and 165%, resp.) and hepatic triglyceride (TG) levels (up to 528%) in mice. EtFSC treatment (1 or 5 g/kg/day for 7 days; from Day 1 to 7 or from Day 8 to 14, i.g.) significantly decreased the hepatic TG level (down to 35%) and slightly increased the hepatic index (by 8%) in hypercholesterolemic mice. Whereas fenofibrate treatment (0.1 g/kg/day for 7 days, i.g.) significantly lowered the hepatic TG level (by 61%), it elevated the hepatic index (by 77%) in hypercholesterolemic mice. Acute toxicity test showed that EtFSC was relatively non-toxic, with an LD50value of 35.63 ± 6.46 g/kg in mice. The results indicate that EtFSC treatment can invariably decrease hepatic TG in hypercholesterolemic mice, as assessed by both preventive and therapeutic protocols, suggesting its potential use for fatty liver treatment.

scholarly journals ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF MARINE SPONGE CALLYSPONGIA SP. AND ITS ACUTE TOXICITY

2019 ◽  
pp. 97-100
Author(s):  
ADRYAN FRISTIOHADY ◽  
WAHYUNI WAHYUNI ◽  
FADHLIYAH MALIK ◽  
LA ODE MUHAMMAD JULIAN PURNAMA ◽  
BARU SADARUN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Artemia Salina ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Toxicity Assay ◽  
Membrane Method ◽  
Activity Test ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

Objective: This study aims to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of the ethanolic extract of Callyspongia sp. using stabilization of the human red blood cell (HRBC) membrane method and its acute toxicity using brine shrimp lethality test (BSLT) method. Methods: Callyspongia sp. was macerated with 96% ethanol. Extract characterized and screened for the secondary metabolite. Anti-inflammatory activity by stabilization of the HRBC membrane method with a varied dose of 50 ppm; 100 ppm; 200 ppm; 400 ppm; 800 ppm; 1600 ppm; and 3200 ppm. Solutions observed using a photometer to describing stability and ability in preventing membranes hemolytic and statistically analyzed using SPSS. Acute toxicity carried out by the BSLT method and analyzed using Minitab®ver. 17.2.1. Results: The phytochemical screening was indicating that Callyspongia sp. contains flavonoid, alkaloid, and terpenoid. The results of the anti-inflammatory activity test showed that the percentage value of stability and hemolysis of extracts with doses of 50, 100, 200, 400, 800, 1600, and 3200 ppm were 55% and 45%, 63% and 37%, 70% and 30%, 74% and 26%, 80% and 20%, 87% and 13%, and 97% and 3%, respectively. It showed that extract of sponge Callyspongia sp. in all varied dose has activity in stabilizing the HRBC membrane thus can be potential as an anti-inflammatory. The results of acute toxicity assay showed that the value of LC50 was 1281.45 μg/ml and categorized as nontoxic to Artemia salina Leach. Conclusion: Various concentrations of Callyspongia sp. effective as an anti-inflammatory in stabilizing HRBC, and categorized as safe.

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