scholarly journals Correction to: Municipal wastewater viral pollution in Saudi Arabia: effect of hot climate on COVID-19 disease spreading

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadil M. Alahdal ◽  
Fuad Ameen ◽  
Sami AlYahya ◽  
Hana Sonbol ◽  
Anas Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Hot Climate ◽  
Disease Spreading

scholarly journals Awareness of dehydration state and fluid intake practice among adults population in the Jazan Region of Saudi Arabia, 2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osama B. Albasheer ◽  
Abdullah Hakami ◽  
Abdullah A. Al Faqih ◽  
Ibrahim Akkam ◽  
Safwan K. Soraihy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Fluid Intake ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Good Knowledge ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hot Climate ◽  
Daily Water Intake

Abstract Despite the hot climate and high humidity in the Jazan Region of Saudi Arabia, which increases risk for dehydration, no previous studies have assessed awareness of dehydration and fluid intake practice among adults in this region. Therefore, the aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine awareness of the dehydration state and fluid intake practices among 440 adults in the Jazan Region of Saudi Arabia. Out of the total, 51⋅8 % were male and 48⋅2 % were females. Good knowledge of dehydration definition and prevention and recommended minimum water intake was observed in 98, 95 and 75 % of the participants, respectively. Fifty-nine percent of the participants met the minimum daily requirement of 3 l or more per day. The age (95 % CI 1⋅003, 1⋅017, P value = 0⋅006), diabetes (95 % CI 1⋅028, 1⋅459, P value = 0⋅023) and prior hospitalisation due to dehydration (95 % CI 1⋅010, 1⋅378, P value = 0⋅037) were associated with higher water intake. Additional glasses of coffee (95 % CI 1⋅02, 1⋅115, P value = 0⋅004) and juice (95 % CI 1⋅039, 1⋅098, P value < 0⋅001) were associated with more water intake. The participants exhibited good knowledge of dehydration definition, symptoms and consequences. Intake of fluids such as ‘juice and coffee’ enhances more water intake. Although two-thirds of the participants met the recommended daily water intake, still one-third of them did not meet this level. Innovative approaches to enhance healthy drinking are warranted and may include partnering with patients to take an active role in hydration monitoring and increasing communication with the different healthcare providers.

Water reuse in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia – status, prospects and research needs

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 926-936 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jörg E. Drewes ◽  
C. Patricio Roa Garduño ◽  
Gary L. Amy
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Artificial Recharge ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Desalination Plants

Saudi Arabia is one of the driest countries in the world. While desalination plants currently installed in the country represent 30% of the world's desalination capacity, seawater desalination alone will not be able to provide sufficient supplies to meet the increasing freshwater demand. However, with only 9% of the total municipal wastewater generated currently being reused, the kingdom is projected as the third largest reuse market after China and the USA, and reuse capacities are projected to increase by 800% by 2016. This projected growth and the change in water portfolios offer tremendous opportunities to integrate novel approaches of water reclamation and reuse. This paper highlights the current status of reuse in the kingdom, discusses prospects of using distributed infrastructure for reuse tailored to local needs as well as the use of artificial recharge and recovery systems for reclaimed water. It also suggests research needs to helping overcoming barriers for wastewater reuse.

scholarly journals Agent-Based Adaptive Cooling Optimising Systems for Homes in KSA

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Areej A. Malibari ◽  
Amjad H. Gamlo
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Royal Commission ◽  
Efficient Technology ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Massive Growth ◽  
Hot Climate ◽  
Global Concern ◽  
Modelling And Optimization

Energy saving has been a global concern since the last few years. Due to the massive growth of population in Saudi Arabia and its extremely hot climate, electricity consumption, and costs are expected to increase every year. This work presents an intelligent and efficient technology to create a balance between the need of energy consumption minimization and standards regarding the comfort of people in Saudi Arabia. Thermal Modelling and Optimization of Cooling Systems have been considered to generate the outcomes of study. The sample size comprised of 10 houses, which have been selected randomly from Royal Commission for Yanbu province. It has been revealed through testing that there is a reduction by 20% in cooling consumption. This reduction reflects in 31% reduction in expected cooling costs without affecting the comfort of householders.

scholarly journals THERMAL EFFECT OF LIGHTING AND WINDOW-TO-WALL RATIO IN MOSQUES: A CASE STUDY IN A HOT CLIMATE – SAUDI ARABIA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
MOHAMMED M. ALSHAREEF ◽  
MUNEER S. ALOSAIMI ◽  
MAMDOOH ALWETAISHI ◽  
ASHRAF BALABEL ◽  
AHMAD ALAHMADI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Thermal Effect ◽  
Hot Climate

scholarly journals Feasibility Study on Variable-Speed Air Conditioner under Hot Climate based on Real-Scale Experiment and Energy Simulation

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaehun Lim ◽  
Myung Sup Yoon ◽  
Turki Al-Qahtani ◽  
Yujin Nam
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Energy Simulation ◽  
Cooling Load ◽  
Air Conditioner ◽  
Variable Speed ◽  
Air Conditioners ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Test Room ◽  
Hot Climate

It is well known that inverter-driven variable-speed compressor (or inverter) air conditioners are more efficient than constant-speed compressor air conditioners. Therefore, most countries have employed part-load assessment test standards such as ISO 16358, EN 14825 and ASHRAE 116 in addition to the conventional ISO 5151 full-load test standard to appropriately evaluate the part-load efficiencies of variable-speed air conditioners. However, many countries in the Middle East and South America still use the ISO 5151 standard owing to policy or high- temperature environmental considerations. In this study, we experimentally verify the energy saving effect of the inverter air conditioner with respect to the constant-speed air conditioner under the Korean climate with distinct temperature changes of four seasons and under the hot climate of Saudi Arabia throughout the year. ISO 5151 defines test conditions for a single temperature, whereas ISO 16358, EN 14825 and ASHRAE 116 simulate seasonal efficiencies using interpolation of several climate test results. Herein, we directly employ the environmental changes during a day or season in a qualified test room with specific dimension. Using extensive regional and seasonal climate data for Saudi Arabia and South Korea, the changes in temperature conditions are applied directly to the outdoor side and appropriate building cooling load conditions are applied to the indoor side of the air-enthalpy-type test room. The energy savings of the inverter air conditioner were analyzed experimentally according to the spatial and temporal temperature changes. The energy reduction effects of the inverter air conditioner largely depended on the temperature and cooling load changes for a day or season. Furthermore, a feasibility study based on an energy simulation showed that the variable-speed air conditioner could be economical even in hot climates.

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