Assessing the relationship between the abundance of microplastics in sediments, surface waters, and fish in the Iran southern shores

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Agharokh ◽  
Mojtaba S. Taleshi ◽  
Mehdi Bibak ◽  
Majid Rasta ◽  
Hor Torabi Jafroudi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waters ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Hydrochemical Characteristics of Surface Waters and Their Relationships to the Kashin–Beck Disease in Longzi County, Tibet

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Tian ◽  
Jianyu Xiao ◽  
Xinjie Zha ◽  
Chengqun Yu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waters ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Hydrochemical Characteristics ◽  
Potential Toxic Elements ◽  
Essential Trace Elements ◽  
Cobalt Iron ◽  
Endemic Areas ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Beck Disease

Abstract Although previous studies have been reported between the Kashin–Beck Disease (KBD) epidemic and the hydrochemical characteristics of surface waters, the etiology of the disease remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the relationship between the KBD and the environment by comprehensively examining the hydrochemical characteristics of surface waters in Longzi County, Tibet, and the spatial incidence of the disease. Results show that, the pH (mean = 7.27±0.30), TH (mean = 57.08±45.74 mg L–1), and TDS (mean = 67.56±44.00 mg L–1) of surface waters in KBD endemic areas are lower than for those in the non-KBD endemic areas (means of pH = 7.49±0.30; TH = 262.06±123.29 mg L–1; TDS = 253.25±100.39 mg L–1). These results suggest that long-term consumption of low TDS, essential trace elements (e.g., nickel, cobalt, iron, selenium, zinc, molybdenum, and iodine) deficient, and potential toxic elements (such as arsenic) enriched waters by humans likely causes the KBD. Environmental factors such as the geology and geomorphology may produce biogeochemical imbalance, geomorphic, vegetation types and local climatic conditions may have significant impact on food fungi toxin poisoning and water organic compound poisoning, and these are also important in the KBD occurrence.

scholarly journals Uranium Speciation and Bioavailability in Aquatic Systems: An Overview

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 707-729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott J. Markich
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waters ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Analytical Technique ◽  
Major Form ◽  
Uranyl Carbonate ◽  
Inorganic Ligands ◽  
The Relationship

The speciation of uranium (U) in relation to its bioavailability is reviewed for surface waters (fresh- and seawater) and their sediments. A summary of available analytical and modeling techniques for determining U speciation is also presented. U(VI) is the major form of U in oxic surface waters, while U(IV) is the major form in anoxic waters. The bioavailability of U (i.e., its ability to bind to or traverse the cell surface of an organism) is dependent on its speciation, or physicochemical form. U occurs in surface waters in a variety of physicochemical forms, including the free metal ion (U4+or UO22+) and complexes with inorganic ligands (e.g., uranyl carbonate or uranyl phosphate), and humic substances (HS) (e.g., uranyl fulvate) in dissolved, colloidal, and/or particulate forms. Although the relationship between U speciation and bioavailability is complex, there is reasonable evidence to indicate that UO22+and UO2OH+are the major forms of U(VI) available to organisms, rather than U in strong complexes (e.g., uranyl fulvate) or adsorbed to colloidal and/or particulate matter. U(VI) complexes with inorganic ligands (e.g., carbonate or phosphate) and HS apparently reduce the bioavailability of U by reducing the activity of UO22+and UO2OH+. The majority of studies have used the results from thermodynamic speciation modeling to support these conclusions. Time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy is the only analytical technique able to directly determine specific U species, but is limited in use to freshwaters of low pH and ionic strength. Nearly all of the available information relating the speciation of U to its bioavailability has been derived using simple, chemically defined experimental freshwaters, rather than natural waters. No data are available for estuarine or seawater. Furthermore, there are no available data on the relationship between U speciation and bioavailability in sediments. An understanding of this relationship has been hindered due to the lack of direct quantitative U speciation techniques for particulate phases. More robust analytical techniques for determining the speciation of U in natural surface waters are needed before the relationship between U speciation and bioavailability can be clarified.

Integrated acidification study (ILWAS): a mechanistic ecosystem analysis

1984 ◽  
Vol 305 (1124) ◽  
pp. 409-425 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Intensive Study ◽  
Soil Mineralogy ◽  
Forested Watersheds ◽  
Ecosystem Properties ◽  
Forest Development ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Water Acidity

An integrated, interdisciplinary, intensive study of three forested watersheds was started in 1977 to quantify the relationship between the deposition of atmospheric acids and surface water acidity. Results indicate the importance of using an integrated ecosystem perspective to assess the vulnerability of surface waters to acidification and the value of analysing relative flowpath contributions to understanding surface water alkalinity levels and dynamics. Important ecosystem properties affecting surface water acidity are soil depth, soil mineralogy and stage of forest development.

scholarly journals Investigation of buffer capacity of the recreational environmental through the self-purification of natural-technogenic hydroecosystems in the Carpathian region

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 441-448
Author(s):  
Victoria I. Hryniuk ◽  
Lyudmyla M. Arkhypova ◽  
Marta V. Korchemlyuk
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waters ◽  
Buffer Capacity ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
The Self ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Carpathian Region ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of research was to investigate the theoretical and practical aspects of the buffer capacity of the recreational environment of the Carpathian region of Ukraine through the improvement of self-purification assessment on the example of natural-technogenic hydroecosystems. Studies of the self-purification process were carried out on the example of the right tributaries of the river Svicha in the Carpathian region, which are water intakes of wastewater from the oil and gas industry enterprise of Ivano-Frankivsk region. The main factors influencing the natural process of self-purification of natural watercourses are determined. As a result, the indicator of wastewater dilution intensity was improved with the substantiation of the proposed coefficients, which depend on the value of the river flow velocity and water temperature. A scale for assessing surface waters has been developed, that allows to determine the degree of natural self-purification of water from pollutants. Based on the results of the analysis of selected water samples, the pattern of self-purification of natural watercourses from oil products is obtained, which will allow to make forecast maps of the buffer capacity of the recreational environment of the Carpathian region. A regression analysis was performed, which proves the relationship between the content of petroleum products and the distance of their distribution from the source of pollution in the Lushchava River. Fisher's F-test was used to check the significance of the dependence. The reliability of the relationship between the indicators is confirmed by the coefficient of determination (D = r2), which is 0.96. Summarizing the results of the study the scale of estimation of natural self-purification of surface waters from pollutants depending on the calculated indicator of wastewater dilution intensity which’s criteria are the accounting for speed of a river flow and a temperature mode is offered. When establishing the range of n values, the average value of the calculated indicator of the intensity of wastewater dilution for the studied rivers, which is 4, was taken into account. As a result, the proposed scale of assessment of natural self-purification of surface waters allows to determine the degree of self-purification of the right tributaries of the river Svicha, which is necessary for further forecasting of water pollution in the Carpathian region.

scholarly journals Chemical Speciation of Thorium in Marine Biogenic Particulate Matter

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 67-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsumi Hirose
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Western North Pacific ◽  
Chemical Speciation ◽  
Organic Ligand ◽  
Chemical Form ◽  
The Sea Of Japan ◽  
Balance Analysis ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
The Relationship

Concentrations of particulate thorium in seawater were determined together with the strong organic ligand (SOL) and uranium in particulate matter (PM). The concentrations of particulate Th in surface waters of the western North Pacific and the Sea of Japan ranged from 0.05 to 1.5 pM (1 x 10−12M), and showed relatively large temporal and spatial variations. In order to chemically characterize the particulate Th in seawater, the relationship between particulate Th and SOL concentrations in surface PM was examined. The result reveals that particulate Th in surface PM was well correlated with the SOL concentration in PM. The concentrations of particulate Th in surface water were linearly related to those of particulate U. Mass balance analysis suggests that the dominant chemical form of Th(IV), as well as of U, in surface PM is a surface complex with the SOL in PM. Our findings suggest that the SOL in PM is a nonmetal-specific chelator originating from the cell surface of microorganisms.

The Microtox® biological test: Application in toxicity evaluation of surface waters and sediments in Poland

2007 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Niemirycz ◽  
Joanna Nichthauser ◽  
Marta Staniszewska ◽  
Grzegorz Nałęcz-Jawecki ◽  
Jerzy Bolałek
Keyword(s):  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Biological Test ◽  
Toxicity Evaluation ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Vistula River ◽  
Test Application ◽  
Odra River ◽  
The Relationship

The Microtox® biological test: Application in toxicity evaluation of surface waters and sediments in PolandResearch into the suitability of Microtox® for the evaluation of toxicity of surface waters and bottom sediments in Poland was conducted. Water bodies of various pollution levels were tested, including the Odra River and its tributaries, the Lower Vistula River, the Kashubian Lake District and the Gulf of Gdańsk, using a Microtox® Model 500 analyser (Microbics Corporation, USA). The majority of tested surface water samples were found to be apparently non-toxic. However, 75% of the bottom sediment samples were found to be highly toxic (EC50>2%). These results indicate that the Microtox® test is suitable for evaluating the toxicity of bottom sediments, in which pollutants tend to accumulate. It seems, however, that Microtox® lacks the sensitivity to be of use in analyzing water quality. The relationship between the toxicity of analysed sediments and their organic content was examined.

scholarly journals Evidence for behavioural thermoregulation by the world's largest fish

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (78) ◽  
pp. 20120477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Thums ◽  
Mark Meekan ◽  
John Stevens ◽  
Steven Wilson ◽  
Jeff Polovina
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waters ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Metabolic Cost ◽  
Vertical Movements ◽  
Rhincodon Typus ◽  
Whale Sharks ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Body Heat

Many fishes make frequent ascents to surface waters and often show prolonged surface swimming following descents to deep water. This affinity for the surface is thought to be related to the recovery of body heat lost at depth. We tested this hypothesis using data from time–depth recorders deployed on four whale sharks ( Rhincodon typus ). We summarized vertical movements into bouts of dives and classified these into three main types, using cluster analysis. In addition to day and night ‘bounce’ dives where sharks rapidly descended and ascended, we found a third type: single deep (mean: 340 m), long (mean: 169 min) dives, occurring in daytime with extremely long post-dive surface durations (mean: 146 min). Only sharks that were not constrained by shallow bathymetry performed these dives. We found a negative relationship between the mean surface duration of dives in the bout and the mean minimum temperature of dives in the bout that is consistent with the hypothesis that thermoregulation was a major factor driving use of the surface. The relationship broke down when sharks were diving in mean minimum temperatures around 25°C, suggesting that warmer waters did not incur a large metabolic cost for diving and that other factors may also influence surface use.

scholarly journals Spatial variability of nitrate concentration in lakes in Snowdonia, North Wales, UK

1999 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 395-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Kernan ◽  
T. E. H. Allott
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Nitrate Concentration ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Strong Acid ◽  
N Deposition ◽  
N Leaching ◽  
Bare Rock ◽  
North Wales ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. At a regional scale, high nitrate (NO3‾) concentrations in upland surface waters generally occur in tandem with high nitrogen (N) deposition levels. However, significant differences in the patterns of surface water NO3‾ concentration have been observed within areas of similar N deposition yet relatively few studies have been undertaken which examine within-region variation of NO3‾ concentrations. A study of 76 lakes in Snowdonia, north Wales, an area of high deposition and sensitive catchments, was undertaken to assess variation in surface water NO3‾ concentration across a 20 x 20 km grid square and to identify catchments vulnerable to NO3‾ leaching. Nitrate concentrations vary considerably, particularly during winter when values range from 0.7 to 70 μeq l-1. Although retention by vegetation and soil microbes in summer reduces the amount of NO3‾ reaching the lakes, 37 % of sites are characterised by NO3‾ concentrations greater then 4 μeq l-1. The elevated concentrations occurring in summer suggests that N breakthrough has occurred. By examining the ratio of NO3‾ to total strong acid anions, it is shown that NO3‾ contributes significantly to freshwater acidity, particularly during the winter. Redundancy analysis shows that NO3‾ leaching is greatest, both in winter and summer, in catchments with high proportions of bare rock where soil and vegetation cover is limited. Nitrogen cycling in these catchments, generally at higher altitudes, may no longer be governed by seasonal biological controls. They are likely to be saturated with respect to nitrogen (i.e. incapable of further N retention) as a result of the elevated deposition levels in the area. The contribution of NO3‾ to acidity is also greatest at these sites. In winter, significant positive relationships are also evident between NO3‾ concentration and soil pH and coniferous woodland. The study demonstrates the importance of catchment factors in modifying the relationship between N deposition and N leaching in upland catchments.

scholarly journals Eco-chemical mechanisms govern phytoplankton emissions of dimethylsulfide in global surface waters

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuwei Deng ◽  
Jun Chen ◽  
Lars-Anders Hansson ◽  
Xia Zhao ◽  
Ping Xie
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waters ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Feedback Regulation ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Negative Feedback Regulation ◽  
Chemical Mechanisms ◽  
Global Patterns ◽  
Gaseous Sulfur ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Global Surface

Abstract The anti-greenhouse gas dimethylsulfide (DMS) is mainly emitted by algae and accounts for more than half of the total natural flux of gaseous sulfur to the atmosphere, strongly reducing the solar radiation and thereby the temperature on Earth. However, the relationship between phytoplankton biomass and DMS emissions is debated and inconclusive. Our study presents field observations from 100 freshwater lakes, in concert with data of global ocean DMS emissions, showing that DMS and algal biomass show a hump-shaped relationship, i.e. DMS emissions to the atmosphere increase up to a pH of about 8.1 but, at higher pH, DMS concentrations decline, likely mainly due to decomposition. Our findings from lake and ocean ecosystems worldwide were corroborated in experimental studies. This novel finding allows assessments of more accurate global patterns of DMS emissions and advances our knowledge on the negative feedback regulation of phytoplankton-driven DMS emissions on climate.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Dissolved Solids Yield and the Presence of Snow cover in the Periglacial Basin of the Obruchev Glacier (Polar Urals) during the Ablation Season

2011 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Łukasz Stachnik ◽  
Łukasz Uzarowicz
Keyword(s):  
Snow Cover ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Chemical Weathering ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Qualitative Comparison ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Polar Urals ◽  
The Relationship

The Relationship between Dissolved Solids Yield and the Presence of Snow cover in the Periglacial Basin of the Obruchev Glacier (Polar Urals) during the Ablation SeasonHydrochemical investigations were carried out in the periglacial basin of Obruchev Glacier (Polar Urals, Russia) in order to provide a quantitative and qualitative comparison of dissolved solids yields during the ablation season with and without snow cover taking into account the mineral composition of rocks and deposits occurring in the studied area. The concentration of dissolved solids in the waters of the investigated basin is very low (about 7.0-8.9 μS cm-1). It is most of all due to harsh local climate conditions as well as the presence of minerals resistant to weathering in the parent material. Both factors contribute to the low rate of chemical weathering in the area. Results obtained indicate that a larger dissolved solids yield was transported during the period with snow cover (106 kg km-2day-1, on average), than at the same time of the year but without snow cover (13 kg km-2day-1, on average) indicating that melting snow is an important factor influencing the yield of dissolved solids in surface waters.

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