Associations of muscle lipid content with physical function and resistance training outcomes in older adults: altered responses with metformin

Comorbidities affecting physical function increase with advanced-age and rural living. This study investigated the degree of benefit from resistance training (RT) in older adults based on age (50–89 years), location (urban vs. rural), and program duration (10 vs. 8-weeks). 260 participants completed pre- and post-program dynamic and static tasks and flexibility testing. Paired and independent t-tests and one-way and repeated measures ANOVAs were used to test group improvements. All ages improved performance (all p ≤ .002) but those in their 50’s improved flexibility the most and those in their 60’s improved 30STS more and tandem balance less than those in their 80’s. Both rural and urban participants improved in all areas (all p ≤ .002), but rural participants reported greater improvements in tandem balance. Both 10- and 8-week classes improved performance (all p ≤ .001), but 8-week participants improved dynamic tasks and tandem balance more. RT can reduce functional discrepancies in older adults and rural residents.

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Single-arm resistance training study to determine the relationship between training outcomes and muscle growth factor mRNAs in older adults consuming numerous medications and supplements

The journal of nutrition health & aging ◽

10.1007/s12603-017-0913-4 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 269-275 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Richard A. Dennis ◽

K. K. Garner ◽

P. M. Kortebein ◽

C. M. Parkes ◽

M. M. Bopp ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Growth Factor ◽

Resistance Training ◽

Muscle Growth ◽

Training Study ◽

Training Outcomes ◽

The Relationship

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Resistance training improves mobility disability in community-dwelling older adults: a meta-analysis

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igab046.3253 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 904-904

Author(s):

Christina Prevett ◽

Kevin Moncion ◽

Stuart Phillips ◽

Julie Richardson ◽

Ada Tang

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Resistance Training ◽

Physical Function ◽

Gait Speed ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Mobility Disability ◽

Exercise Interventions ◽

Walking Capacity ◽

Community Dwelling Older Adults

Abstract Mobility disability is the impairment in function that affects the performance of daily tasks due to declines in physical function. Exercise interventions, particular resistance training, may have a positive impact on mobility disability, but the evidence for the effects of resistance training in older adults with mobility disability has not been previously systematically reviewed. This study was a systematic review of evidence related to resistance training on physical function for adults over 65 years of age with mobility disability. Four databases (PEDro, MedLine, Ovid, Web of Science) were searched from inception to February 2, 2021 for randomized controlled trials. Twenty-four articles from 22 studies (3,656 participants) were included in the review. Mean participant age ranged from 63-87 years and exercise interventions ranged from 10 weeks to 12 months in duration. Greater changes in 6-minute Walk Test (6MWT) distance (n=638, p<0.0001; mean difference (MD) 16.1 metres; 95%CI 12.3-19.9), lower extremity strength (n=785, p<0.0001; standard MD 2.01; 95%CI 1.27-2.75) and usual gait speed (n=2,106, p<0.001; MD 0.05 metres/second, 95%CI 0.03-0.07) were seen with resistance training as compared to control. These results were maintained if resistance training was a sole intervention or a component of a multi-component program. Sensitivity analysis based on risk of bias concerns did not change results. This review demonstrates that resistance training improves walking capacity, strength and walking speed in community-dwelling older adults and may facilitate aging in place. Since improvements in strength and gait speed contribute to independence, our results indicate highly beneficial outcomes for older persons.

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Effects of Aerobic + Resistance Training on Physical Function and Psychological Variables in Older Adults

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise ◽

10.1097/00005768-200405001-00756 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 36 (Supplement) ◽

pp. S159

Author(s):

Richard Burke ◽

Angela B. Lanier

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Resistance Training ◽

Physical Function ◽

Psychological Variables

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Effectiveness of a resistance training program on physical function, muscle strength, and body composition in community-dwelling older adults receiving home care: a cluster-randomized controlled trial

European Review of Aging and Physical Activity ◽

10.1186/s11556-020-00243-9 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hilde Bremseth Bårdstu ◽

Vidar Andersen ◽

Marius Steiro Fimland ◽

Lene Aasdahl ◽

Truls Raastad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Older Adults ◽

Body Composition ◽

Resistance Training ◽

Home Care ◽

Physical Function ◽

Low Cost ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Cluster Randomized ◽

Community Dwelling Older Adults

Abstract Background Aging is associated with reduced muscle mass and strength leading to impaired physical function. Resistance training programs incorporated into older adults’ real-life settings may have the potential to counteract these changes. We evaluated the effectiveness of 8 months resistance training using easily available, low cost equipment compared to physical activity counselling on physical function, muscle strength, and body composition in community-dwelling older adults receiving home care. Methods This open label, two-armed, parallel group, cluster randomized trial recruited older adults above 70 years (median age 86.0 (Interquartile range 80–90) years) receiving home care. Participants were randomized at cluster level to the resistance training group (RTG) or the control group (CG). The RTG trained twice a week while the CG were informed about the national recommendations for physical activity and received a motivational talk every 6th week. Outcomes were assessed at participant level at baseline, after four, and 8 months and included tests of physical function (chair rise, 8 ft-up-and-go, preferred- and maximal gait speed, and stair climb), maximal strength, rate of force development, and body composition. Results Twelve clusters were allocated to RTG (7 clusters, 60 participants) or CG (5 clusters, 44 participants). The number of participants analyzed was 56–64 (6–7 clusters) in RTG and 20–42 (5 clusters) in CG. After 8 months, multilevel linear mixed models showed that RTG improved in all tests of physical function and maximal leg strength (9–24%, p = 0.01–0.03) compared to CG. No effects were seen for rate of force development or body composition. Conclusion This study show that resistance training using easily available, low cost equipment is more effective than physical activity counselling for improving physical function and maximal strength in community-dwelling older adults receiving home care. Trial registration ISRCTN1067873

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Chronic Fish Oil Consumption with Resistance Training Improves Grip Strength, Physical Function, and Blood Pressure in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

Sports ◽

10.3390/sports7070167 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (7) ◽

pp. 167 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sang-Rok Lee ◽

Edward Jo ◽

Andy V. Khamoui

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Older Adults ◽

Resistance Training ◽

Fish Oil ◽

Physical Function ◽

Synergistic Effects ◽

Handgrip Strength ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Sit To Stand ◽

Community Dwelling Older Adults

Fish oil (FO) has received great attention for its health-enhancing properties. However, its potential synergistic effects with resistance training (RT) are not well established. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of FO supplementation during 12-weeks of RT on handgrip strength, physical function, and blood pressure (BP) in community-dwelling older adults. Twenty-eight healthy older adults (10 males, 18 females; 66.5 ± 5.0 years) were randomly assigned to three groups: Control (CON), resistance training (RT), resistance training with FO (RTFO). Handgrip strength, physical function [five times sit-to-stand (5T-STS), timed up and go (TUG), 6-m walk (6MW), 30-s sit-to-stand (30S-STS)], and BP were measured pre- and post-intervention. ANOVA was used with significance set at P ≤ 0.05. Handgrip strength significantly increased in RT (+5.3%) and RTFO (+9.4%) but decreased in CON (−3.9%). All physical function outcomes increased in RT and RTFO. CON exhibited significantly decreased TUG and 30S-STS with no change in 5T-STS and 6MW. BP substantially decreased only in RTFO, systolic blood pressure (−7.8 mmHg), diastolic blood pressure (−4.5 mmHg), mean arterial pressure (−5.6 mmHg), while no change was found in CON and RT. Chronic RT enhanced strength and physical function, while FO consumption combined with RT improved BP in community-dwelling older adults.

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Effects of Aerobic + Resistance Training on Physical Function and Psychological Variables in Older Adults

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise ◽

10.1249/00005768-200405001-00756 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 36 (Supplement) ◽

pp. S159

Author(s):

Richard Burke ◽

Angela B. Lanier

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Resistance Training ◽

Physical Function ◽

Psychological Variables

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Effects of ovariectomy and resistance training on lipid content in skeletal muscle, liver, and heart; fat depots; and lipid profile

Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1139/h09-116 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 34 (6) ◽

pp. 1079-1086 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Richard Diego Leite ◽

Jonato Prestes ◽

Celene Fernandes Bernardes ◽

Gilberto Eiji Shiguemoto ◽

Guilherme Borges Pereira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Resistance Training ◽

Lipid Profile ◽

Lipid Content ◽

Liver Lipid ◽

Atherogenic Index ◽

Ovariectomized Rats ◽

Muscle Lipid ◽

Liver Lipid Content ◽

Fat Depots

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of resistance training on skeletal muscle lipid content, liver lipid content, heart lipid content, fat depots, and lipid profile in ovariectomized rats. Wistar adult female rats were divided into 4 groups (n = 10 per group): sedentary (Sed-Intact), sedentary ovariectomized (Sed-Ovx), strength trained (ChronicEx-intact), and strength trained ovariectomized (ChronicEx-Ovx). A 12-week strength-training period was used, during which the animals climbed a 1.1-m vertical ladder with weights attached to their tails. The sessions were performed once every 3 days, with 4–9 climbs and 8–12 dynamic movements per climb. Ovariectomy increased liver lipid content and fat depots, and heart and muscle lipid content. There was an increase in the atherogenic index and a negative change in lipid profile because of the ovariectomy. Resistance training decreased lipid content in the liver, soleus, and tibialis anterior, decreased fat depots (mesenteric and retroperitoneal), and changed the lipid profile, independently of ovarian hormone status. These results indicate the potential benefits of resistance training as an alternative strategy to control the effects of ovariectomy on fat depot, lipid profile, and tissue lipid content.

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Resistance Training Congruent With Minimal Guidelines Improves Function in Older Adults: A Pilot Study

Journal of Physical Activity and Health ◽

10.1123/jpah.10.6.769 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 769-776 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Keith P. Gennuso ◽

Kathryn Zalewski ◽

Susan E. Cashin ◽

Scott J. Strath

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Resistance Training ◽

Muscle Strength ◽

Physical Function ◽

Sports Medicine ◽

Perceived Exertion ◽

Heart Association ◽

Functional Classification ◽

High Functioning ◽

Physical Abilities

Background:To examine the effectiveness of the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) and the American Heart Association (AHA) resistance training (RT) guidelines to improve physical function and functional classification in older adults with reduced physical abilities.Methods:Twenty-five at-risk older adults were randomized to a control (CON = 13) or 8-week resistance training intervention arm (RT = 12). Progressive RT included 8 exercises for 1 set of 10 repetitions at a perceived exertion of 5–6 performed twice a week. Individuals were assessed for physical function and functional classification change (low, moderate or high) by the short physical performance battery (SPPB) and muscle strength measures.Results:Postintervention, significant differences were found between groups for SPPB—Chair Stand [F(1,22) = 9.14, P < .01, η = .29] and SPPB—Total Score [F(1,22) = 7.40, P < .05, η = .25]. Functional classification was improved as a result of the intervention with 83% of participants in the RT group improving from low to moderate functioning or moderate to high functioning. Strength significantly improved on all exercises in the RT compared with the CON group.Conclusions:A RT program congruent with the current ASCM and AHA guidelines is effective to improve overall physical function, functional classification, and muscle strength for older adults with reduced physical abilities.

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Effects of Three Different Exercise Strategies for Optimizing Aerobic Capacity and Skeletal Muscle Performance in Older Adults: A Pilot Study

Journal of Frailty & Aging ◽

10.14283/jfa.2021.21 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-4

Author(s):

D. Tavoian ◽

D.W. Russ ◽

T.D. Law ◽

J.E. Simon ◽

P.J. Chase ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Pilot Study ◽

Resistance Training ◽

Physical Function ◽

Interval Training ◽

Effect Sizes ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

High Intensity Interval Training ◽

Continuous Training ◽

High Intensity Interval

This Brief Report describes a pilot study of the effect of 12 weeks of stationary bicycle high-intensity interval training, stationary bicycle moderate-intensity continuous training, and resistance training on cardiorespiratory, muscular, and physical function measures in insufficiently-active older adults (N=14; 66.4±3.9 years; 3 male, 11 female). After baseline testing, participants were randomly assigned to one of the exercise groups. High-intensity interval training and moderate-intensity continuous training had small-to-large effect sizes on cardiorespiratory/endurance and physical function measures, but very small effect sizes on muscular measures. Resistance training had small-to-large effect sizes on cardiorespiratory, muscular, and physical function measures. This pilot study should be interpreted cautiously, but findings suggest that resistance exercise may be the most effective of the three studied exercise strategies for older adults as it can induce beneficial adaptations across multiple domains. These effect sizes can be used to determine optimal sample sizes for future investigations.

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