Drought stress-induced enzyme activity and mdar and apx gene expression in tolerant and susceptible genotypes of Eleusine coracana (L.)

Drought stress is one of the most important environmental factors that affect plant growth and limit biomass production. Most studies focus on drought stress development but the reversibility of the effects receives less attention. Therefore, the present work aims to explore the biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) of the symbiotic association between peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) and Bradyrhizobium sp. during a drought–recovery cycle with a focus on the response of enzyme activity and gene expression of the antioxidant system. Peanuts exposed to drought stress had impaired BNF, as indicated by lower nitrogenase activity, and decreased leghaemoglobin content; the latter was reversed to control values upon rehydration. Previous results demonstrated that reactive oxygen species (O2·− and H2O2) were accumulated as a consequence of drought stress, suggesting that nodules experience oxidative stress. In addition, marker transcripts responsive to drought, abscisic acid and H2O2 were upregulated. Increased transcript levels of glutathione reductase were associated with an increased enzyme activity but superoxide dismutase and glutathione S-transferase activities were unchanged, despite upregulated gene transcription. In contrast, increased activity of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) was unrelated with changes in cytosolic APX transcript levels suggesting isogene specificity. In conclusion, the work exemplarily demonstrates the efficient and dynamic regulation of antioxidant enzymes and marker compounds during drought cycling, which is likely to be a prerequisite for functional optimisation of nodule metabolism.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Temporal and spatial changes in gene expression, metabolite accumulation and phytohormone content in rice seedlings grown under drought stress conditions.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.727146736.793559940 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Motoaki Seki

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Drought Stress ◽

Stress Conditions ◽

Rice Seedlings ◽

Spatial Changes ◽

Metabolite Accumulation ◽

Temporal And Spatial

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Temporal and spatial changes in gene expression, metabolite accumulation and phytohormone content in rice seedlings grown under drought stress conditions.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.727146736.793551641 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Bertrand Muller

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Drought Stress ◽

Stress Conditions ◽

Rice Seedlings ◽

Spatial Changes ◽

Metabolite Accumulation ◽

Temporal And Spatial

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Respon Morfologis dan Ekspresi Gen Aquaporin pada Padi IR 64 yang Mengalami Cekaman Kekeringan pada Fase Reproduktif (Morphological Responses and Aquaporin Gene Expression in Rice IR64 under Drought Stress at the Reproductive Stage)

JURNAL BIOS LOGOS ◽

10.35799/jbl.7.2.2017.18579 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Made Pharmawati ◽

Ni Nyoman Wirasiti ◽

Luh Putu Wrasiati

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Drought Stress ◽

Real Time ◽

Real Time Pcr ◽

Control Plant ◽

Reproductive Stage ◽

Limiting Factors ◽

Rice Grain ◽

Aquaporin Gene ◽

Peg Treatment

Abstrak Cekaman kekeringan merupakan faktor pembatas penting bagi pertumbuhan dan produktivitas tanaman termasuk padi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis respon padi IR64 terhadap cekaman kekeringan dengan pemberian polietilen glikol (PEG) pada fase reproduktif. Penelitian juga bertujuan menganalisis ekspresi gen aquaporin akibat cekaman kekeringan. Bibit padi ditanam dalam pot dan perlakuan PEG dengan konsentrasi 108g/L (-0.25MPa) dan 178g/L (-0.52 MPa) diberikan saat munculnya panikula. Perlakuan diberikan selama 2 minggu, kemudian tanaman disiram kembali. Ekspresi gen diamati pada akhir perlakuan dengan semi kuantitatif real time PCR. Ekstraksi RNA menggunakan RNeasy plant mini kit, sedangkan sintesis cDNA menggunakan Transcriptor First Strand cDNA Kit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah malai dan berat total malai berkurang akibat cekaman kekeringan. Persentase gabah kosong mencapai 84,6% pada perlakuan PEG-0,52 MPa, sedangkan pada perlakuan PEG -0,25 MPa persentase gabah kosong sebesar 67,8%. Pada kontrol persentase gabah kosong adalah 10,3%. Ekspresi gen OsPIP2;7 sedikit menurun pada perlakuan PEG -0,52 MPa.Kata kunci: ekspresi gen, IR64, kekeringan, padi, PEG Abstract Drought stress is one of the limiting factors of plant growth and productivity including rice. The aim of this study was to analyze responses of IR64 rice to polyethylene glycol (PEG)-induced-drought stress at the reproductive stage. This study also aimed to analyze the expression of aquaporin under drought stress. Rice seedlings were grown in pot system and PEG treatment at concentration of -0.25MPa (108g/L) and -0.52 MPa (178g/L) were given when the panicles arose. Treatments were conducted for 2 weeks, after that the plants were rewatered. Gene expression was evaluated at the end of PEG treatment using semi quantitative real time PCR. RNA was extracted using RNeasy plant mini kit, while cDNA synthesis was done using Transcriptor First Strand cDNA Kit. The results showed that the number and weight of rice ear were less in plant treated with PEG than in control. The percentage of empty rice grain reached 84.6% at PEG -0.52 MPa, while at PEG -0.25 MPa the percentage of empty grain was 67.8%. In control plant, the percentage of empty grain was 10.3%. Drought stress did not alter the expression of OsPIP2;7. Keywords: drought, gene expression, IR64, PEG, rice

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LSD1 enzyme inhibitor TAK-418 unlocks aberrant epigenetic machinery and improves autism symptoms in neurodevelopmental disorder models

Science Advances ◽

10.1126/sciadv.aba1187 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (11) ◽

pp. eaba1187

Author(s):

Rina Baba ◽

Satoru Matsuda ◽

Yuuichi Arakawa ◽

Ryuji Yamada ◽

Noriko Suzuki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Enzyme Activity ◽

Neurodevelopmental Disorders ◽

Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽

Specific Inhibitor ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

Poly I:C ◽

Control Of Gene Expression ◽

Epigenetic Machinery ◽

The Brain

Persistent epigenetic dysregulation may underlie the pathophysiology of neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Here, we show that the inhibition of lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) enzyme activity normalizes aberrant epigenetic control of gene expression in neurodevelopmental disorders. Maternal exposure to valproate or poly I:C caused sustained dysregulation of gene expression in the brain and ASD-like social and cognitive deficits after birth in rodents. Unexpectedly, a specific inhibitor of LSD1 enzyme activity, 5-((1R,2R)-2-((cyclopropylmethyl)amino)cyclopropyl)-N-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)thiophene-3-carboxamide hydrochloride (TAK-418), almost completely normalized the dysregulated gene expression in the brain and ameliorated some ASD-like behaviors in these models. The genes modulated by TAK-418 were almost completely different across the models and their ages. These results suggest that LSD1 enzyme activity may stabilize the aberrant epigenetic machinery in neurodevelopmental disorders, and the inhibition of LSD1 enzyme activity may be the master key to recover gene expression homeostasis. TAK-418 may benefit patients with neurodevelopmental disorders.

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Hepatocellular expression of glucose-6-phosphatase is unaltered during hepatic regeneration

AJP Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpgi.1998.275.4.g717 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 275 (4) ◽

pp. G717-G722 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Wisam F. Zakko ◽

Carl L. Berg ◽

John L. Gollan ◽

Richard M. Green

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Enzyme Activity ◽

Protein Expression ◽

Partial Hepatectomy ◽

Initial Phase ◽

Physiological Function ◽

Liver Homogenate ◽

Hepatic Regeneration ◽

Mrna Levels ◽

Microsomal Enzyme

Gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis are essential hepatic functions required for glucose homeostasis. During the initial phase of hepatic regeneration, the immediate-early genes (IEG) are rapidly expressed, and the IEG RL-1 encodes for glucose-6-phosphatase (G-6- Pase). G-6- Pase is a microsomal enzyme essential for gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis. This study employs a partial-hepatectomy model to examine the expression and activity of G-6- Pase. After partial hepatectomy, rat hepatic G-6- Pase gene expression is transcriptionally regulated, and mRNA levels are increased ≈30-fold. However, in contrast to this rapid gene induction, microsomal enzyme activity is unchanged after partial hepatectomy. Western blotting demonstrates that microsomal G-6- Pase protein expression is also unchanged after partial hepatectomy, and similar results are also noted in whole liver homogenate. Thus, despite marked induction in gene expression of the IEG G-6- Pase after partial hepatectomy, protein expression and enzyme activity remain unchanged. These data indicate that, although this hepatocyte IEG is transcriptionally regulated, the physiologically important level of regulation is posttranscriptional. This highlights the importance of correlating gene expression of IEG with protein expression and physiological function.

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