Determination of optimum tapping date for gum arabic production in South Kordofan State, Sudan

The high yielding of oil pam fibre reinforced composite (OPFC) to fire has necessitated research to improve and develop fire retardants (FR) to mitigate the spread of fire. Researchers relied on Flame Retardants (FR) classified as either halogenated or non-halogenated based FR to improve the performance of composites with emphasis on flammability properties (FP). The main object of this paper is to evaluate the effect of six non-halogenated FR species in OPFC to meet required fire safety standards for building purposes. The six FR species comprising aluminum tri-hydroxide (ATH), ammonium polyphosphate (APP), Gum Arabic powder (GAP) and carbon black (CB) were processed with OPFC at 0, 15 and 18% loading ratio using hand lay-up compression moulding technique. Specimens cut from the OPFC panels were tested for flammability and thermal properties using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA/DSC Metlar Toledo) and cone calorimeter apparatus respectively. The result obtained for thermal analysis shows that the panel was thermally stable at 391.6OC before degradation began compared to those without FR while peak flammability properties obtained for heat released rates, mass loss rates and smoke production rates showed the OPFC panels rapid fire response were significantly reduced respectively by 67.4%, 50.9% and 37.5% compared to those without FR. It can be concluded that the hybrid FR comprising APP-GAP showed a stable char structure during fire and thus prevented the escape of combustible volatiles which reduced the peak FP values of the OPFC panels. These flammability properties could be said to meet required fire safety standards for building applications.

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Hydrocolloid Interferences in the Determination of Pectin by the Carbazole Method

Journal of AOAC International ◽

10.1093/jaoac/84.6.1947 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 84 (6) ◽

pp. 1947-1950 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Nikolaos B Kyriakidis ◽

Evaggelia Psoma

Keyword(s):

Sodium Alginate ◽

Orange Juice ◽

Guar Gum ◽

Gum Arabic ◽

Colorimetric Determination

Abstract In the colorimetric determination of pectin by the carbazole method, some of the interfering compounds have been identified but the possible interference of different hydrocolloids is not known. Several hydrocolloids are currently used in the preparation of imitation and adulterated orange juice for cloud stabilization. Hydrocolloids studied were gum arabic, carboxylmethyl cellulose, sodium alginate, carrageenan, guar gum, and xanthan. The effects of these hydrocolloids on the carbazole method for pectin determination was studied. Procedures are proposed for the correct use of the carbazole method for pectin determination in the presence of extraneous hydrocolloids.

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Determination of physiochemical properties of Gum Arabic as a suitable binder in emulsion house paint

International Journal of Environment ◽

10.3126/ije.v5i1.14565 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 67-78

Author(s):

Ali L. Yaumi ◽

Ahmed M. Murtala ◽

Habiba D. Muhd ◽

Fatima M. Saleh

Keyword(s):

Chemical Properties ◽

Gum Arabic ◽

Acacia Senegal ◽

Physiochemical Properties ◽

Binding Strength ◽

Wide Range ◽

Percentage Concentration ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

Good Agreement

Gum Arabic “GA” is an organic adhesive produced from a tree called named Acacia Senegal. The gum has a wide range of industrial uses, especially in areas of feeds, textiles, and pharmaceuticals. It is used as emulsifier and serves mostly as stabilizer in both cosmetic and food products which contains oil water interface. GA sample was collected, formulated and prepared into various concentrations ranging from 20%w/v to 85%w/v. The quality and applicability of well characterized materials are directly related to their physical and chemical properties. From the physiochemical analysis, the result revealed that all the samples were slightly acidic (pH ranging from 4.81-6.41). This range is in good agreement with reported pH values for gum arabic and other Acacia gums by several authors. . The binding strength increases as the number of days increases for example in sample F (50%w/v) gum Arabic concentration increases from 1.5 in the 1st day to 1.97 in the 28th day. The samples prepared are denser than water which indicates that the density increases as the percentage concentration of the samples increases and the relative density of the gum solution is independent on time. The binding strength of sample G (75%w/v) gum concentration compared well to that of polyvinyl acetate (PVA). International Journal of Environment Vol. 5 (1) 2016, pp: 67-78

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Determination of optimal ultrasound conditions for preparation of O/W emulsions with encapsulated juniper berry essential oil (Juniperus communis L.)

Acta periodica technologica ◽

10.2298/apt1950023b ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 23-32

Author(s):

Jelena Bajac ◽

Branislava Nikolovski ◽

Andrea Nesterovic ◽

Ivana Loncarevic ◽

Jovana Petrovic

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Droplet Size ◽

Gum Arabic ◽

Wall Material ◽

Tween 20 ◽

Emulsion Droplets ◽

Droplet Sizes ◽

Preparatory Stage ◽

Emulsions Stability

The microencapsulation of essential oils can provide their evaporation and oxidation protection, flavor retention or/and masking of unpleasant taste. The microencapsulation process involves emulsions preparation and drying of the obtained emulsion droplets. The aim of this study is the determination of optimal conditions for preparation of the stable O/W emulsions containing juniper berry essential oil with minimal droplet size, as a preparatory stage for microcapsule formation. As the first step for pre-emulsions preparation, homogenization at 10000 rpm for 5 min. was chosen, which gave emulsions with droplet size between 1.82 and 2.51?m, depending on concentrations of the surfactant (Tween 20) and encapsulated essential oil. The second step was ultrasound emulsification during 5 minutes at a frequency of 99%, using pulsed 10:10 s (ON/OFF) ultrasound treatment, which was chosen as an optimal, creating emulsions of droplet sizes of 320 nm in diameter (for 5% essential oil and 1% Tween 20). The addition of wall material changed the size and stability of emulsions, which depends on type of biopolymer and its surface competition with used surfactant. The maltodextrin (MD), gum arabic (GA) and their mixture in equal ratio were used. GA emulsions can be singled out as the most stable without used surfactant, with D4,3 = 1.11 ? 0.003 ?m. Using MD as a wall material requires addition of surfactant (1% w/v) to form stable emulsions. The mixture of MD/GA can be used with or without surfactant. The addition of Tween 20 (1% w/v) decreases droplet size from 14.86 to 0.99 ?m, while utilization of the ultrasound contributes to the droplet size decrease and emulsions stability.

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