Phytotoxic effect of Sesbania virgata (Cav.) Pers. on seeds of agronomic and forestry species

ABSTRACT Sesbania virgata is a shrub that occurs in riparian forests, especially in Cerrado and Atlantic Forest. It is considered superdominant due to its rapid growth and high soil cover. Its seeds release allelochemicals during imbibition, affecting the germination and initial growth of other species. The aim of this study was to evaluate the phytotoxic effect of compounds found in S. virgata seeds on co-occurrent species from different successional stages. The species were co-germinated with S. virgata seeds and irrigated with S. virgata integument extracts, in laboratory, greenhouse, and field. The germination rate, germination speed, germination speed index, and seedling growth of the species were evaluated. Phytochemicals released by S. virgata seeds were not able to inhibit the germination of the co-occurrent forest species in field, but significantly reduced their initial growth. The results suggest that resistance to allelochemicals is not linked to the successional stage of a species but is determined by specific characteristics that guarantee the ability to tolerate the phytotoxins released by the seeds of S. virgata. In addition, the results also suggest that catechin and other compounds found in seeds may be responsible for the inhibitory potential of S. virgata plants.

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α-Terpinyl Acetate: Occurrence in Essential Oils Bearing Thymus pulegioides, Phytotoxicity, and Antimicrobial Effects

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26041065 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 1065

Author(s):

Vaida Vaičiulytė ◽

Kristina Ložienė ◽

Jurgita Švedienė ◽

Vita Raudonienė ◽

Algimantas Paškevičius

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Poa Pratensis ◽

Antimicrobial Effect ◽

Forage Legume ◽

Economic Productivity ◽

Microdilution Method ◽

Broth Microdilution Method ◽

Phytotoxic Effect ◽

Lower Effect

The aim of this study was to evaluate occurrence of T. pulegioides α-terpinyl acetate chemotype, as source of natural origin α-terpinyl acetate, to determine its phytotoxic and antimicrobial features. Were investigated 131 T. pulegioides habitats. Essential oils were isolated by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS. Phytotoxic effect of essential oil of this chemotype on monocotyledons and dicotyledons through water and air was carried out in laboratory conditions; the broth microdilution method was used to screen essential oil effect against human pathogenic microorganisms. Results showed that α-terpinyl acetate was very rare compound in essential oil of T. pulegioides: it was found only in 35% of investigated T. pulegioides habitats. α-Terpinyl acetate (in essential oil and pure) demonstrated different behavior on investigated plants. Phytotoxic effect of α-terpinyl acetate was stronger on investigated monocotyledons than on dicotyledons. α-Terpinyl acetate essential oil inhibited seeds germination and radicles growth for high economic productivity forage grass monocotyledon Poa pratensis, but stimulated seed germination for high economic productive forage legume dicotyledon Trifolium pretense. α-Terpinyl acetate essential oil showed high antimicrobial effect against fungi and dermatophytes but lower effect against bacteria and Candida yeasts. Therefore, T. pulegioides α-terpinyl acetate chemotype could be a potential compound for developing preventive measures or/and drugs for mycosis.

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Phytotoxic Effect of Decaying Quackgrass (Agropyron repens) Residues

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s004317450004594x ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 27 (6) ◽

pp. 595-598 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

T. V. Toai ◽

D. L. Linscott

Keyword(s):

Incubation Temperature ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Water Extracts ◽

Phytotoxic Activity ◽

Phytotoxic Effect ◽

Effects Of Temperature ◽

Incubation Temperatures ◽

Toxin Formation ◽

Agropyron Repens

We studied the effects of temperature (5, 10, 20, and 30 C) on the phytotoxic activity of decaying quackgrass [Agropyron repens (L.) Beauv.] leaves and rhizomes that were incubated in soils for 0, 1, 2, 4, and 6 weeks. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) seeds were grown for 96 h in water, water extracts of control soils, and water extracts of soil with quackgrass rhizomes or leaves. Dried quackgrass rhizomes and leaves contained water-soluble toxins that inhibited alfalfa seedling development and growth. There was a strong interaction between incubation time and temperature on the development of additional toxins by decomposing quackgrass. High incubation temperature (30 C) accelerated toxin formation and ultimate decay. Intermediate temperature (20 C) delayed toxin formation and decay. Low incubation temperatures (5 C and 10 C) prevented formation of additional toxin. In all extracts of quackgrass and soil that had been incubated for 6 weeks, normal alfalfa seedling number equaled that in water. However, seedling growth varied with incubation temperatures.Treatment of quackgrass with glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine] in the greenhouse did not influence the toxicity of decaying quackgrass leaves. The highest toxic effect was noted after 1 week of decay on the soil surface.

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Effect of Prunus serotina Ehrh. Volatile Compounds on Germination and Seedling Growth of Pinus sylvestris L.

Forests ◽

10.3390/f12070846 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (7) ◽

pp. 846

Author(s):

Aleksandra Halarewicz ◽

Antoni Szumny ◽

Paulina Bączek

Keyword(s):

Pinus Sylvestris ◽

Volatile Compounds ◽

Scots Pine ◽

Prunus Serotina ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Volatile Fraction ◽

Black Cherry ◽

Allelopathic Potential ◽

Pine Seedlings ◽

Phytotoxic Effect

In temperate European forests invaded by Prunus serotina Ehrh. (black cherry), a reduction in the spontaneous regeneration capacity of Pinus sylvestris L. (Scots pine) is observed. It could be caused by various factors, including allelopathic properties of this invasive plant. In this study the phytotoxic effect of P. serotina volatile compounds on P. sylvestris and the seasonal variation in this effect were assessed. Simple assays showed that volatiles emitted from P. serotina leaves significantly inhibited root growth of P. sylvestris seedlings. Their negative effect on stem growth was much weaker. The strongest phytotoxic effect on Scots pine seedlings was caused by the volatiles emitted from the youngest black cherry leaves. In fresh foliage of P. serotina, nineteen volatile organic compounds were identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The dominant compound was benzaldehyde. On the basis of tests of linalool alone, it was found that this monoterpene present in the volatile fraction has a strong allelopathic potential and inhibits germination, root elongation and shoot elongation of pine seedlings. The results of our research suggest that volatile compounds from P. serotina leaves could limited survival of P. sylvestris individuals in the seedling phase.

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Gasification of Cup Plant (Silphium perfoliatum L.) Biomass–Energy Recovery and Environmental Impacts

Energies ◽

10.3390/en13184960 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (18) ◽

pp. 4960

Author(s):

Adam Koniuszy ◽

Małgorzata Hawrot-Paw ◽

Cezary Podsiadło ◽

Paweł Sędłak ◽

Ewa Możdżer

Keyword(s):

Environmental Impacts ◽

Root Elongation ◽

Biomass Yield ◽

Plant Biomass ◽

Liquid Waste ◽

Calorific Value ◽

Biomass Energy ◽

Potential Hazard ◽

Gas Generator ◽

Phytotoxic Effect

Biomass from cup plant (Silphium perfoliatum L.) is considered a renewable energy source that can be converted into alternative fuel. Calorific syngas, a promising type of advanced fuel, can be produced through thermochemical biomass gasification. In this study, the suitability of cup plant biomass for gasification was assessed, including the process energy balance and environmental impacts of waste from syngas purification. Silphium perfoliatum L. was cultivated as a gasification feedstock in different conditions (irrigation, fertilization). The experiments were performed in a membrane gasifier. All obtained energy parameters were compared to the biomass yield per hectare. The toxic effects of liquid waste were assessed using tests analyzing germination/seed root elongation of Sinapsis alba. Leachates collected from condensation tanks of a gas generator were introduced to soil at the following doses: 100, 1000 and 10,000 mg kg−1 DM of soil. The usefulness of Silphium perfoliatum L. for gasification was confirmed. The factors of plant cultivation affected the biomass yield, the volume and calorific value of syngas and the amount of biochar. It was determined that the components found in condensates demonstrate a phytotoxic effect, restricting or inhibiting germination and root elongation of Sinapsis alba. Due to this potential hazard, the possibility of its release to the environment should be limited. Most of the biomass is only used for heating purposes, but the syngas obtained from the cup plant can be used to power cogeneration systems, which, apart from heat, also generate electricity.

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Screening of 20 Pantanal Wetland Plants for Anti-Candida Activity using HPLC-DAD-MS/MS and Bioautography to Characterize Active Compounds

Planta Medica International Open ◽

10.1055/a-1494-1117 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (03) ◽

pp. e96-e103

Author(s):

Daniela Z. de Brito ◽

Nadla S. Cassemiro ◽

Jeana M. E. de Souza ◽

Geraldo A. Damasceno-Junior ◽

Rodrigo J. Oliveira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Active Compounds ◽

Antifungal Potential ◽

Sesbania Virgata ◽

Etoac Fraction ◽

Pharmacological Potential ◽

Rich Flora ◽

Brazilian Pantanal ◽

Podophyllotoxin Derivatives ◽

Pantanal Wetland

AbstractThe Pantanal wetland harbors a rich flora with uncharted pharmacological potential. This study evaluated 20 Brazilian Pantanal plants against Candida albicans, C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis, and C. krusei. Fungal susceptibility was determined by agar diffusion and broth microdilution; active compounds were identified by bioautography and HPLC-DAD-MS/MS. Sesbania virgata, Polygala molluginifolia, and Cantinoa mutabilis extracts and their chloroform and ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fractions exhibited the best activity against all Candida species tested. The EtOAc fraction of P. molluginifolia proved to be more efficient in inhibiting C. parapsilosis and C. krusei growth (Minimum inhibitory concentration of 125 and 62.5 μg/mL, respectively). Bioautography of this fraction revealed two active bands, characterized by HPLC-DAD-MS/MS as a mixture of podophyllotoxin derivatives blumenol, besides some flavonoids. This work demonstrated antifungal potential of P. molluginifolia podophyllotoxin derivatives and the versatility of bioautography with HPLC-DAD-MS/MS to identify the bioactive compounds.

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