scholarly journals Gasification of Cup Plant (Silphium perfoliatum L.) Biomass–Energy Recovery and Environmental Impacts

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 4960
Author(s):  
Adam Koniuszy ◽  
Małgorzata Hawrot-Paw ◽  
Cezary Podsiadło ◽  
Paweł Sędłak ◽  
Ewa Możdżer
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Root Elongation ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Potential Hazard ◽  
Gas Generator ◽  
Phytotoxic Effect

Biomass from cup plant (Silphium perfoliatum L.) is considered a renewable energy source that can be converted into alternative fuel. Calorific syngas, a promising type of advanced fuel, can be produced through thermochemical biomass gasification. In this study, the suitability of cup plant biomass for gasification was assessed, including the process energy balance and environmental impacts of waste from syngas purification. Silphium perfoliatum L. was cultivated as a gasification feedstock in different conditions (irrigation, fertilization). The experiments were performed in a membrane gasifier. All obtained energy parameters were compared to the biomass yield per hectare. The toxic effects of liquid waste were assessed using tests analyzing germination/seed root elongation of Sinapsis alba. Leachates collected from condensation tanks of a gas generator were introduced to soil at the following doses: 100, 1000 and 10,000 mg kg−1 DM of soil. The usefulness of Silphium perfoliatum L. for gasification was confirmed. The factors of plant cultivation affected the biomass yield, the volume and calorific value of syngas and the amount of biochar. It was determined that the components found in condensates demonstrate a phytotoxic effect, restricting or inhibiting germination and root elongation of Sinapsis alba. Due to this potential hazard, the possibility of its release to the environment should be limited. Most of the biomass is only used for heating purposes, but the syngas obtained from the cup plant can be used to power cogeneration systems, which, apart from heat, also generate electricity.

scholarly journals Biodegradation of Hemicellulose-Cellulose-Starch-Based Bioplastics and Microbial Polyesters

Recycling ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Mateus Manabu Abe ◽  
Marcia Cristina Branciforti ◽  
Michel Brienzo
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Consumption Pattern ◽  
Decomposition Rates ◽  
Natural Plant ◽  
Final Disposition

The volume of discarded solid wastes, especially plastic, which accumulates in large quantities in different environments, has substantially increased. Population growth and the consumption pattern of societies associated with unsustainable production routes have caused the pollution level to increase. Therefore, the development of materials that help mitigate the impacts of plastics is fundamental. However, bioplastics can result in a misunderstanding about their properties and environmental impacts, as well as incorrect management of their final disposition, from misidentifications and classifications. This chapter addresses the aspects and factors surrounding the biodegradation of bioplastics from natural (plant biomass (starch, lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose, and starch) and bacterial polyester polymers. Therefore, the biodegradation of bioplastics is a factor that must be studied, because due to the increase in the production of different bioplastics, they may present differences in the decomposition rates.

scholarly journals DETERMINAÇÃO DAS PROPRIEDADES ENERGÉTICAS DA MADEIRA E DO CARVÃO VEGETAL PRODUZIDO A PARTIR DE Eucalyptus benthamii

FLORESTA ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Letícia Nones ◽  
Martha Andreia Brand ◽  
Alexsandro Bayestorff Da Cunha ◽  
Adriel Furtado De Carvalho ◽  
Solange Maria Krug Weise
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Energetic Properties ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
End Use ◽  
Immediate Analysis ◽  
Old Trees ◽  
Volumetric Yield

Este trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar energeticamente a madeira e o carvão vegetal obtidos a partir da espécie Eucalyptus benthamii Maiden & Cambage para duas diferentes idades, 5 e 13 anos. Para a madeira de cada idade, foram confeccionados 48 corpos de prova, com aproximadamente 2 x 2 x 2 cm, que foram utilizados para determinação da massa específica, poder calorífico superior, análise química imediata e carbonização. Após a carbonização, as propriedades energéticas do carvão vegetal foram avaliadas a partir da massa específica aparente, rendimento gravimétrico e volumétrico, poder calorífico superior e análise química imediata. Tanto para a madeira quanto para o carvão vegetal houve influência da idade. A madeira com 13 anos apresentou maior massa específica básica e maior poder calorífico. Porém as diferenças nas propriedades físicas e energéticas da madeira das duas idades não justificam a manutenção da floresta até os 13 anos de idade, quando seu uso final é a geração de energia na forma de carvão. Em relação ao carvão, aquele produzido com madeira de 13 anos apresentou maior rendimento, enquanto o carvão vegetal de 5 anos apresentou melhor qualidade final para uso energético.Palavras-chave: Energia de biomassa; propriedades energéticas; eucalipto. AbstractDetermination of energetic properties of wood and charcoal produced from Eucalyptus benthamii. This research aimed to characterize the energetic properties of wood and charcoal obtained from Eucalyptus benthamii for two different ages, 5 and 13 years. For each timber age, we prepared 48 specimens, approximately 2 x 2 x 2 cm, used to determine specific gravity, calorific value, immediate analysis and carbonization. After carbonization, we evaluated the energetic properties of the charcoal in relation to density, gravimetric and volumetric yield, calorific value and immediate chemical analysis. As the wood as charcoal were influenced by age. The 13 years old timber revealed higher specific gravity and higher calorific value. However, the differences in the physical and energetic properties of the wood of the two ages do not justify maintaining the forest until the age of 13, as its end use is generation of energy as coal. The charcoal produced from 13 years old trees had the highest yield, while the charcoal from 5 years old trees had better quality to energy usage.Keywords: Biomass energy; energy properties; Eucalyptus.

Cone Penetration Testing of Radiologically Contaminated Burial Trenches

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gareth Walker ◽  
Nick Jefferies ◽  
Matt Lennard ◽  
Jeremy Lightfoot
Keyword(s):  
Detection System ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Site Investigation ◽  
Potential Hazard ◽  
Cone Penetration ◽  
Penetration Testing ◽  
Cone Penetration Testing ◽  
Geophysical Surveys ◽  
Investigation Technique ◽  
The Uk

Golder Associates (UK) Ltd, in partnership with Serco Assurance (Serco), undertook targeted cone penetration testing (CPT) of a series of six parallel on-site burial trenches on a nuclear licensed site in the UK. The form and concentration of radioactive and chemical material within the trenches is unknown. CPT was used to confirm the location of the bund walls and to characterise the material within the trenches. The CPT technique involves hydraulically pushing rods fitted with specialist characterisation “cones” into the ground. CPT generates no solid or liquid waste, and allowed rapid investigation of the trenches and bunds while ensuring exposure of radiation and contamination to workers was kept to a minimum, or removed in entirety. As a result of the unknown nature of radiological contamination within the trenches and the potential of introducing contamination into the inside of the CPT truck, a purpose-built extraction rig was constructed to withdraw the CPT equipment from the ground. Extraction of the equipment assumed airborne radioactive contamination was a potential hazard. The CPT locations selected for the investigation were based on non-intrusive geophysical survey work and a radiation survey, which identified the approximate location of the trenches, anomalies within the material (e.g. metallic objects), and radiation hotspots. The results of the geophysical surveys were overlaid with the original as-built drawings of the trenches. During the investigation the following investigation cones were deployed: • Resistance/friction cone, which determines geology through measurement of the friction on the sleeve of the cone and resistance on the tip of the cone; this was used to investigate the geology of the bunds. • Total gamma cone, which was used to obtain total gamma radiation results (in counts per second); • Groundwater sampler (BAT Sampler™), which was used to obtain a water sample from beneath the trenches; • Video cone, which was used to obtain a visual recording of the material within the trenches; and • Conductivity cone, which was used to investigate the presence of and depth to bodies of water below ground level (e.g. perched water, regional groundwater). The investigation collected essential data from an area of the site that had not previously been investigated, while minimising potential radiological exposure to all workers, and producing no investigation-derived waste. The investigation therefore confirmed the efficacy of cone penetration testing as a valid site investigation technique in a high hazard area. The data acquired from the CPT investigation and geophysical investigation also allowed boreholes to be sited in the bund walls between the trenches. Siting of the boreholes was a major risk for the project and presented a significant potential hazard. Golder has successfully used CPT on nuclear sites in the UK: as an innovative site investigation technique to facilitate radiological characterisation of an area with variable ground conditions; to investigate organic solvent plumes; and for the installation of blind tubes as a way of conducting subsurface radiation surveys and as part of a leak detection system (work in progress in partnership with Serco).

scholarly journals Influence of biopreparations on biomass yield and grain efficiency of energy corn

2020 ◽  
Vol 154 ◽  
pp. 01008
Author(s):  
Zoya Pustova ◽  
Natalia Pustova ◽  
Serhii Komarnitskyi ◽  
Oleg Tkach ◽  
Stepan Zamoiskyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Renewable Energy Source ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Corn Production ◽  
Current State

The possibilities of using resources of the plant biomass as an effective renewable energy source are analyzed. The issues of the current state of corn for grain production, peculiarities of its cultivation and the possibility of using agrarian residues in corn production to produce energy are considered in the study.

scholarly journals Potential Phytotoxic Effect of Essential Oil of Non-Native Species Impatiens parviflora DC.

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Jurová ◽  
Martina Matoušková ◽  
Anna Wajs-Bonikowska ◽  
Danuta Kalemba ◽  
Marek Renčo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Root Elongation ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Main Compound ◽  
Impatiens Parviflora ◽  
Phytotoxic Effect ◽  
Dicot Species

Impatiens parviflora is non-native invasive plant species occupying large areas all over the Europe and threatens native communities by altering their species composition and reducing native biodiversity. The factor responsible for its spreading could be explained by releasing biochemical to the environment. On the other hands, high demand on secondary metabolites as potential source of new ecofriendly biocides could be beneficial. The analysis of I. parviflora essential oil (EO) led us to identify more than 60 volatiles. The main compound was hexahydrofarnesyl acetone, other dominant components were phytol, carvacrol, germacra-4(15),5,10(14)-trien-1-α-ol, and pentacosane. The potential phytotoxic effect of I. parviflora EO collected in two vegetation periods (summer and autumn) was evaluated on seed germination and root elongation of three dicot species (Raphanus sativus, Lepidum sativum, and Lactuca sativa) and on one monocot species (Triticum aestivum). The seed germination of only one dicot species, L. sativa, was affected by both EOs. In contrast, seed germination of monocot species T. aestivum was influenced only by the highest doses of EOs isolated from I. parviflora in autumn. The root elongation of tested plant species was less influenced by I. parviflora EOs. L. sativum showed sensitivity to one dose of EOs hydrodistilled in summer, while the monocot species was influenced by both EOs samples in highest doses. Our findings revealed that I. parviflora contained phenolics that were phytotoxic to the germination of some plant species, mainly at higher EOs doses, while root elongation of tested plants was not suppressed by essential oils.

Biomass Production of Switchgrass in Saline-Alkali Land

2014 ◽  
Vol 1008-1009 ◽  
pp. 93-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Li Liu ◽  
Na Wu
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Ethanol Yield ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Fuel Quality ◽  
Alkali Stress ◽  
Theoretical Ethanol Yield ◽  
Biomass Increase

A field experiment was carried out to study the growth characteristics of switchgrass cultivated in saline-alkali lands. The results show that: the survival rate, plant height, tiller numbers per plant and biomass yield of switchgrass significantly reduce with the increasing magnitude of salinity-alkalinity stresses. Switchgrass can grow in saline-alkali environments, the survival rate is more than 85%, and the overwintering rate is more than 95%. Switchgrass plants grow better in mild and moderate saline-alkali lands, and it achieve the highest biomass yield and theoretical ethanol yield of 14.3 t/ha and 5958.8 l/ha respectively, in the third year. With saline-alkali stress, ash and lignin content of switchgrass biomass increase, calorific value, cellulose and hemicelluloses content of switchgrass biomass decrease, and fuel quality of switchgrass biomass reduce to a certain extent.

Morphological and physiological traits influencing biomass productivity in short-rotation coppice poplar

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 1488-1498 ◽  
Author(s):  
A M Rae ◽  
K M Robinson ◽  
N R Street ◽  
G Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Hybrid Poplar ◽  
Biomass Productivity ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Short Rotation Coppice ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Basal Diameter ◽  
Short Rotation

Fast-growing hybrid poplar (Populus spp.) have potential as a short-rotation coppice crop grown for biomass energy. This work identifies traits for fast growth studied in an American interspecific pedigree derived from Populus trichocarpa Torr. & A. Gray × Populus deltoides Marsh. grown in the United Kingdom for the first time. The biomass yield after the first coppice rotation was estimated to range from 0.04 to 23.68 oven-dried t·ha–1·year–1. This great range suggests that genotypes from this pedigree may be used to understand the genetic basis of high yield in short-rotation coppice, which would be advantageous for informing breeding programs for biomass crops. Relationships between stem, leaf, cell traits, and biomass yield were investigated. Partial least-squares analysis was used to order the traits by importance. The traits most influential on biomass were maximum stem height throughout the growing season, basal diameter, number of stems, and number of sylleptic branches, which showed high heritability, indicating excellent potential for breeding programs. The leaf traits, leaf area, number of leaves on the leading stem, and plastochron index were also associated with an increase in biomass, leading to a better understanding of this trait.

scholarly journals Comparison Of Energy Sources Grown On Agricultural Land

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuzana Jureková ◽  
Dušan Húska ◽  
Marián Kotrla ◽  
Martin Prčík ◽  
Martin Hauptvogl
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Statistical Dependence ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Miscanthus Sinensis ◽  
Energy Value ◽  
Growing Period

Abstract The aim of the paper is to compare biomass production of energy plants and selected crops grown on arable land in the south-western Slovakia in 2007–2014, its energy value and the influence of decisive climatic factors on the size of the production. The data on yields of dominant crops grown in the agricultural farm were obtained from the statistical data of the farm. Aboveground biomass of willows and poplars was harvested at the end of the harvest cycle. Aboveground biomass of Miscanthus sinensis was harvested in 2010–2014, always in early spring period of the following year. Winter wheat, spring barley and maize grown for silage during the period 2007–2014 provided the lowest yields in 2010 and the highest in 2011 and 2014. The highest energy value was obtained from maize in 2014 (400.66 GJ ha−1). The short rotation coppice poplars of Italian provenance yielded biomass with energy value of 951.68 GJ ha−1 year−1 at the end of the first three-year harvest cycle in 2012. The analysis of variance confirmed that there are highly significant statistical differences in the poplar biomass yield among the varieties and individual experimental years. The fast growing willows of Swedish provenance provided aboveground biomass energy value of 868.88 GJ ha−1 year−1 at the end of the first four-year harvest cycle in 2011. The biomass production of the perennial grass Miscanthus sinensis, depending on the growing period, can be expressed by a polynomial trend function. The highest biomass production was obtained in the third growing period (2012). At the end of the fifth growing period (2014), the yield amounted to 28.60 t ha−1 of the dry aboveground biomass. The energy value of the aboveground biomass of Miscanthus reached 486.20 GJ ha−1 in 2014. Differences in the biomass yield of the Miscanthus genotypes are statistically highly significant in each of the monitored growing periods. The growth and production process of the selected energy species reflect the specificities of soil and climatic conditions of the individual growing periods, as well as the ability of individual species and varieties to provide biomass production in the given conditions. Regression analysis of the produced aboveground biomass of the crops grown in the Kolíňany cadastre has not confirmed a statistical dependence in selected climatic parameterss.

scholarly journals Potential energy of plant biomass: banana, coconut, cacao and corn

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-20
Author(s):  
Genial Belvine Epeni Tombo ◽  
Edison Cedeño Zambrano ◽  
Jair Loor Barreiro ◽  
Jordi Medranda Posligua
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Potential Energy ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Energy Potential

In this document, a study was carried out on the energy potential of plant biomass in the Portoviejo canton, since climate change is not a utopia, but the reality. Throughout this study, an overview of the capacity in biomass at the national, provincial and cantonal level (Portoviejo) was presented, a study on the culture of banana, cocoa, coconut, and corn was made since it is important to know if the canton can respond to the biomass demand of the selected plants. Then the socio-economic and environmental impacts were analyzed in a general way.

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