Altered voxel-wise gray matter structural brain networks in schizophrenia: Association with brain genetic expression pattern

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 493-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Liu ◽  
Hongjun Tian ◽  
Jie Li ◽  
Shen Li ◽  
Chuanjun Zhuo
Keyword(s):  
Expression Pattern ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Brain Networks ◽  
Genetic Expression ◽  
Structural Brain

scholarly journals Association between age of cannabis initiation and gray matter covariance networks in recent onset psychosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nora Penzel ◽  
◽  
Linda A. Antonucci ◽  
Linda T. Betz ◽  
Rachele Sanfelici ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gray Matter ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Brain Networks ◽  
Developmental Trajectory ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Brain Maturation ◽  
Confounding Factors ◽  
Recent Onset ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Structural Brain

AbstractCannabis use during adolescence is associated with an increased risk of developing psychosis. According to a current hypothesis, this results from detrimental effects of early cannabis use on brain maturation during this vulnerable period. However, studies investigating the interaction between early cannabis use and brain structural alterations hitherto reported inconclusive findings. We investigated effects of age of cannabis initiation on psychosis using data from the multicentric Personalized Prognostic Tools for Early Psychosis Management (PRONIA) and the Cannabis Induced Psychosis (CIP) studies, yielding a total sample of 102 clinically-relevant cannabis users with recent onset psychosis. GM covariance underlies shared maturational processes. Therefore, we performed source-based morphometry analysis with spatial constraints on structural brain networks showing significant alterations in schizophrenia in a previous multisite study, thus testing associations of these networks with the age of cannabis initiation and with confounding factors. Earlier cannabis initiation was associated with more severe positive symptoms in our cohort. Greater gray matter volume (GMV) in the previously identified cerebellar schizophrenia-related network had a significant association with early cannabis use, independent of several possibly confounding factors. Moreover, GMV in the cerebellar network was associated with lower volume in another network previously associated with schizophrenia, comprising the insula, superior temporal, and inferior frontal gyrus. These findings are in line with previous investigations in healthy cannabis users, and suggest that early initiation of cannabis perturbs the developmental trajectory of certain structural brain networks in a manner imparting risk for psychosis later in life.

Aberrant topographical organization in gray matter structural network in late life depression: a graph theoretical analysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 1929-1940 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyun Kook Lim ◽  
Won Sang Jung ◽  
Howard J Aizenstein
Keyword(s):  
Gray Matter ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Brain Networks ◽  
Small World ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Clustering Coefficient ◽  
Cingulate Gyrus ◽  
Late Life Depression ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Structural Brain

ABSTRACTBackground:Although previous studies on late life depression (LLD) have shown morphological abnormalities in frontal–striatal–temporal areas, alterations in coordinated patterns of structural brain networks in LLD are still poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate differences in gray matter structural brain network between LLD and healthy controls.Methods:We used gray matter volume measurement from magnetic resonance imaging to investigate large-scale structural brain networks in 37 LLD patients and 40 normal controls. Brain networks were constructed by thresholding gray matter volume correlation matrices of 90 regions and analyzed using graph theoretical approaches.Results:Although both LLD and control groups showed a small-world organization of group networks, there were no differences in the clustering coefficient, the path length, and the small-world index across a wide range of network density. Compared with controls, LLD patients showed decreased nodal betweenness in the medial orbitofrontal and angular gyrus regions. In addition, LLD patients showed hub regions in superior temporal gyrus and middle cingulate gyrus, and putamen. On the other hand, the control group showed hub regions in the medial orbitofrontal gyrus, middle cingulate gyrus, and cuneus.Conclusion:Our findings suggest that the gray matter structural networks are not globally but regionally altered in LLD patients. This multivariate structural analysis using graph theory might provide a more appropriate paradigm for understanding complicated neurobiological mechanism of LLD.

scholarly journals Gray-Matter Expansion of Social Brain Networks in Individuals High in Public Self-Consciousness

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 374
Author(s):  
Tomoyo Morita ◽  
Minoru Asada ◽  
Eiichi Naito
Keyword(s):  
Gray Matter ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Brain Networks ◽  
Japanese Version ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
The Self ◽  
Social Brain ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Public Self Consciousness

Self-consciousness is a personality trait associated with an individual’s concern regarding observable (public) and unobservable (private) aspects of self. Prompted by previous functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies, we examined possible gray-matter expansions in emotion-related and default mode networks in individuals with higher public or private self-consciousness. One hundred healthy young adults answered the Japanese version of the Self-Consciousness Scale (SCS) questionnaire and underwent structural MRI. A voxel-based morphometry analysis revealed that individuals scoring higher on the public SCS showed expansions of gray matter in the emotion-related regions of the cingulate and insular cortices and in the default mode network of the precuneus and medial prefrontal cortex. In addition, these gray-matter expansions were particularly related to the trait of “concern about being evaluated by others”, which was one of the subfactors constituting public self-consciousness. Conversely, no relationship was observed between gray-matter volume in any brain regions and the private SCS scores. This is the first study showing that the personal trait of concern regarding public aspects of the self may cause long-term substantial structural changes in social brain networks.

scholarly journals Intergenerational transmission of the patterns of functional and structural brain networks

iScience ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 102708
Author(s):  
Yu Takagi ◽  
Naohiro Okada ◽  
Shuntaro Ando ◽  
Noriaki Yahata ◽  
Kentaro Morita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intergenerational Transmission ◽  
Brain Networks ◽  
Structural Brain

scholarly journals Conditioned fear reactions are associated with gray matter density but not cortical microstructure

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Fraenz ◽  
Dorothea Metzen ◽  
Christian J. Merz ◽  
Helene Selpien ◽  
Nikolai Axmacher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gray Matter ◽  
Conditioned Fear ◽  
Brain Networks ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Matter Density ◽  
Fear Learning ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Fear Reaction ◽  
Gray Matter Density ◽  
Diffusion Weighted Images

AbstractResearch has shown that fear acquisition, in reaction to potentially harmful stimuli or situations, is characterized by pronounced interindividual differences. It is likely that such differences are evoked by variability in the macro- and microstructural properties of brain regions involved in the processing of threat or safety signals from the environment. Indeed, previous studies have shown that the strength of conditioned fear reactions is associated with the cortical thickness or volume of various brain regions. However, respective studies were exclusively targeted at single brain regions instead of whole brain networks. Here, we tested 60 young and healthy individuals in a differential fear conditioning paradigm while they underwent fMRI scanning. In addition, we acquired T1-weighted and multi-shell diffusion-weighted images prior to testing. We used task-based fMRI data to define global brain networks which exhibited increased BOLD responses towards CS+ or CS- presentations, respectively. From these networks, we obtained mean values of gray matter density, neurite density, and neurite orientation dispersion. We found that mean gray matter density averaged across the CS+ network was significantly correlated with the strength of conditioned fear reactions quantified via skin conductance response. Measures of neurite architecture were not associated with conditioned fear reaction in any of the two networks. Our results extend previous findings on the relationship between brain morphometry and fear learning. Most importantly, our study is the first to introduce neurite imaging to fear learning research and discusses how its implementation can be improved in future research.

scholarly journals Altered Structural Brain Networks in Tuberous Sclerosis Complex

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 2046-2058 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiho Im ◽  
Banu Ahtam ◽  
Daniel Haehn ◽  
Jurriaan M. Peters ◽  
Simon K. Warfield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tuberous Sclerosis ◽  
Tuberous Sclerosis Complex ◽  
Brain Networks ◽  
Structural Brain

scholarly journals Functional and structural brain networks in epilepsy: What have we learned?

Epilepsia ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 54 (11) ◽  
pp. 1855-1865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric van Diessen ◽  
Sander J. H. Diederen ◽  
Kees P. J. Braun ◽  
Floor E. Jansen ◽  
Cornelis J. Stam
Keyword(s):  
Brain Networks ◽  
Structural Brain
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