Comparison of KAtex, Bone Marrow Aspiration and DAT for the Diagnosis of Visceral Leishmaniasis

Background: Newly developed KAtex test can be used as a non invasive tool for diagnosis of Kala-azar. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to compare KAtex, Bone marrow aspiration and DAT to diagnose VL. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Microbiology at Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh in collaboration with the Department of Parasitology, Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research (IEDCR), Dhaka, Bangladesh for a period of one year. Clinically suspected Kala-azar (VL) cases of different age and sex attending IEDCR, Dhaka from different Kala-azar endemic areas of Bangladesh were selected for this study. Patients having fever for more than 2 weeks, with or without splenomegaly, having history of loss of body weight following onset of fever were clinically suspected as Kala-azar cases. Microscopy and culture was performed in bone marrow (BM). KAtex was performed with urine sample. Agglutination of sensitized latex indicated presence of Leishmania donovani antigen in urine and thereby visceral leishmaniasis. No agglutination indicates absence of antigen in urine. DAT was done with serums of all cases. Result: Among 130 clinically suspected VL cases, 70 (53.85%) cases were BM positive and 60(46.15%) cases were BM negative. All the 70 BM positive cases were positive by KAtex and DAT. Among 60 BM negative cases, 15 were positive by KAtex and 23 were positive by DAT. The sensitivity of KAtex was 100.0% and specificity was 75.0%. The sensitivity of DAT was 100.0% and specificity is 61.6%. Conclusion: In conclusion, KAtex test is a good diagnostic tool for the detection of VL in comparison with DAT. Bangladesh Journal of Infectious Diseases, June 2019;6(1):12-15

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Validity of Katex Test for Diagnosis of Visceral Leishmaniasis

Bangladesh Journal of Infectious Diseases ◽

10.3329/bjid.v4i2.37686 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 45-47

Author(s):

Ishrat Sharmin ◽

AKM Quamruzzaman ◽

Rezina Parveen ◽

Rashida Akter Khanam ◽

Md Abdullah Yusuf

Keyword(s):

Bone Marrow ◽

Urine Sample ◽

Leishmania Donovani ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Carbohydrate Antigen ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Medical College ◽

Kala Azar ◽

Heat Stable ◽

One Year

Background: Newly developed KAtex test can be used as a non invasive tool for diagnosis of Kala-azar.Objectives: The aim of the present study was to validate the KAtex method to diagnose VL.Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study carried out in the Department of Microbiology at Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh in collaboration with the department of Parasitology at Institute of Epidemiology, Disease control and Research (IEDCR), Dhaka, Bangladesh for a period of one year. Clinically suspected Kala- azar (VL) cases of different age and sex attending IEDCR from different Kala-azar endemic areas of Bangladesh were selected for this study. Microscopy and culture was performed with Bone marrow (BM). KAtex was performed with urine sample. Urine samples taken from cases were pretreated to inactivate heat labile materials which might cause a false positive reaction. Antigen which is detected by KAtex is heat stable carbohydrate antigen. Latex sensitized with antibodies raised against Leishmania donovani antigen was mixed with the urine sample on a glass slide. No agglutination indicates absence of antigen in urine.Result: Cases were 130. Among 130 clinically suspected VL cases, 70 (53.85%) cases were BM positive and 60 (46.15%) cases were BM negative. All the 70 BM positive cases were positive by KAtex. Among 60 BM negative cases, 15 were positive by KAtex. The sensitivity of KAtex is 100% and specificity is 75%. Highest percentage (52.86%) of bone marrow positive cases were below 10 years of age group.Conclusion: In conclusion, KAtex test is a good diagnostic tool for the detection of VL.Bangladesh Journal of Infectious Diseases, December 2017;4(2):45-47

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Clinical and Infective Outcome of Parasitologicaly Confirmed Kala-Azar Patients Treated with Sodium Antimony Gluconate

Journal of Medicine ◽

10.3329/jom.v11i1.4261 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 12-16

Author(s):

Quazi Tarikul Islam ◽

Ahasan Habib ◽

Azizul Haque Azad ◽

HAM Nazmul Ahasan ◽

Md Mahmudur Rahman Siddiqui ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Marrow ◽

Leishmania Donovani ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Bone Marrow Aspiration ◽

Sand Fly ◽

College Hospital ◽

Female Ratio ◽

Medical College ◽

Kala Azar ◽

Sodium Antimony Gluconate

A total of fifty consecutive cases of Kala-azar admitted in the medicine units of Rajshahi Medical College Hospital during the period from February 2006 to October 2006 were included in this study. The number of the patients clearly indicates that the burden of Kala-azar in this region is significant and expanding. Male to female ratio was 1.9:1. Fever (96%) and splenomegaly (100%) were the predominant features. Hepatomegaly was found in 82% of the cases. Other clinical manifestations were Hyperpigmentation (76%), weight loss (62%), pallor (60%), jaundice (10%), oedema (10%), cough (6%) and lymphadenopathy (4%). Fever of 75% cases subsided within one week of starting treatment. Weight of 89.6% cases increased after completion of treatment. After completion of treatment spleen size regressed in 95.8% cases and no LD (Leishmania donovani) body was seen in 46 (92%) patients splenic / bone marrow aspiration after completion of treatment. 2 (4%) patients remain LD body positive after completion of treatment and 2 (4%) patients died during treatment. Still sodium antimony gluconate (SAG) is very effective in the clinical and parasitologicaly confirmed Kala-azar patients. A combination of sand fly control, early detection and treatment of the patients is the best approach for controlling Kala-azar. Keyword: Kala-azar, Sodium Stibogluconate, LD (Leishmania donovani) body, splenic or bone marrow aspiration. DOI:10.3329/jom.v11i1.4261 J Medicine 2010: 11: 12-16

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Megakaryocytic alterations in thrombocytopenia: A bone marrow aspiration study

Journal of Pathology of Nepal ◽

10.3126/jpn.v6i11.15673 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (11) ◽

pp. 914-921

Author(s):

S Pokharel ◽

P Upadhyaya ◽

S Karki ◽

P Paudyal ◽

B Pradhan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Marrow ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Bone Marrow Aspiration ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

P Value ◽

Microsoft Excel ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Common ◽

One Year

Background: Megakaryocyte morphology plays an important role in thrombopoiesis. A defect in any stage of megakaryocytopoiesis can lead to dysmegakaryocytopoiesis and thrombocytopenia. This study was conducted to understand megakaryocytic alterations and their contribution in the diagnosis of cases of thrombocytopenia.Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study was conducted on all consecutive cases of bone marrow aspirates of thrombocytopenia over a duration of one year in BPKIHS. Megakaryocyte morphology was studied with a 100X objective. Data were entered into Microsoft excel 10 and analysed with SPSS version 11.5. Descriptive statistics charted and Chi-square tests were done for inferential statistics to find any association at 95% Confidence Interval.Results: Among the 38 subjects, megakaryocytic thrombocytopenia (44.7%) was the most common cause of thrombocytopenia. Hypolobated megakaryocytes (63.2%), bare megakaryocytic nuclei (57.9%) were the common morphological changes in megakaryocytes. Odds of increased megakaryocyte count in megakaryocytic thrombocytopenia was found to be 12.5 times than for other causes of thrombocytopenia and the presence of bare megakaryocytic nuclei in MTP was statistically significant. (p –value<0.05)Conclusion: Many similarities were observed in megakaryocytic morphology among different hematological diseases. However, increased megakaryocyte count and presence of bare megakaryocytic nuclei, hypolobated forms were significant in megakaryocytic thrombocytopenia.

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Hospital Based Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 and Clinico-Demographic Profile of COVID-19 Patients: A Study from a Tertiary Care Hospital of North India

Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research ◽

10.9734/jammr/2021/v33i1430979 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 126-136

Author(s):

Anjum Farhana ◽

Shoaib Khan ◽

Reyaz Khan ◽

Umara Amin

Keyword(s):

Severe Disease ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

North India ◽

Common Symptom ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Medical College ◽

History Of ◽

One Year

Aims: To find out the prevalence, predominant risk factors and various clinico-demographic variables among patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 during the first year of the pandemic. Study Design: Hospital based, cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Postgraduate department of Microbiology, Government Medical College, Srinagar, and associated hospitals, between March 2020 and March 2021. Methodology: Individuals with acute respiratory infection (ILI and SARI), high risk contacts and asymptomatic close contacts of COVID-19 positive patients, hospitalized patients dated for surgeries, pregnant women near expected date of deliveries, travellers were screened. A confirmed case of Covid-19 was defined as a positive result on real-time RT-PCR assay of nasopharyngeal and or Oropharyngeal swab specimens. A total of 2,17,665 samples were collected and processed over a period of one year. Results: Out of 2,17,665 samples, 61.3% were males and 38.7% were females, overall mean age was 34.3 years. 24,009 (11%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection, among them 63.5% were males while 36.5% were females, the mean age observed was 35.3 years. Highest positivity was observed in the age group of 30 – 39 years (22%), followed by 20 -29 years (20.4%), 12 (0.1%). Among positive cases, 19.4% had a history of contact with a lab confirmed case of SARS-CoV-2, 4.3% were HCW’s and 2.6% were pregnant females. 929 (3.9%) patients who tested positive had presented with SARI. Fever was the most common symptom (62%), followed by cough (41%) and fatigue was reported by 37% patients. Comorbidities were present in 23.2% patients, of which Hypertension 10.8% was the most common, followed by COPD 4.9% and Diabetes mellitus 4%. Conclusion: As evident from our study, COVID-19 has a high positivity (11%) in our region, with males twice more likely susceptible than females. High percentages (62%) of people were symptomatic at presentation, while severe disease was seen in only 3.9% patients. Early aggressive testing is essential to decrease the morbidity and mortality rates associated with COVID-19.

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A clinico-epidemiological study of melasma

International Journal of Research in Dermatology ◽

10.18203/issn.2455-4529.intjresdermatol20184457 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 539

Author(s):

Akshy Kumar ◽

Mukul Sharma

Keyword(s):

Positive Family History ◽

Sun Exposure ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Age Group ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Oral Contraceptive Pills ◽

Medical College ◽

Contraceptive Pills ◽

History Of ◽

One Year

Background: Melasma is an acquired increased pigmentation of the skin, characterized by gray-brown symmetrical patches, mostly in the sun-exposed areas of the skin.Methods: The proposed study is an epidemiological cross sectional study which was carried out in the department of dermatology in a teaching institute from October 2007 to September 2008 at Pramukh Swami Medical College, Karamsad, Gujarat. A total of 60 patients were enrolled for the study over a period of one year.Results: The main age group affected was 30-39 years i.e. 48.33% patients. 50 patients were females.18 patients had a positive family history of melasma. 12 patients had a positive history of using OC Pills. Malar region was the commonest affected area found in 52 patients followed by Centro-facial in 31 and least involvement was seen in forehead region in 24 patients. 20 patients reported association of occurrence of the lesions with pregnancy, 09 patients reported sunlight to be the offending agent.Conclusions: Females were affected more commonly during their late third decade of life. Although we did not find the exact cause of melasma, we noticed that sun-exposure, pregnancy, and taking of oral contraceptive pills could precipitate or exacerbate the melasma.

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Validity of KAtex Test for the Diagnosis of Visceral leishmaniasis in Endemic Region of Bangladesh

Bangladesh Journal of Infectious Diseases ◽

10.3329/bjid.v1i1.21727 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 8-11

Author(s):

Zakir Hossain Habib ◽

Afzalunnessa Binte Lutfor ◽

Sanya Tahmina Jhora ◽

Imtiaz Ahmed ◽

Hasina Akhter

Keyword(s):

High Sensitivity ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Endemic Region ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Medical College ◽

Kala Azar ◽

Blood And Urine Samples ◽

One Year ◽

Age And Sex

Background: Early diagnosis of Kala-azar is of prime importance to reduce the transmission of the disease. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate KAtex test for the diagnosis of Kala-azar. Methodology: This cross sectional study was carried out in Department of Microbiology at Sir Salimullah Medical College, Dhaka for a period of one year from July 2007 to June 2008. Patients were selected clinically form all age and sex group hailing from endemic region of Mymensingh in a semi purposive manner excluding those who have already started taking medicine or refused to participate in the study. Blood and urine samples were collected from the patients admitted in Sir Salimullah Medical College, Dhaka, Mymensingh Medical College and Bhaluka Health Complex, Mymensingh. Result: Among 150 of the clinically selected patients, total 100 cases were confirmed to be positive for Kala-azar by rK39 ICT test. Age and sex matched 25 healthy persons each from endemic and non-endemic area was taken as control. Among the 100 sero-confirmed cases KAtex was positive in 87 (sensitivity of 87%). Among the 50 controls none were positive by KAtex test resulting in specificity of these tests 100% and 98% respectively. Conclusion: KAtex test has high sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of Kala-azar patients at endemic region of Bangladesh.Bangladesh J Infect Dis 2014;1(1):8-11

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A study of surgical profile of patients undergoing hemorrhoidectomy

International Surgery Journal ◽

10.18203/2349-2902.isj20173613 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (9) ◽

pp. 2947

Author(s):

Pradeep Kumar Pande ◽

Yashwant Dhruv

Keyword(s):

Public Health Problem ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Medical College ◽

Co Morbidity ◽

History Of ◽

One Year ◽

Gandhi Medical College ◽

Rural Dwellers

Background: Hemorrhoids are common. It is usually defined as increase in size as well as distal displacement of apparently normal cushions which generally leads to symptoms. Globally many people are affected. It is considered as a major public health problem. It has a multifactorial etiology. Objective was to surgical profile of patients undergoing hemorrhoidectomy.Methods: Present hospital based cross sectional study was carried out for a period of one and a half years at department of general surgery, Gandhi medical college and associated Hamidia hospital, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India, among 90 patients undergoing hemorrhoidectomy. Thorough history, detailed clinical examination, complete rectal examination and hemoglobin estimation was carried out.Results: It was found that maximum cases were below the age of 40 years. Males suffered more (73.3%) than females (26.7%). Hemorrhoids were seen commonly among urban dwellers (87.7%) than rural dwellers (12.3%). The most common presenting complaint was bleeding in 97.7% of cases. Maximum patients reported to the hospital within one-year history of bleeding i.e. 71.1%. Majority i.e. 73.3% had normal hemoglobin levels. 46.6% had ano-rectal disease.Conclusions: Incidence of hemorrhoids was more common among the cases of the present study. People below 40 years of age were commonly affected. It was more in males. Bleeding was the most common presenting symptom. Anemia was not so common. Anal fissure was the commonest associated co-morbidity.

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THE DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF WOMEN WITH GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS

International Journal of Medical and Biomedical Studies ◽

10.32553/ijmbs.v5i11.2281 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (11) ◽

Author(s):

Priyanka Inaniya ◽

B S Meena ◽

Mohan Lal Meena ◽

Aparna Sharma ◽

Shalini Rathore

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Family History Of Diabetes ◽

Demographic Profile ◽

Medical College ◽

History Of ◽

Socio Demographic Factors

Background: The present study aimed to study the demographic profile women with gestational diabetes mellitus Methods: This hospital based cross-sectional study Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, SMS Medical College, Jaipur. Results: Mean age of patients was 27.68 ± 4.4 Yrs. Most of the study subjects in GDM group (54.7%) were Hindu. Study subjects in GDM group were almost equally from rural (50.7%).Most of the study subjects in both GDM group (88%) were housewives. Habit of smoking was found in only 6.7% females in GDM group. Habit of alcohol was found in 4% females in GDM group. Family history of diabetes was seen more in females with GDM (17.3%). Conclusion: This study concluded that the socio demographic factors influence the occurrence of GDM. Keywords: GDM, Age, Gravida

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TO STUDY THE ONSET AND PROGRESSION OF AIRWAY ABNORMALITY IN TERMS OF ALTERATION IN PFT IN ASYMPTOMATIC SMOKERS.

International Journal of Medical and Biomedical Studies ◽

10.32553/ijmbs.v3i11.748 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (11) ◽

Author(s):

Dr. Hitesh Kumar Solanki ◽

Dr. Omnath P Yadav ◽

Dr. Anita J Gojiya

Keyword(s):

Lung Function ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Medical College ◽

Group I ◽

Significant Difference ◽

History Of ◽

Young Smokers ◽

The Mean ◽

Group Ii

The study was conducted in department of physiology, B J Medical College, Ahmedabad from Mar. 2012 to Feb. 2013. This was a cross-sectional study to evaluate the effect of smoking on lung function and serum lipids in asymptomatic smokers and comparable non smokers. The mean of the various spirometric parameters were calculated of the subjects for both the groups. The mean FVC in group I and group II was 2.60 ± 0.62 L and 4.10 ± 0.64L respectively. The mean FEV1 in group I was 1.91 ± 0.57L and 3.19 ± 0.77L in group II Group I had mean FEF25% - 75% and PEFR of 1.98 ± 0.67L/sec and 4.50 ± 1.57L/sec respectively. Group II had mean FEF25 – 75% of 4.22 ± 1.23L/sec and a mean PEFR of 7.22 ± 1.42L/sec. In young smokers and asymptomatic, still the spirometric values were significantly deranged as compared to controls. Even smokers with history of less pack years of smoking also had significant abnormalities of lung function. All he spirometric values in the two groups had statistically highly significant difference and were higher in non-smokers as compared to smokers. The spirometric values were reduced in smokers with history of smoking for as low as two pack years. Keywords: Progression, PFT, Asymptomatic & Smokers

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What is known about Prostate Cancer? Response from Men Aged 50 Years and Above in Lindi Municipal, Tanzania

Tanzania Medical Journal ◽

10.4314/tmj.v31i2.363 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 31 (2) ◽

pp. 33-44

Author(s):

Simon Francis ◽

Obadia V. Nyongole

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Family History ◽

Positive Family History ◽

Negative Attitude ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Adult Men ◽

History Of ◽

One Year ◽

High Level

Background: The incidence of prostate cancer in Tanzania is among the highest recorded in Africa. Prostate cancer is also the most common cancer among men aged 50 years and above in Tanzania. Our study aimed to determine the awareness, knowledge, and attitudes among adult men with age 50 years and above regarding prostate cancer.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study that included 250 adult men aged 50 years and above in Lindi municipal being purposively selected and we interviewed them by using a structured questionnaire. A stratified random sampling method was used for obtaining our participants. All men who had stayed for not less than one year in Lindi and willing to participate were enrolled in the study. These men were selected at households without screening whether or not they had taken prostate screening test or had been diagnosed with prostate cancer Quantitative data were cleaned and analyzed with SPSS version 20.Results: Majority, 216(86.7%) of our study participants were aged 50–69 years and most of them, 142(56.8%) had primary education with 93.2% of them being married. Among the study subjects 7.2% had positive family history of cancer and 195(78%) were aware of prostate cancer with source of information being mass media (62.6%). Majority of them, 63.2%, did not know the risk age group. Few, 20.8% of our participants had good knowledge while majority, 95.2% had negative attitude toward prostate cancer. We found a statistically significant association between level of education, family history and level of knowledge regarding prostate cancer with p < 0.005.Conclusion: This study revealed high level of awareness, but poor knowledge regarding prostate cancer and negative attitude toward prostate cancer among men with age ≥50 years in Lindi municipal Tanzania. Key words: Awareness, knowledge, attitude, prostate cancer.

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