Livelihood Diversification of Farm Households and Its Impact on Cultivated Land Utilization in Agro-pastoral Ecologically-vulnerable Areas in the Northern China

The utilization of yard land in Indonesia show that not been touched properly. Whereas if optimized, the use of yard can provide many advantages as a means to meet household needs and increase family income. The yards of the yard have potential in providing family food, reducing household expenditures for food purchases and increasing farm households. The number of obstacles related to social, cultural and economic problems are still found in the program of land utilization of the yard, such as not yet intensive cultivation of yard farming, it is still odd and not market-oriented and not optimal mentoring process.The purpose of this is to improve the skills of families and communities in the utilization of yard land, meet food needs and increase family income. This devotional activity is carried out in Majenang of Sukodono District Sragen Regency. Alternatives to the commodities grown are chili, tomatoes, eggplant, spinach, kale, mustard greens, and long beans.The results of this service show that members of Mekar Sari farmer group in Majenang of Sukodono district can increase in fulfilling family's foodstuff, reduce household expenditure for food purchase and increase farmers household income.Keywords: yard area, income, horticulture crop

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Spatiotemporal Variation Characteristics of Ecosystem Service Losses in the Agro-Pastoral Ecotone of Northern China

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph16071199 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (7) ◽

pp. 1199 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Yuejuan Yang ◽

Kun Wang ◽

Di Liu ◽

Xinquan Zhao ◽

Jiangwen Fan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Ecosystem Services ◽

Ecosystem Service ◽

Northern China ◽

Cultivated Land ◽

Large Area ◽

Ecological Civilization ◽

Land Use Pattern ◽

Unused Land ◽

Variation Characteristics

Being subject to climate change and human intervention, the land-use pattern in the agro-pastoral ecotone of Northern China has undergone complex changes over the past few decades, which may jeopardize the provision of ecosystem services. Thus, for sustainable land management, ecosystem services should be evaluated and monitored. In this study, based on Landsat TM/ETM data, we quantitatively evaluated the losses of ecosystem service values (ESV) in three sections of the agro-pastoral ecotone from 1980–2015. The results were as follows: (1) the main characteristic of the land conversions was that a large area of grassland was converted into cultivated land in the agro-pastoral ecotone; (2) on the spatial scale, the ESV losses of the agro-pastoral ecotone can be called an “inclined surface” in the direction of the northeast to southwest, and the northeastern section of the agro-pastoral ecotone lost more ESV than the middle and northwest sections (p < 0.05), on the temporal scale, the order of losses was 1990–2000 > 1980–1990 > 2000–2015; (3) the agro-pastoral ecotone lost more ESV, which was mainly due to four kinds of land conversion, which were grassland that was transformed into cultivated land, grassland transformed into unused land, grassland transformed into built-up areas, and cultivated land transformed into built-up areas; (4) although these land conversions were curbed after the implementation of protection policies at the end of the 1990s, due to reduced precipitation and increasing temperatures, the agro-pastoral ecotone will face a more severe situation in the future; and, (5) during the period of 1990–2015, the overall dynamic processes of increasing population gradually expanded to the sparsely populated pastoral area. Therefore, we believe that human interventions are the main cause of ecological deterioration in the agro-pastoral ecotone. This study provides references for fully understanding the regional differences in the ecological and environmental effects of land use change and it helps to objectively evaluate ecological civilization construction in the agro-pastoral ecotone of Northern China.

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Determinants of livelihood diversification among farm households in Akamkpa Local Government Area, Cross River State, Nigeria

Agrosearch ◽

10.4314/agrosh.v18i2.8 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 99

Author(s):

E.A. Etuk ◽

P.O. Udoe ◽

I.I. Okon

Keyword(s):

Local Government ◽

Local Government Area ◽

Farm Households ◽

Livelihood Diversification ◽

Cross River ◽

Cross River State

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The Spatial and Temporal Characteristics of Cultivated Land Utilization in Chengdu-Chongqing Urban Agglomeration

MATEC Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/matecconf/201817504001 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 175 ◽

pp. 04001

Author(s):

Xiao Yuejie ◽

Tang Honga

Keyword(s):

Comprehensive Evaluation ◽

Dynamic Change ◽

Efficiency Index ◽

Urban Agglomeration ◽

Utilization Efficiency ◽

Cultivated Land ◽

Land Utilization ◽

Ecological Benefits ◽

Ecological Benefit ◽

Environment Control

Based on the data of economic, social and ecological benefits of cultivated land in Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration from 2005 to 2014, this paper applies multi-factor comprehensive evaluation model and ArcGIS spatial analysis method to explore the dynamic change and regional difference of the cultivated land use efficiency of Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration. The results showed that the overall efficiency index of cultivated land utilization in Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration, except the economic benefit index, is rising steadily year by year. Among them, the fluctuation of ecological benefit is the most significant, and in 2010 and 2013, there appeared obvious trough. The utilization efficiency of cultivated land in different cities is relatively large, and in terms of distribution pattern, northwest is high, southeast low. The farmland utilization comprehensive efficiency high value district is Ziyang city, Chengdu city and Meishan city. In the future, the Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration should pay more attention to the improvement of agro-ecological environment, control the application of pesticides and fertilizers, and promote the coordinated development of the economic, social and ecological benefits of cultivated land.

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Temporal-Spatial Differentiation and Optimization Analysis of Cultivated Land Green Utilization Efficiency in China

Land ◽

10.3390/land8110158 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (11) ◽

pp. 158 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Qianru Chen ◽

Hualin Xie

Keyword(s):

Influencing Factors ◽

Carbon Emissions ◽

Spatial Differentiation ◽

Utilization Efficiency ◽

Added Value ◽

Scale Model ◽

Eastern Region ◽

Cultivated Land ◽

Land Utilization ◽

Extension System

Cultivated land is closely related to national food security, rural economic development and social stability. The cultivated land pollution and carbon emissions caused by chemical fertilizers, pesticides, film residues, etc., in the process of cultivated land utilization pose a serious threat to the cultivated land ecosystem in China. The comprehensive analysis on the cultivated land green utilization efficiency (GUECL), its influencing factors, and optimization direction provides a valuable basis for the green utilization of cultivated land. Based on a panel data of 30 provinces (cities or districts) in China from 2001 to 2016, the GUECL in China under the constraints of pollution and carbon emissions was measured by using a super-efficient SBM-VRS (slack based model-variable return to scale) model. The influencing factors and optimization directions of the GUECL were analyzed through the Tobit model and slack values, respectively. The results show that the GUECL in China rose with fluctuations from 2001 to 2016. Since 2014, the eastern region has surpassed the western region and has become the region with the highest mean GUECL value. The room for resource conservation and pollution reduction varies in different regions of China. Farmers’ dependence on cultivated land and agricultural added value are positively related to the GUECL in China. Farmers’ occupational differentiation, agricultural machinery density, and agricultural disaster rate have had negative effects on the GUECL in China. The loss of the GUECL in China is mainly due to the redundancies of land input, pollution emission, and mechanical input. By analyzing these influencing factors and optimization directions, it is concluded that improving rural land transfer market and agricultural infrastructure construction, establishing a new agricultural technology extension system, and vigorously cultivating new professional farmers are the targeted measures to improve the GUECL.

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The effects of rural development on main sources of farm households

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/892/1/012089 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 892 (1) ◽

pp. 012089

Author(s):

Sumaryanto ◽

S H Susilowati ◽

Saptana ◽

Ashari ◽

E Suryani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rural Development ◽

Household Income ◽

Agricultural Sector ◽

Primary Source ◽

Farm Households ◽

Cultivated Land ◽

Rural Villages ◽

Agricultural Census ◽

Basic Services ◽

Basic Infrastructure

Abstract In line with the development of the rural villages, rural employment changes. Consequently, the job opportunities of some farmers will also change. This study aims to estimate the effect of rural development and some other factors on the primary source of household income of farmers in several agroecosystems. The data analyzed were the 2013 Agricultural Census, Village Potential and “PATANAS” data. The results showed that farmers’ opportunity of leaving agriculture as the main source of household income increased if cultivated land was smaller and the inequality of landholding in the village increased. In the set of variables that determine rural development, improvements in the dimensions of basic services and basic infrastructure of non-accessibility/transportation positively affect the opportunities of farmers’ households to make non-agricultural work as their source of income. Improvements in the accessibility/transportation dimension, on the other hand, strengthen the ability of farm households to rely on agriculture as a source of household income. Based on the research results, increasing the agricultural sector as a significant contributor to farmer household income can be achieved by increasing accessibility/transportation facilities and improving the distribution of cultivated land.

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Demography, Land Utilization and Livelihoods in Sarangkot Village Development Committee of Kaski District, Nepal

The Third Pole Journal of Geography Education ◽

10.3126/ttp.v13i0.11543 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 13 ◽

pp. 22-32

Author(s):

Narayan P. Bhusal

Keyword(s):

Agricultural Production ◽

Poverty Alleviation ◽

Economic Welfare ◽

Cultivated Land ◽

Land Utilization ◽

Economic Activities ◽

Land Use Pattern ◽

Food Sufficiency ◽

Development Committee ◽

Village Development Committee

Poverty alleviation has always remained as a major challenge for overall development in Nepal and Sarangkot Village Development Committee (VDC) in Kaski district also is under such circumstances where tourism and other off farm economic activities would be the successful vehicles for overall development. Availability of better demographic conditions, sustainable agricultural production system and proper utilization of existing resources for the development of off-farm economic activities are the important livelihood assets. It is in this light this paper is trying to present the demographic conditions, land use pattern, agricultural production from the cultivated land, livestock raising and food sufficiency from the production of land in Sarangkot VDC. As the survey result indicated that the food sufficiency from the production of land is not sufficient in order to maintain the livelihood conditions of the local people. Therefore, this paper also deals about the available off-farm economic activities that are supporting for the economic welfare of the people.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ttp.v13i0.11543The Third Pole Vol. 13, 2013page : 22-32

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The Environmental Impacts of the Grassland Agricultural System and the Cultivated Land Agricultural System: A Comparative Analysis in Eastern Gansu

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su122410602 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (24) ◽

pp. 10602

Author(s):

Huilong Lin ◽

Yanfei Pu ◽

Xueni Ma ◽

Yue Wang ◽

Charles Nyandwi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Comparative Analysis ◽

Environmental Impact ◽

Environmental Impacts ◽

Energy Demand ◽

Production Capacity ◽

Northern China ◽

Primary Energy ◽

Agricultural System ◽

Cultivated Land ◽

Primary Energy Demand

“Introducing grass into fields”, the major approach to modern grassland agriculture, is the crucial direction of agricultural structure adjustment in the farming-pastoral zone of Northern China. However, there have been few studies on the environmental impacts of agricultural production in this pattern. We used the life cycle assessment (LCA) method for the first time from the perspective of the entire industry chain from agricultural material production to livestock marketing, which involves the combination of planting and breeding. A comparative analysis of the environmental impact processes of beef and pork, the main products of the two existing agricultural systems in Eastern Gansu, was conducted. The findings showed that based on the production capacity of the 1 ha land system, the comprehensive environmental impact benefit of the grassland agricultural system (GAS) in the farming-pastoral zone was 21.82%, higher than that of the cultivated land agricultural system (CLAS). On Primary energy demand (PED) and environmental acidification potential (AP), the GAS needs improvement because those values were 38.66% and 22.01% higher than those of the CLAS, respectively; on global warming potential (GWP), eutrophication potential (EP), and water use (WU), the GAS performed more environment-friendlily because those values were 25.00%, 68.37%, and 11.88% lower than those of the CLAS, respectively. This indicates that a change in land use will lead to a change in environmental impacts. Therefore, PED and AP should be focused on the progress of grassland agriculture modernization by “introducing grass into fields” and new agricultural technologies.

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Research on Land Utilization and Cultivated Land Protection in Urban and Rural Planning

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.347-353.1816 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 347-353 ◽

pp. 1816-1819

Author(s):

Chun Yan Guo ◽

Ting Wan

Keyword(s):

Rural Planning ◽

Cultivated Land ◽

Land Utilization ◽

Rapid Urbanization ◽

Land Protection ◽

Economic Construction ◽

Cultivated Land Protection

Starting from analyzing current land utilization in China, this paper tries to find the related problems and their causes. The approaches to the saving and intensification of land utilization are suggested in economic construction, urbanization, and cultivated land protection in respects of theory, technology and administrative policies, to offer effective support for rapid urbanization, modernization and marketing and safeguarding of land utilization.

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Understanding Livelihood Diversification Patterns among Smallholder Farm Households in Southern Ethiopia

Sustainable Agriculture Research ◽

10.5539/sar.v9n1p26 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 26 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tagesse A. Melketo ◽

Endrias Geta ◽

Stefan Sieber

Keyword(s):

Crop Production ◽

Smallholder Farmers ◽

Farm Households ◽

Primary Data ◽

Southern Ethiopia ◽

Small Scale ◽

Cash Income ◽

Livelihood Diversification ◽

Land Use Patterns ◽

Smallholder Farm

Smallholder farm households face an increasing need of looking for alternative income sources to supplement their small scale on-farm incomes. However, livelihood diversification is a complex phenomenon and it involves different forms. This study, therefore, delves to realize the patterns of livelihood diversification strategies adopted by the smallholder farmers at Kembata-Tembaro zone, Southern Ethiopia. The study was based on cross-sectional survey data from 384 farm households that were selected through a combination of three-stages: cluster, simple random, and proportional to the size of population sampling techniques. A mix of instruments including interview- schedule, focus group discussions, key informant interviews and field observations were used to acquire primary data. Descriptive statistics in combination with multidimensional approaches involving cluster analysis were used to analyze the quantitative data. The qualitative data were analyzed using word descriptions and verbatim discussions. It was found that the diversification patterns of the smallholder farm households in the study area took different forms involving alteration of land use patterns, intensification of crops and livestock productions, and non/off-farm activities. Superiority order of livelihood strategies in terms of the average annual cash income obtained by the households was set. Accordingly, commercial crop stands first followed by livestock rearing and subsistence crop production as second and third, respectively. It was suggested that livelihood diversification can only be a viable strategy to achieve sustainable rural livelihoods if the farmers are capacitated so that they can choose the right remunerative livelihood strategy among the existing options.

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