Combined effects of different leaf traits on foliage dust-retention capacity and stability

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lishuai Xu ◽  
Qian Yan ◽  
Peng He ◽  
Zhilei Zhen ◽  
Yaodong Jing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Dust Retention

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of the dust retention capacity and leaf microstructure of 11 Sophora japonica clones

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. e0254627
Author(s):  
Jie Yu ◽  
Li-Ren Xu ◽  
Chong Liu ◽  
Yong-Tan Li ◽  
Xin-Bo Pang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Dust Deposition ◽  
Sophora Japonica ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Unit Leaf ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Total Particle ◽  
Dust Retention

We used fresh leaves of Sophora japonica L. variety ‘Qingyun 1’ (A0) and 10 superior clones of the same species (A1–A10) to explore leaf morphological characteristics and total particle retention per unit leaf area under natural and artificial simulated dust deposition treatments. Our objectives were to explore the relationship between the two methods and to assess particle size distribution, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) heavy metal content, and scanning electron and atomic force microscopy (SEM and AFM) characteristics of leaf surface microstructure. Using the membership function method, we evaluated the dust retention capacity of each clone based on the mean degree of membership of its dust retention index. Using correlation analysis, we selected leaf morphological and SEM and AFM indices related significantly to dust retention capacity. Sophora japonica showed excellent overall dust retention capacity, although this capacity differed among clones. A5 had the strongest overall retention capacity, A2 had the strongest retention capacity for PM2.5, A9 had the strongest retention capacity for PM2.5–10, A0 had the strongest retention capacity for PM>10, and A2 had the strongest specific surface area (SSA) and heavy metal adsorption capacity. Overall, A1 had the strongest comprehensive dust retention ability, A5 was intermediate, and A7 had the weakest capacity. Certain leaf morphological and SEM and AFM characteristic indices correlated significantly with the dust retention capacity.

Combined effects of freshwater salinization and leaf traits on litter decomposition

Hydrobiologia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 847 (16) ◽  
pp. 3427-3435
Author(s):  
Edivan S. Almeida Júnior ◽  
Aingeru Martínez ◽  
Ana Lúcia Gonçalves ◽  
Cristina Canhoto
Keyword(s):  
Litter Decomposition ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Freshwater Salinization

scholarly journals Water regime and dust retention capacity of silver birch Betula pendula Roth. in Northern Kazakhstan

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 325-334
Author(s):  
Andrey N. Kabanov ◽  
Svetlana A. Kabanova ◽  
Matvey A. Danchenko ◽  
Igor S. Kochegarov
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Betula Pendula ◽  
Water Regime ◽  
Silver Birch ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Betula Pendula Roth ◽  
Northern Kazakhstan ◽  
Dust Retention

The purpose of the research was to determine the water regime and identify the nature of dust retention capacity of assimilation apparatus in artificial birch stands in green zone of Nur-Sultan (Northern Kazakhstan). The objects of the research were 16-year-old Betula pendula Roth. forest crops, some of which were transplanted at the age of 8 into the interrow space. Some water regime features of forest crops were considered to determine their adaptive ability to soil and climatic conditions. The intensity of leaf transpiration, relative water content in leaves, and water deficiency were studied. When making observations, it was found that there was no reliable difference between the water regime indicators in the sample areas in transplanted and non-transplanted crops. So, the results of the research are presented without taking into account peculiarities of the sample area location. A high water-holding capacity of the plant leaves was revealed, it amounted 96.98 %. The average transpiration rate during the growing season was 176 mg/g ∙ h, with the highest average transpiration rate (229 mg/g ∙ h) detected in July, and the lowest in August (162 mg/g ∙ h). The data obtained showed weak intensity of moisture evaporation by leaves. This indicates a low water deficit of the plants, which was 8.96 % after leaf was fully saturated with moisture. Ratio of retained dust and leaf area of silver birch showed that 1 cm2 of assimilation apparatus accumulated on average 0.1 mg of particulate matter. The amount of dust revealed that at a high location, more particulate matter is accumulated per unit area of assimilation apparatus than at a low location. The largest amount of dust (0.117 mg cm2) was deposited at a distance of 1000 meters from the highway, and the smallest amount (0.091 mg/cm2) - at a distance of 200 meters. Topographic features and presence of protective birch strip influenced this fact. The research revealed that a large leaf area is not a guarantee of high dust retention capacity.

Study on the Dust-Retention Capacity Resulting from Greenbelt of the Main Roads in Xuchang

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 1805-1808 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Gang Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Middle Section ◽  
Lower Section ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Cedrus Deodara ◽  
Osmanthus Fragrans ◽  
Dust Retention

With the acceleration of urbanization, dust composed of solid particles has become one of the major air pollutants in urban areas. The dust-retention capacity and its spatial distribution of 8 greenbelt types are discussed. The results show that the dust-retention capacity of Cedrus deodara is the highest, and the total dust-retention capacity is (2.85±0.28) g/m2, in contrast, only (0.48±0.04) g/m2 for Ligustrum quihoui. Moreover, the dust-retention capacity of outside of 7 greenbelt types is higher than that of inside, except Osmanthus fragrans. The dust-retention capability of outside indicates an order of lower section, middle section and upper section, and an order of middle section, lower section and upper section of inside.

Effects of Retinoic Acid and 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 on IFN-gamma Secretion by Mononuclear Leukocytes from Nulliparous and Postparturient Dairy Cattle

2000 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 92-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burim Ametaj ◽  
Brian Nonnecke ◽  
Ronald Horst ◽  
Donald Beitz
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Pokeweed Mitogen ◽  
Mononuclear Leukocytes ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Ifn Gamma ◽  
Dihydroxyvitamin D ◽  
1,25 Dihydroxyvitamin D

Individual and combined effects of several isomers of retinoic acid (RA) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-(OH)2D3) on interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) secretion by blood mononuclear leukocytes (MNL) from nulliparous and postparturient Holstein cattle were evaluated in vitro. In the first experiment, effects on incubation period (24 to 72 hours) and time of supplementation (0 to 32 hours) with all-trans, 9-cis, 13-cis-, and 9,13-dicis-RAs (0 to 100 nM) on IFN-gamma secretion by pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-stimulated (0 and 10 mug/ml) MNL from nulliparous cattle were evaluated. In the second experiment, MNL from postparturient cows (bled at 0, 2, 4, and 16 days postpartum) were stimulated with PWM (0 and 10 mug/ml) in the presence of RA isomers (9-cis- or 9,13-dicis-RA; 0 to 100 nM), 1,25-(OH)2D3 (0 to 100 nM), or with combinations of these metabolites. The results show that individual isomers of RA had no effect on IFN-gamma secretion by PWM-stimulated MNL from nulliparous or postparturient cows. Furthermore 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 inhibited IFN-gamma secretion by MNL from nulliparous and postparturient dairy cows; however, the degree of inhibition was greater when 9-cis- and 9,13-dicis-RA were also present in the cultures. Finally mononuclear leukocytes from postparturient dairy cows produced substantially less IFN-gamma than did MNL from nulliparous cattle. It is concluded that retinoic acids individually did not affect the capacity of leukocytes from dairy cattle to secrete IFN-gamma. This result is in marked contrast to studies in monogastric species indicating that RAs inhibit IFN-gamma secretion by peripheral blood T cells. Inhibition of IFN-gamma secretion by 1,25-(OH)2D3 was potentiated by 9-cis- and 9,13-di-cis-retinoics acids, suggesting that an excess of dietary vitamins A and D may compromise further the naturally immunosuppressed postparturient dairy cow. Additional research is necessary to determine if the combined effects of these metabolites on IFN-gamma secretion represent an increased susceptibility of the dairy cow to infectious diseases during the periparturient period. Lower secretion of IFN-gamma by MNL from postpartutient dairy cows, relative to nulliparous cattle, suggests that recently-calved cows are naturally immunosuppressed.

Combined effects of form- and meaning-based predictability on perceived clarity of speech.

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carine Signoret ◽  
Ingrid Johnsrude ◽  
Elisabet Classon ◽  
Mary Rudner
Keyword(s):  
Combined Effects

Combined effects of the prosteatotic TM6SF2 and PNPLA3 variants on severity of NALFD: multicentre biopsy-based study in German patients

2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Krawczyk ◽  
M Rau ◽  
J Schattenberg ◽  
H Bantel ◽  
A Pathil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Combined Effects

EVALUATION OF THE COMBINED EFFECTS OF SPLIT VS. DAY BEFORE AND LOW RESIDUE VS. CLEAR FLUID REGIMENS ON THE COLONOSCOPY PREPARATION

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z Bari ◽  
I Maleki ◽  
M Hadizadeh ◽  
H Fakheri ◽  
SM Valizadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Combined Effects ◽  
Clear Fluid ◽  
Colonoscopy Preparation

Mechanisms leading to recruitment inhibition of giant kelp Macrocystis pyrifera by an understory alga

2021 ◽  
Vol 657 ◽  
pp. 59-71
Author(s):  
BA Beckley ◽  
MS Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Kelp Forest ◽  
Macrocystis Pyrifera ◽  
Forest Recovery ◽  
Kelp Forests ◽  
Giant Kelp ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Survival And Growth

The forest-forming giant kelp Macrocystis pyrifera and the communities it supports have been decreasing across their native ranges in many parts of the world. The sudden removal of giant kelp canopies by storms increases space and light for the colonization by understory macroalgae, such as Desmarestia herbacea, which can inhibit M. pyrifera recovery and alter local community composition. Understanding the mechanisms by which algae such as D. herbacea interact with M. pyrifera can provide insight into patterns of kelp forest recovery following these disturbances and can aid in predicting future community structure. This study experimentally tested the independent and combined effects of two likely competitive mechanisms by which D. herbacea might inhibit recovery of M. pyrifera in the Point Loma kelp forest in San Diego, California (USA). Specifically, we conducted field experiments to study the individual and combined effects of shade and scour by D. herbacea on the survival of M. pyrifera microscopic life stages, and the recruitment, survival, and growth of its young sporophytes. Our results show that scour had the strongest negative effect on the survival of M. pyrifera microscopic life stages and recruitment, but shade and scour both adversely affected survival and growth of these sporophytes as they grew larger. Canopy-removing storms are increasing in frequency and intensity, and this change could facilitate the rise of understory species, like D. herbacea, which might alter community succession and recovery of kelp forests.

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