scholarly journals Pediatric Infectious Diseases Encountered During Wartime—Part 1: Experiences and Lessons Learned From Armed Conflict in the Modern Era

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Ottolini ◽  
Blake Cirks ◽  
Kathleen B. Madden ◽  
Michael Rajnik
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Modern Era

scholarly journals Pandemic Prevention: Lessons from COVID-19

Encyclopedia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 433-444
Author(s):  
Mario Coccia
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Health System ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Policy Responses

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which appeared in late 2019, generating a pandemic crisis with high numbers of COVID-19-related infected individuals and deaths in manifold countries worldwide. Lessons learned from COVID-19 can be used to prevent pandemic threats by designing strategies to support different policy responses, not limited to the health system, directed to reduce the risks of the emergence of novel viral agents, the diffusion of infectious diseases and negative impact in society.

Part VI Impact, ‘Legacy’, and Lessons Learned, 47 The Deterrent Effect of the ICC on the Commission of International Crimes by Government Leaders

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grono Nick ◽  
Wheeler Anna de Courcy
Keyword(s):  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Large Degree ◽  
War Crimes ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Deterrent Effect ◽  
Crimes Against Humanity ◽  
Policy Options ◽  
International Crimes ◽  
Atrocity Crimes

This Chapter examines in which circumstances, and under what conditions, the prospect of prosecution by the ICC may act to curtail the actions of government or rebel leaders by shifting the strategic calculus in favour of avoiding war crimes or crimes against humanity. It studies ICC engagement and its impact in Uganda, the DRC, Colombia, Sudan, Kenya, and Mali. It argues that success or failure of ICC deterrence rests to a large degree on its ability to pursue successful prosecutions. It concludes that potential to deter future atrocity crimes may not exist in all cases, and probably not in the midst of armed conflict, but could exist in those situations where the commission of crimes is one of a series of policy options available to a leader facing a challenge to his or her authority.

scholarly journals Lessons learned from the first European project on the integration of infectious diseases in testing services, data collection and country responses

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (S2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorthe Raben ◽  
Jordi Casabona ◽  
Lella Cosmaro ◽  
Nadia Gasbarrini ◽  
John S. Lambert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
European Project

scholarly journals SEAWALLS AND BREAKWATERS

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Ayers
Keyword(s):  
Model Tests ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
The Past ◽  
Structural Types ◽  
Principal Source ◽  
Rubble Mound ◽  
The Many ◽  
Modern Era

Since the days of the Phoenicians and Egyptians, men have struggled to build harbor works capable of standing against the forces of the sea. Although the remains of Roman works have endured to the modern era, little progress in design was made until the early part of the last century. Modern developments have led to a better knowledge of wave pressures, but the principal source of guidance is still to be found by studying the causes underlying the disasters of the past. This paper includes a brief outline of the principal structural types which have been built with varying degrees of success, a description of the results of certain model tests on a rubble mound breakwater, and a resume of some of the most important lessons learned from the many failures which have occurred.

KAMEDO Report No. 92 Evacuation of Swedes from Lebanon—Observational Studies in Connection with the War in Lebanon in Summer 2006

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 476-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per Kulling ◽  
Susannah Sigurdsson ◽  
Bertil Hamberger
Keyword(s):  
Medical Care ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Tsunami Disaster

AbstractA large-scale armed conflict between Hezbollah and Israel in July 2006 caused the evacuation of a large number of Swedish residents from Lebanon. This report describes the evacuation throughout its various stages. Swedish authorities were prepared for an event of this type from the experience of the 2004 Asian tsunami disaster. Lessons learned from the management and medical care during the evacuations are presented in this report.

scholarly journals Vaccination against β-Amyloid as a Strategy for the Prevention of Alzheimer’s Disease

Biology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 425
Author(s):  
Francesca Mantile ◽  
Antonella Prisco
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Adaptive Immune Response ◽  
Immunological Response ◽  
Vaccination Strategy ◽  
Active Immunization ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Β Amyloid

Vaccination relies on the phenomenon of immunity, a long-term change in the immunological response to subsequent encounters with the same pathogen that occurs after the recovery from some infectious diseases. However, vaccination is a strategy that can, in principle, be applied also to non-infectious diseases, such as cancer or neurodegenerative diseases, if an adaptive immune response can prevent the onset of the disease or modify its course. Immunization against β-amyloid has been explored as a vaccination strategy for Alzheimer’s disease for over 20 years. No vaccine has been licensed so far, and immunotherapy has come under considerable criticism following the negative results of several phase III clinical trials. In this narrative review, we illustrate the working hypothesis behind immunization against β-amyloid as a vaccination strategy for Alzheimer’s disease, and the outcome of the active immunization strategies that have been tested in humans. On the basis of the lessons learned from preclinical and clinical research, we discuss roadblocks and current perspectives in this challenging enterprise in translational immunology.

Engaging armed non-State actors on the prohibition of recruiting and using children in hostilities: Some reflections from Geneva Call's experience

2019 ◽  
Vol 101 (911) ◽  
pp. 603-621
Author(s):  
Pascal Bongard ◽  
Ezequiel Heffes
Keyword(s):  
Child Protection ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Fragmented Structure ◽  
Important Challenge ◽  
International Obligations ◽  
State Actors ◽  
Lack Of Knowledge

AbstractDespite the existence of a comprehensive international legal framework protecting children in armed conflict, ensuring its respect by armed non-State actors (ANSAs) still remains an important challenge. This can be linked to several circumstances, such as their lack of knowledge of the law, the absence of an incentive to abide by the applicable rules, their fragmented structure and their lack of capacity to implement the applicable framework. Certain practical cases, however, show that ANSAs’ behaviours may vary throughout armed conflicts. While certain groups have, at a given moment, breached some of their international obligations, others have shown some degree of commitment to respecting children's safeguards. When addressing the prohibition of recruiting and using children in hostilities, the reasons behind these variations have remained insufficiently explored. This article reviews some of the lessons learned from Geneva Call's experience when engaging ANSAs towards their compliance with child protection norms.

scholarly journals The technology behind TB DEPOT: a novel public analytics platform integrating tuberculosis clinical, genomic, and radiological data for visual and statistical exploration

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyssa Long ◽  
Alexander Glogowski ◽  
Matthew Meppiel ◽  
Lisa De Vito ◽  
Eric Engle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Clinical Research ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Application Programming Interface ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Data Exploration ◽  
Multidimensional Data ◽  
Server Side ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Clinical Research Informatics

Abstract Objective Clinical research informatics tools are necessary to support comprehensive studies of infectious diseases. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) developed the publicly accessible Tuberculosis Data Exploration Portal (TB DEPOT) to address the complex etiology of tuberculosis (TB). Materials and Methods TB DEPOT displays deidentified patient case data and facilitates analyses across a wide range of clinical, socioeconomic, genomic, and radiological factors. The solution is built using Amazon Web Services cloud-based infrastructure, .NET Core, Angular, Highcharts, R, PLINK, and other custom-developed services. Structured patient data, pathogen genomic variants, and medical images are integrated into the solution to allow seamless filtering across data domains. Results Researchers can use TB DEPOT to query TB patient cases, create and save patient cohorts, and execute comparative statistical analyses on demand. The tool supports user-driven data exploration and fulfills the National Institute of Health’s Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable (FAIR) principles. Discussion TB DEPOT is the first tool of its kind in the field of TB research to integrate multidimensional data from TB patient cases. Its scalable and flexible architectural design has accommodated growth in the data, organizations, types of data, feature requests, and usage. Use of client-side technologies over server-side technologies and prioritizing maintenance have been important lessons learned. Future directions are dynamically prioritized and key functionality is shared through an application programming interface. Conclusion This paper describes the platform development methodology, resulting functionality, benefits, and technical considerations of a clinical research informatics application to support increased understanding of TB.

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