The Role of HMGB1 in Traumatic Brain Injury—Bridging the Gap Between the Laboratory and Clinical Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Manivannan ◽  
E Wales ◽  
M Zaben
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Clinical Studies

Potential Role of Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Traumatic Brain Injury

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Alexandre Santos Marzano ◽  
Fabyolla Lúcia Macedo de Castro ◽  
Caroline Amaral Machado ◽  
João Luís Vieira Monteiro de Barros ◽  
Thiago Macedo e Cordeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Cognitive Outcomes ◽  
Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
The Brain

: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a serious cause of disability and death among young and adult individuals, displaying complex pathophysiology including cellular and molecular mechanisms that are not fully elucidated. Many experimental and clinical studies investigated the potential relationship between TBI and the process by which neurons are formed in the brain, known as neurogenesis. Currently, there are no available treatments for TBI’s long-term consequences being the search for novel therapeutic targets, a goal of highest scientific and clinical priority. Some studies evaluated the benefits of treatments aimed at improving neurogenesis in TBI. In this scenario, herein, we reviewed current pre-clinical studies that evaluated different approaches to improving neurogenesis after TBI while achieving better cognitive outcomes, which may consist in interesting approaches for future treatments.

Renin–angiotensin system as a potential therapeutic target in stroke and retinopathy: experimental and clinical evidence

2016 ◽  
Vol 130 (4) ◽  
pp. 221-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelrahman Y. Fouda ◽  
Sandeep Artham ◽  
Azza B. El-Remessy ◽  
Susan C. Fagan
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Potential Therapeutic Target ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Renin Angiotensin

This review examines the published literature on the role of the renin-angiotensin system in neurovascular disorders including stroke, retinopathy, traumatic brain injury and cognitive impairment. The review presents both experimental and clinical studies conducted in the field, and sheds light on the translational gap and clinical underutilization of renin-angiotensin system modulators in neurovascular disorders.

scholarly journals The Role of BDNF in Experimental and Clinical Traumatic Brain Injury

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 3582
Author(s):  
David Gustafsson ◽  
Andrea Klang ◽  
Sebastian Thams ◽  
Elham Rostami
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Pharmacological Treatment ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Bdnf Expression ◽  
Neural Repair ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity

Traumatic brain injury is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in the world with no current pharmacological treatment. The role of BDNF in neural repair and regeneration is well established and has also been the focus of TBI research. Here, we review experimental animal models assessing BDNF expression following injury as well as clinical studies in humans including the role of BDNF polymorphism in TBI. There is a large heterogeneity in experimental setups and hence the results with different regional and temporal changes in BDNF expression. Several studies have also assessed different interventions to affect the BDNF expression following injury. Clinical studies highlight the importance of BDNF polymorphism in the outcome and indicate a protective role of BDNF polymorphism following injury. Considering the possibility of affecting the BDNF pathway with available substances, we discuss future studies using transgenic mice as well as iPSC in order to understand the underlying mechanism of BDNF polymorphism in TBI and develop a possible pharmacological treatment.

Role of innate inflammation in traumatic brain injury

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandrine Bourgeois-Tardif ◽  
Louis De Beaumont ◽  
José Carlos Rivera ◽  
Sylvain Chemtob ◽  
Alexander G Weil
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury

scholarly journals P88 Paroxysmal sympathetic storm and the role of beta-blockers in traumatic brain injury: a scoping review protocol

BJS Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphane Nguembu ◽  
Marco Meloni ◽  
Geneviève Endalle ◽  
Hugues Dokponou ◽  
Olaoluwa Ezekiel Dada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Glasgow Coma Scale ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Beta Blockers ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Sympathetic Hyperactivity ◽  
Paroxysmal Sympathetic Hyperactivity

Abstract Introduction Most cases of paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity (PSH) result from traumatic brain injury (TBI). Little is known about its pathophysiology and treatment, and several neuroprotective drugs are used including beta-blockers. The aim of our study is to collate existing evidence of the role of beta-blockers in the treatment of PSH. Method We will search MEDLINE, Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane, and Google Scholar. The search terms used will cover the following terms: “paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity”, “traumatic brain injury” and “beta-blockers.”: No language or geographical restrictions will be applied. Two independent co-authors will screen the titles and abstracts of each article following predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. If there is a conflict the two reviewers will find a consensus and if they cannot a third co-author will decide. Using a pre-designed and pre-piloted data extraction form, data from each included citation will be collected (authors identification, study type, TBI severity, type of beta-blockers used, dosage of the drug, clinical signs of PSH, Glasgow Coma Scale, Glasgow Outcome Scale, mortality, morbidity and length of stay). Simple descriptive data analyses will be performed and the results will be presented both in a narrative and tabular form. Results The effectiveness of beta-blockers in post-TBI PHS will be evaluated through clinical signs of PHS(increased heart rate, respiratory rate, temperature, blood pressure, and sweating), Glasgow Coma Scale, and Glasgow Outcome Scale. mortality, morbidity and length of stay. Conclusion At the end of this scoping review we will design a systematic review with metaanalysis if there are a reasonable number of studies otherwise we will design a randomized controlled trial.

Polydatin alleviates traumatic brain injury: Role of inhibiting ferroptosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 556 ◽  
pp. 149-155
Author(s):  
Lu Huang ◽  
Shulei He ◽  
Qing Cai ◽  
Fei Li ◽  
Siwei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury

scholarly journals Creatine Supplementation and Brain Health

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamilton Roschel ◽  
Bruno Gualano ◽  
Sergej M. Ostojic ◽  
Eric S. Rawson
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Creatine Supplementation ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Brain Health

There is a robust and compelling body of evidence supporting the ergogenic and therapeutic role of creatine supplementation in muscle. Beyond these well-described effects and mechanisms, there is literature to suggest that creatine may also be beneficial to brain health (e.g., cognitive processing, brain function, and recovery from trauma). This is a growing field of research, and the purpose of this short review is to provide an update on the effects of creatine supplementation on brain health in humans. There is a potential for creatine supplementation to improve cognitive processing, especially in conditions characterized by brain creatine deficits, which could be induced by acute stressors (e.g., exercise, sleep deprivation) or chronic, pathologic conditions (e.g., creatine synthesis enzyme deficiencies, mild traumatic brain injury, aging, Alzheimer’s disease, depression). Despite this, the optimal creatine protocol able to increase brain creatine levels is still to be determined. Similarly, supplementation studies concomitantly assessing brain creatine and cognitive function are needed. Collectively, data available are promising and future research in the area is warranted.

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