Glucocorticoid Receptor Stimulation Resulting from Early Life Stress Affects Expression of DNA Methyltransferases in Rat Prefrontal Cortex

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mari Urb ◽  
Kaili Anier ◽  
Terje Matsalu ◽  
Anu Aonurm-Helm ◽  
Gunnar Tasa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Glucocorticoid Receptor ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Early Life Stress ◽  
Dna Methyltransferases ◽  
Receptor Stimulation

scholarly journals Maternal Depression, Child Temperament, and Early-Life Stress Predict Never-Depressed Preadolescents’ Functional Connectivity During a Negative-Mood Induction

2021 ◽  
pp. 216770262110164
Author(s):  
Pan Liu ◽  
Matthew R. J. Vandermeer ◽  
Ola Mohamed Ali ◽  
Andrew R. Daoust ◽  
Marc F. Joanisse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Maternal Depression ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Emotion Processing ◽  
Early Life Stress ◽  
Cingulate Cortex

Understanding the development of depression can inform etiology and prevention/intervention. Maternal depression and maladaptive patterns of temperament (e.g., low positive emotionality [PE] or high negative emotionality, especially sadness) are known to predict depression. Although it is unclear how these risks cause depression, altered functional connectivity (FC) during negative-emotion processing may play an important role. We investigated whether maternal depression and age-3 emotionality predicted FC during negative mood reactivity in never-depressed preadolescents and whether these relationships were augmented by early-life stress. Maternal depression predicted decreased medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC)–amygdala and mPFC–insula FC but increased mPFC–posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) FC. PE predicted increased dorsolateral prefrontal cortex–amygdala FC, whereas sadness predicted increased PCC-based FC in insula, orbitofrontal cortex, and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Sadness was more strongly associated with PCC–insula and PCC–ACC FC as early stress increased. Findings indicate that early depression risks may be mediated by FC underlying negative-emotion processing.

scholarly journals Sexual dimorphic role of the glucocorticoid receptor in chronic muscle pain produced by early-life stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 174480692110113
Author(s):  
Paul G Green ◽  
Pedro Alvarez ◽  
Jon D Levine
Keyword(s):  
Glucocorticoid Receptor ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Glucocorticoid Receptors ◽  
Early Life Stress ◽  
Nociceptive Threshold ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Mechanical Nociceptive Threshold

Fibromyalgia and other chronic musculoskeletal pain syndromes are associated with stressful early life events, which can produce a persistent dysregulation in the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal (HPA) stress axis function, associated with elevated plasm levels of corticosterone in adults. To determine the contribution of the HPA axis to persistent muscle hyperalgesia in adult rats that had experienced neonatal limited bedding (NLB), a form of early-life stress, we evaluated the role of glucocorticoid receptors on muscle nociceptors in adult NLB rats. In adult male and female NLB rats, mechanical nociceptive threshold in skeletal muscle was significantly lower than in adult control (neonatal standard bedding) rats. Furthermore, adult males and females that received exogenous corticosterone (via dams’ milk) during postnatal days 2–9, displayed a similar lowered mechanical nociceptive threshold. To test the hypothesis that persistent glucocorticoid receptor signaling in the adult contributes to muscle hyperalgesia in NLB rats, nociceptor expression of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) was attenuated by spinal intrathecal administration of an oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) antisense to GR mRNA. In adult NLB rats, GR antisense markedly attenuated muscle hyperalgesia in males, but not in females. These findings indicate that increased corticosterone levels during a critical developmental period (postnatal days 2–9) produced by NLB stress induces chronic mechanical hyperalgesia in male and female rats that persists in adulthood, and that this chronic muscle hyperalgesia is mediated, at least in part, by persistent stimulation of glucocorticoid receptors on sensory neurons, in the adult male, but not female rat.

Impact of early-life stress on the medial prefrontal cortex functions – a search for the pathomechanisms of anxiety and mood disorders

2013 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 1462-1470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Chocyk ◽  
Iwona Majcher-Maślanka ◽  
Dorota Dudys ◽  
Aleksandra Przyborowska ◽  
Krzysztof Wędzony
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Medial Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Early Life Stress

The effects of early life stress on the excitatory/inhibitory balance of the medial prefrontal cortex

2020 ◽  
Vol 379 ◽  
pp. 112306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken-ichi Ohta ◽  
Shingo Suzuki ◽  
Katsuhiko Warita ◽  
Kazunori Sumitani ◽  
Chiaki Tenkumo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Medial Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Early Life Stress

scholarly journals Effects of Early Life Stress on Epigenetic Changes of the Glucocorticoid Receptor 17 Promoter during Adulthood

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (17) ◽  
pp. 6331
Author(s):  
Mi Kyoung Seo ◽  
Seon-gu Kim ◽  
Dae-Hyun Seog ◽  
Won-Myong Bahk ◽  
Seong-Ho Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Glucocorticoid Receptor ◽  
Histone Modification ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Histone Acetylation ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Early Life Stress ◽  
Epigenetic Changes ◽  
Immobility Time

Growing evidence suggests that early life stress (ELS) has long-lasting effects on glucocorticoid receptor (GR) expression and behavior via epigenetic changes of the GR exon 17 promoter. However, it remains unclear whether ELS regulates histone modifications of the GR exon 17 promoter across the life span. We investigated the effects of maternal separation (MS) on histone acetylation and methylation of GR exon 17 promoter in the hippocampus, according to the age of adults. Depression-like behavior and epigenetic regulation of GR expression were examined at young and middle adulthood in mice subjected to MS from postnatal day 1 to 21. In the forced swimming test, young adult MS mice showed no effect on immobility time, but middle-aged MS mice significantly increased immobility time. Young adult and middle-aged MS mice showed decreased GR expression. Their two ages showed decreased histone acetylation with increased histone deacetylases (HDAC5) levels, decreased permissive methylation, and increased repressive methylation at the GR exon 17 promoter. The extent of changes in gene expression and histone modification in middle adulthood was greater than in young adulthood. These results indicate that MS in early life causes long-term negative effects on behavior via histone modification of the GR gene across the life span.

scholarly journals Sex-Specific Effects of Early Life Stress on Brain Mitochondrial Function, Monoamine Levels and Neuroinflammation

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Héctor González-Pardo ◽  
Jorge L. Arias ◽  
Eneritz Gómez-Lázaro ◽  
Isabel López Taboada ◽  
Nélida M. Conejo
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Mitochondrial Function ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Early Life Stress ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Dopamine Turnover ◽  
Mitochondrial Energy Metabolism ◽  
Brain Mitochondrial Function

Sex differences have been reported in the susceptibility to early life stress and its neurobiological correlates in humans and experimental animals. However, most of the current research with animal models of early stress has been performed mainly in males. In the present study, prolonged maternal separation (MS) paradigm was applied as an animal model to resemble the effects of adverse early experiences in male and female rats. Regional brain mitochondrial function, monoaminergic activity, and neuroinflammation were evaluated as adults. Mitochondrial energy metabolism was greatly decreased in MS females as compared with MS males in the prefrontal cortex, dorsal hippocampus, and the nucleus accumbens shell. In addition, MS males had lower serotonin levels and increased serotonin turnover in the prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus. However, MS females showed increased dopamine turnover in the prefrontal cortex and increased norepinephrine turnover in the striatum, but decreased dopamine turnover in the hippocampus. Sex differences were also found for pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, with increased levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of MS males, and increased IL-6 levels in the striatum of MS females. These results evidence the complex sex- and brain region-specific long-term consequences of early life stress.

scholarly journals Dysregulation of the mesoprefrontal dopamine circuit mediates an early-life stress-induced synaptic imbalance in the prefrontal cortex

Cell Reports ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 109074
Author(s):  
Won Chan Oh ◽  
Gabriela Rodríguez ◽  
Douglas Asede ◽  
Kanghoon Jung ◽  
In-Wook Hwang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Early Life Stress

Assessment of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis activity: glucocorticoid receptor and mineralocorticoid receptor function in depression with early life stress – a systematic review

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiane Von Werne Baes ◽  
Sandra M. de Carvalho Tofoli ◽  
Camila Maria S. Martins ◽  
Mario F. Juruena
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Glucocorticoid Receptor ◽  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Mineralocorticoid Receptor ◽  
Early Life Stress ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
Suppression Test

Objective:The mechanisms involved in the dysregulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, especially in the functioning of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) in depressed patients, are not well elucidated. The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review of articles that assess the HPA axis activity from GR and MR in depressed patients and healthy controls with or without early life stress.Methods:We conducted a systematic review of articles in PubMed, SCOPUS and SciELO published between 2000 and 2011, using the following search terms:child abuse,depression,HPA axis,dexamethasone,prednisolone,fludrocortisoneandspironolactone. Thirty-four papers were selected for this review.Results:Most studies identified in this review used the dexamethasone/corticotropin-releasing hormone test and dexamethasone suppression test. In these studies, hypercortisolaemia was associated with depression. We identified three studies with the Prednisolone suppression test, only one study with the use of fludrocortisone and one with spironolactone. This review found nine studies that evaluated the HPA axis in individuals with early life stress.Conclusions:The majority of the studies assessed in this review show that early life stress leads to permanent changes in the HPA axis and may lead to development of depression in adults. The most consistent findings in the literature show increased activity of the HPA axis in depression associated with hypercortisolaemia and reduced inhibitory feedback. These findings suggest that this dysregulation of the HPA axis is partially attributable to an imbalance between GR and MR. Evidences have consistently showed that GR function is impaired in major depression, but few studies have assessed the activity of MR in depression and early life stress.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document