The Implications of Ageing and Migration for the Future Population, Health, Labour Force and Households of Northern England

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Rees ◽  
Chengchao Zuo ◽  
Pia Wohland ◽  
Carol Jagger ◽  
Paul Norman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Health ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
The Future ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Future Population

The Future Population and Labour Force of Canada: Projections to the Year 2051

1981 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 485
Author(s):  
Gordon W. Davies ◽  
Frank T. Denton ◽  
Christine H. Feaver ◽  
Byron G. Spencer
Keyword(s):  
Labour Force ◽  
The Future ◽  
Future Population

Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Lutz ◽  
William P. Butz
Keyword(s):  
Educational Attainment ◽  
School Attendance ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Population Trends ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Future ◽  
Main Driver ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Age And Sex

This book addresses systematically and quantitatively the role of educational attainment in global population trends and models. By adding education to the traditional demographic characteristics of age and sex, this distinguishing feature substantially alters the way we look at changes in populations and how we project them into the future. In most societies, particularly during the process of demographic transition, women with more education have fewer children, both because they want fewer and because they find better access to birth control. And better educated men and women in virtually all societies have lower mortality rates and their children have a better chance of survival. Migration flows also differ by level of education, and better educated migrants integrate more easily into receiving societies. These pervasive demographic differentials by level of education matter greatly for population dynamics. When we explicitly address this important source of population heterogeneity the projected future population trends are different from those based on the conventional stratifications that include only age and sex. In addition, the future educational attainment levels of the adult population are of great interest in their own right as a key determinant of outcomes ranging across economic growth, quality of governance, and adaptive capacity to environmental change. Traditionally in demography, the sex of a person is considered the most fundamental characteristic because it is essential for studying the process of reproduction. Mortality and migration also show significant variation by gender. Age is another key characteristic because it is the main driver of biological maturation at an early age and is directly related to school attendance, labour force entry, and retirement, all landmarks that are important for social institutions. Because there are distinct age-related patterns of fertility, mortality, and migration intensities, gender and age are considered the most fundamental demographic dimensions. In addition, demographers frequently take into account other biological, social, and economic characteristics, including place of residence (especially urban or rural), citizenship, marital status, race, migration status, employment status, health/disability status, and educational attainment. These additional characteristics are not systematically considered in every study, but tend to appear in corresponding topical studies.

scholarly journals Migrants’ Access to Social Protection in Latvia

2020 ◽  
pp. 257-270
Author(s):  
Anhelita Kamenska ◽  
Jekaterina Tumule
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Social Insurance ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Flat Rate ◽  
Family Benefits ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Social Security Benefits ◽  
Permanent Residents

Abstract This chapter discusses the link between migration and welfare in Latvia. In general, the Latvian social security system may be described as a mixture of elements taken from the basic security (where eligibility is based on contributions or residency, and flat-rate benefits are provided) and corporatist (with eligibility based on labour force participation and earnings-related benefits) models. The country has experienced significant social policy and migration-related changed during the past decades. This chapter focuses on the current Latvian legislation, by closely examining the differential access to social protection benefits of resident nationals, foreigners living in Latvia and Latvian citizens residing abroad across five core policy areas: unemployment, health care, pensions, family benefits and social assistance. Our results show that the Latvian social security benefits are generally based on the principle of employment, social insurance contributions, and permanent residence. Most of the social benefits and services are available to socially insured permanent residents. At the same time, the state offers minimum protection to non-insured permanent residents. Foreigners with temporary residence permits who are not socially insured are the least socially protected group.

scholarly journals Weather Literacy in Times of Climate Change

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 435-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadine Fleischhut ◽  
Stefan M. Herzog ◽  
Ralph Hertwig
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Extreme Weather ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
The Public ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
The Future ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Weather Risks

AbstractAs climate change unfolds, extreme weather events are on the rise worldwide. According to experts, extreme weather risks already outrank those of terrorism and migration in likelihood and impact. But how well does the public understand weather risks and forecast uncertainty and thus grasp the amplified weather risks that climate change poses for the future? In a nationally representative survey (N = 1004; Germany), we tested the public’s weather literacy and awareness of climate change using 62 factual questions. Many respondents misjudged important weather risks (e.g., they were unaware that UV radiation can be higher under patchy cloud cover than on a cloudless day) and struggled to connect weather conditions to their impacts (e.g., they overestimated the distance to a thunderstorm). Most misinterpreted a probabilistic forecast deterministically, yet they strongly underestimated the uncertainty of deterministic forecasts. Respondents with higher weather literacy obtained weather information more often and spent more time outside but were not more educated. Those better informed about climate change were only slightly more weather literate. Overall, the public does not seem well equipped to anticipate weather risks in the here and now and may thus also fail to fully grasp what climate change implies for the future. These deficits in weather literacy highlight the need for impact forecasts that translate what the weather may be into what the weather may do and for transparent communication of uncertainty to the public. Boosting weather literacy may help to improve the public’s understanding of weather and climate change risks, thereby fostering informed decisions and mitigation support.

scholarly journals The relative (un)certainty of subnational population decline

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P. Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Nobel Prize ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Nobel Prize Winner ◽  
Niels Bohr ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Future ◽  
Future Population

“Prediction is very difficult, especially about the future.” This quote is attributed to Danish physicist and Nobel prize winner Niels Bohr, but the difficulty of making predictions does not stop us from making forecasts of economic, demographic, and other variables. Investors, businesses, policy makers and others use these forecasts to inform their decisions about investments and policy settings where understanding of the future trajectory and levels of costs and benefits are essential. One key example is forecasts of future population. The size and distribution (whether geographic, age, ethnic, or some other distribution) of the future population is a critical input into urban and other planning. Understanding the methods and limitations of forecasts is an important but often underappreciated task for planners and policymakers.

scholarly journals Social Inequality and the Future of US Life Expectancy

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iliya Gutin ◽  
Robert A. Hummer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Social Inequality ◽  
Population Health ◽  
The United States ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Future ◽  
Extreme Longevity

Despite decades of progress, the future of life expectancy in the United States is uncertain due to widening socioeconomic disparities in mortality, continued disparities in mortality across racial/ethnic groups, and an increase in extrinsic causes of death. These trends prompt us to scrutinize life expectancy in a high-income but enormously unequal society like the United States, where social factors determine who is most able to maximize their biological lifespan. After reviewing evidence for biodemographic perspectives on life expectancy, the uneven diffusion of health-enhancing innovations throughout the population, and the changing nature of threats to population health, we argue that sociology is optimally positioned to lead discourse on the future of life expectancy. Given recent trends, sociologists should emphasize the importance of the social determinants of life expectancy, redirecting research focus away from extending extreme longevity and toward research on social inequality with the goal of improving population health for all. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Sociology, Volume 47 is July 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

The demography of grandparenthood in 16 European countries and two North American countries

2018 ◽  
pp. 23-42
Author(s):  
Rachel Margolis ◽  
Bruno Arpino
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Young Children ◽  
North American ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Intergenerational Relationships ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
European Countries ◽  
The Future

Intergenerational relationships between grandparents and grandchildren can offer tremendous benefits to family members of each generation. The demography of grandparenthood – the timing, length and population characteristics – shape the extent to which young children have grandparents available, how many grandparents are alive, and the duration of overlap with grandparents. In this chapter, we examine how the demography of grandparenthood varies across 16 countries in Europe and two countries in North America, and why it is changing. Next, we examine variation in two key determinants of intergenerational relationships – the labour force participation and health of grandparents. Last, we comment on some important changes in the demography of grandparenthood that may come in the future.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document